去年，英國宣布從2030年起禁止銷售新的汽油和柴油汽車，這引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。但是，說起來容易做起來難，全球汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)電動化還有很長的路要走。本文淺談電動汽車存在的問題及可能的解決方案。

詞匯：transport 交通運(yùn)輸

We are all aware of the damaging?pollution?that’s created by driving?petrol?and?diesel?vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are clogged with?traffic, creating?fumes?containing gases such as?nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be?electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be?

我們都知道駕駛汽油和柴油車輛所產(chǎn)生的破壞性污染。世界上許多城市的交通堵塞，產(chǎn)生含有氮氧化物等氣體的煙霧。清潔、綠色未來的解決方案可能是電動汽車。但我們應(yīng)該多樂觀呢?

There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently,?battery life?is an issue – a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full?tank?of petrol. There are also limited numbers of?charging points?to plug an EV into.

去年，英國政府宣布將從2030年起禁止銷售新的汽油和柴油汽車，這引起了人們的極大興奮。但這是說起來容易做起來難嗎?全球交通完全電子化仍有很長的路要走。目前，電池壽命是一個問題——充滿電的電池不能像加滿一箱汽油那樣行駛。也有有限數(shù)量的充電電動車插入點(diǎn)。

Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger?range.

當(dāng)然，技術(shù)一直在進(jìn)步。一些最大的科技公司，如谷歌和特斯拉，正在投入巨額資金開發(fā)電動汽車。大多數(shù)大型汽車制造商現(xiàn)在也在生產(chǎn)這種汽車。低碳汽車技術(shù)顧問科林·赫倫(Colin Herron)告訴BBC:“固態(tài)電池將帶來巨大飛躍，它將首先出現(xiàn)在手機(jī)和筆記本電腦上，然后再發(fā)展到汽車上?！边@些電池充電速度更快，續(xù)航里程更廣。

Cost is another issue that may deter people switching to?electric power. But some countries offer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for?road tax?and?parking. Some also provide exclusive?lanes?for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in?jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants.

成本是另一個可能阻礙人們改用電力的問題。但一些國家提供激勵措施,如降低價(jià)格減少進(jìn)口關(guān)稅,而不是稅收和停車收費(fèi)道路。一些還為電動汽車提供了專用車道，超過了可能陷入擁堵的傳統(tǒng)汽車。這些措施使挪威成為人均擁有電動汽車最多的國家，每1000名居民超過30輛電動汽車。

But Colin Herron warns that ‘electric motoring’ doesn’t mean a?zero-carbon?future. “It’s?emission-free?motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using?public transport.

但科林·赫倫警告說,“電動汽車”并不意味著一個零碳的未來?！斑@是零排放的汽車，但汽車必須制造，電池必須制造，電力確實(shí)來自某個地方?！币苍S是時(shí)候考慮減少出行或使用公共交通工具了。

詞匯表

pollution 污染
petrol 汽油
diesel 柴油
vehicle 車輛，交通工具
traffic 交通量
fumes （有害的）氣體，煙霧
nitrogen oxides?氮氧化物
electric vehicle (EV) 電動汽車
battery life 電池使用時(shí)間，電池壽命
tank （盛放液體或氣體的）容器，罐，箱
charging point 充電樁
range 行駛距離
electric power 電力
road tax 公路稅
parking 停車
lane 車道
jam 交通堵塞
electric motoring 電動車
zero-carbon 凈零排放
emission-free 零排放，無排放的
public transport 公共交通

測驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. When will the ban on selling petrol and diesel cars in the UK begin?

2. What are needed to recharge the batteries in electric vehicles?

3. True or false??According to Colin Herron, putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a ‘great leap forward’.

4. Why might electric cars not get stuck in traffic jams in the future?

5. Will driving an EV be emission-free?

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. Sorry I’m late – there was terrible _______ on the motorway.

jam? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?range? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? traffic? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?highway

2. The company offers some great _______, such as free healthcare and gym membership.

incentivising? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?incentive? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?incentives????????????????? inventively

3. The _______ of a modern jet aircraft is far greater than the old propeller planes.

diesel? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?battery life? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?low-carbon? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?range

4. The _______ in the city was so bad, I couldn’t even see the other side of the road.

battery? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?emission-free? ? ? ? ? ? petrol? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?pollution? ? ??

5. The electric buses in the city are _______, so the air seems much cleaner.

free-emission? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?free-carbon? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?emission-free? ? ? ? ? ? ?carbon emission

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。?

1. When will the ban on selling petrol and diesel cars in the UK begin?
The UK government announced it’ll ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030.

2. What are needed to recharge the batteries in electric vehicles?
Charging points are needed to recharge the batteries in electric vehicles.

3. True or false??According to Colin Herron, putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a ‘great leap forward’.
False. He says:“The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which?will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.”

4. Why might electric cars not get stuck in traffic jams in the future?
Because, in some places, they will be allowed to drive in exclusive lanes, overtaking traditional cars?which might be?stuck in traffic jams.

5. Will driving an EV be emission-free?
Driving an EV will be emission-free. However, the car, the battery, as well as producing the electricity that powers the car, could all create emissions. So electric motoring does not mean a zero-carbon future.

2. 選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. Sorry I’m late – there was terrible?traffic?on the motorway.

2. The company offers some great?incentives, such as free healthcare and gym membership.

3. The?range?of a modern jet aircraft is far greater than the old propeller planes.

4. The?pollution?in the city was so bad, I couldn’t even see the other side of the road.

5. The electric buses in the city are?emission-free, so the air seems much cleaner.

文章來源BBC侵權(quán)刪。