Pb協(xié)議的接口測(cè)試
Protocol Buffers 是谷歌開源的序列化與反序列化框架。它與語(yǔ)言無關(guān)、平臺(tái)無關(guān)、具有可擴(kuò)展的機(jī)制。用于序列化結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)，此工具對(duì)標(biāo) XML ，支持自動(dòng)編碼，解碼。比 XML 性能好，且數(shù)據(jù)易于解析。更多有關(guān)工具的介紹可參考官網(wǎng)。
Protocol Buffers官網(wǎng)：https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers 1
Protocol Buffers 為跨平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)，以 Python 為例，使用者配置 .proto 文件，利用 Protocol Buffers 工具即可生成 Python 代碼，此代碼就是使用者想要的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。
如果編程語(yǔ)言換成了 Java ，使用者可使用相同的 .proto 文件，利用 Protocol Buffers 工具生成 Java 代碼，此代碼可被 Java 進(jìn)行解析。
這么做的好處是可以跨語(yǔ)言交流，試想 Java 與 Python 間的數(shù)據(jù)通信，只需要利用 .proto 確定格式，就可隨心編程，這個(gè)過程愜意無比?；?Protocol Buffers 的測(cè)試也無比舒服。
你可選擇自己的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行測(cè)試，比如 Python 。由于數(shù)據(jù)格式基于 .proto 配置文件，獲取到這個(gè)文件即可生成數(shù)據(jù)類，比如下述 .proto 內(nèi)容通過 protoc --python_out=./ ./addressbook.proto 命令即可生成 addressbook_pb2.py 文件：
syntax = "proto2";
package tutorial;
message Person {
?
optional string name = 1;?
?optional int32 id = 2;
?
optional string email = 3;?
??enum PhoneType {
?
??MOBILE = 0;
??
?HOME = 1;
??
?WORK = 2;
?
}?
??message PhoneNumber {
??
?optional string number = 1;?
?? ?optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME];
??}
?
repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;?
}
message AddressBook {?
??repeated Person people = 1;?
}
測(cè)試人員的代碼只需導(dǎo)入 addressbook_pb2 ，對(duì)其初始化后即可使用，比如對(duì) Person 的字段加入一些測(cè)試值：
import addressbook_pb2?
person = addressbook_pb2.Person()?
person.id = 1234?
person.name = "John Doe"?
person.email = "jdoe@example.com"
?phone = person.phones.add()
?phone.number = "555-4321"
?phone.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME
最后，將 person 序列化后即可傳輸?shù)奖粶y(cè)對(duì)象。如果你的業(yè)務(wù)采用文件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，可參考官方寫文件的例子（采用 python2 ）：
#! /usr/bin/python?
?import addressbook_pb2?
import sys
?# This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
def PromptForAddress(person):
?
person.id = int(raw_input("Enter person ID number: "))
?
person.name = raw_input("Enter name: ")
?
email = raw_input("Enter email address (blank for none): ")
?
if email != "":
??
?person.email = email
?
while True:
??
?number = raw_input("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ")
? ?if number == "":
??
? ?break
??
?phone_number = person.phones.add()
??
?phone_number.number = number
?
?type = raw_input("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ")?
?? ?if type == "mobile":
??
? ?phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE
?
??elif type == "home":
?
?? ?phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.HOME
?
??elif type == "work":
??
? ?phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.WORK
?
??else:
? ??
?print "Unknown phone type; leaving as default value."
?# Main procedure: ?Reads the entire address book from a file,?
# ? adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same?
# ? file.?
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
?
print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE"?
??sys.exit(-1)?
?address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()?
# Read the existing address book.
try:?
?f = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")?
??address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
?f.close()
except IOError:?
?print sys.argv[1] + ": Could not open file. ?Creating a new one."
# Add an address.?
PromptForAddress(address_book.people.add())?
# Write the new address book back to disk.
f = open(sys.argv[1], "wb")?
f.write(address_book.SerializeToString())
f.close()
也可從被測(cè)對(duì)象傳來的文件中讀數(shù)據(jù)：
#! /usr/bin/python?
import addressbook_pb2
import sys?
# Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.?
def ListPeople(address_book):?
??for person in address_book.people:
?? ?print "Person ID:", person.id
??
?print " ?Name:", person.name
??
?if person.HasField('email'):?
?? ? ?print " ?E-mail address:", person.email?
?? ?for phone_number in person.phones:
?
?? ?if phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE:
? ? ? ?print " ?Mobile phone #: ",?
?? ? ?elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.HOME:
? ? ? ?print " ?Home phone #: ",?
?? ? ?elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.WORK:
? ? ? ?print " ?Work phone #: ",
?
?? ?print phone_number.number
?# Main procedure: ?Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all?
# ? the information inside.?
if len(sys.argv) != 2:?
??print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE"?
?sys.exit(-1)?
address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()
?# Read the existing address book.?
f = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")?
address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())?
f.close()
?ListPeople(address_book)
如果數(shù)據(jù)通過 https 傳輸，可采用 requests ，其它傳輸方式同理，請(qǐng)自行查閱數(shù)據(jù)傳輸工具。如果測(cè)試人員代碼與被測(cè)對(duì)象建立了聯(lián)系，即可收發(fā)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，測(cè)試人員對(duì)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)編寫測(cè)試用例即可。
