passage3

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

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????????Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

????????Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

????????But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.

????????There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the "standard templates"of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.??

????????Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they' re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.

????????Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

????????This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

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這是一篇關(guān)于美國新聞媒體遭受不信任危機(jī)的文章。文章介紹了一個(gè)針對(duì)此不信任危機(jī)而開展的調(diào)查，并闡述造成這一危機(jī)的原因，也是調(diào)查失敗的原因。文章前兩段交待了背景，第三段首先給出主題，在下面的三段中，逐步深入地追尋其背后的深層次原因，最后兩段進(jìn)行總結(jié)。整篇文章的論證方法主要是說理。

第一段：第一句以疑問句的形式提出問題，并指出該調(diào)查的目的。

第二段：直接指出該調(diào)查的結(jié)果不令人滿意。

第三段：第一句為主題句一—對(duì)媒體不信任是由于深層次原因。

說明本段的論證方法是典型的說理。

第四段：進(jìn)一步舉例說明上段提到的新聞“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式”與普通人的生活相距甚遠(yuǎn)。

第五段：進(jìn)一步指出這種差距是由于新聞界人士的生活態(tài)度導(dǎo)致的。

第六段：對(duì)文章觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

第七段：指出這一趨勢(shì)的危害。

29.What is the passage mainly about?

[A] needs of the readers all over the world.

[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.

[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.

[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.

29.文章主要談?wù)搩?nèi)容。

【A】世界各地讀者的需要

【B】造成公眾對(duì)報(bào)紙失望的原因

【C】造成報(bào)業(yè)衰敗的根源

【D】一個(gè)新聞可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的目的

30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.

[A] quite trustworthy

[B] somewhat contradictory

[C] very illuminating

[D] rather superficial?

30.新聞可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果是 ______ 。

【A】相當(dāng)可信

【B】有點(diǎn)矛盾

【C】很有啟發(fā)

【D】相當(dāng)膚淺

31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _______.

[A] working attitude

[B] conventional lifestyle?

[C] world outlook?

[D] educational background

31.作者指出的記者們存在的基本問題是他們的________。

【A】工作態(tài)度

【B】傳統(tǒng)生活方式

【C】世界觀

【D】教育背景

32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.

[A] failure to realize its real problem

[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters?

[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting

[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender

32.盡管新聞界付出了努力，仍然不能滿足讀者的需要是由于______。

【A】沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到真正的問題所在

【B】往往雇用令人厭煩的記者

【C】可能進(jìn)行失真的報(bào)道

【D】有種族和性別偏

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞

（1）alien

a.（to）不相容的；（from）相異的；

n.外僑；外星人

（2）diversity

n.差異；多樣性；不同

（3）get round to 找時(shí)間做，開始考慮

（4）head-scratching

a.困惑的，令人撓頭的

（5）metropolitan

a.大城市的；

（6）random

a.隨機(jī)的，隨意的；

n.隨機(jī)，隨意

（7）symposium

n.討論會(huì)，專題報(bào)告會(huì)；專題論文集

（8）template

n.模式，樣板

三、閱讀答案：B?D C A

四、全文翻譯：

????????為什么那么多美國人不相信自己在報(bào)紙上看到的東西？美國新聞編輯協(xié)會(huì)正試圖回答這個(gè)痛苦問題。該組織正深深陷入一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的自我剖析過程中，即一個(gè)稱為新聞可信度的調(diào)查項(xiàng)目。

????????遺憾的是，這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查計(jì)劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語法錯(cuò)誤，和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，如讀者到底想讀些什么。

????????但這種對(duì)媒體的不信任有更深刻的根源。多數(shù)新聞?dòng)浾叨紝W(xué)著用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界，并把每天發(fā)生的事件套入這一模式即可。換言之，在媒體的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)主干框架和一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的故事敘述套路。

????????新聞?dòng)浾吆妥x者之間存在著社會(huì)和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這就是為什么新聞編輯室的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式”與眾多讀者的意趣相差甚遠(yuǎn)。在最近一次調(diào)查中，問卷被送到了全國五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中，然后隨機(jī)地給這些城市的居民打電話，問他們同樣的問題。

????????結(jié)果表明，與其他美國人相比，新聞?dòng)浾吒锌赡芫幼≡诟蝗藚^(qū)，有女傭，有奔馳車，炒股，而不大可能去教堂，參加志愿服務(wù)，扎根某個(gè)社區(qū)。

????????記者們往往屬于廣義的社會(huì)和文化精英的一個(gè)部分，因此他們的工作往往反映了這些精英的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀。讀者對(duì)新聞媒介令人震驚的不信任，其根源并非是報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。

????????這對(duì)任何一個(gè)行業(yè)來說，都是一個(gè)句有破壞力的形勢(shì)，對(duì)于一個(gè)正在衰落的行業(yè)來說尤其如此。這是一個(gè)有很多麻煩的行業(yè)，卻不斷地雇傭觀點(diǎn)總使客戶惱怒的雇員。然后它又出資組織研討會(huì)和可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目，去探究為什么顧客們生氣，而大量流失。但它似乎從來就沒回過頭來去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。如果它能注意這個(gè)問題的話，它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目（這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工），進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層各不相同的記者。

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