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語(yǔ)齋小編：
有一種聲音，吟唱千古，環(huán)佩叮當(dāng)有一種文字，抑揚(yáng)頓挫，唯美流暢有一種韻律，起承轉(zhuǎn)合，回味悠長(zhǎng)有一種意象，含蓄婉約，美麗憂(yōu)傷……
今天就和語(yǔ)齋小編一起走進(jìn)詩(shī)歌深處，邂逅最美的遇見(jiàn)！

閑逸如“詩(shī)佛”王維，寄情山水，禪意盡見(jiàn)于遣詞造句中；

浪漫如“詩(shī)仙”李白，才情恣意揮灑于詩(shī)行間；

深刻、沉郁如現(xiàn)實(shí)主義詩(shī)人杜甫，憂(yōu)國(guó)憂(yōu)民之思傾注在一字一句中；

真誠(chéng)、清醒如白居易，所思所感皆可見(jiàn)于詩(shī)行。

這是上海大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院教授趙彥春對(duì)四位詩(shī)人的描述。

由上海大學(xué)出版、趙彥春翻譯的李白、王維、杜甫詩(shī)歌全集翻譯以及白居易部分詩(shī)歌翻譯，從去年十月到今年一月陸續(xù)和讀者見(jiàn)面。

這些古詩(shī)譯本的出版能讓西方讀者即使沒(méi)有中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化知識(shí)也能領(lǐng)略中國(guó)詩(shī)歌文學(xué)的魅力。

Shanghai University Press has published the world’s first complete English versions of poems by renowned Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) poets, allowing these literary masterpieces to be appreciated in lands beyond China.

相思

[唐] 王維

紅豆生南國(guó)，春來(lái)發(fā)幾枝。

愿君多采擷，此物最相思。

The Love Bean

The red bean?grows in Southern Land.

How many twigs shoot forth in spring?

Pray pick, pick more to fill your hand;

To speak for love, 'tis the best thing.

望岳

[唐] 杜甫

岱宗夫如何，齊魯青未了。

造化鐘神秀，陰陽(yáng)割昏曉。

蕩胸生層云，決眥入歸鳥(niǎo)。

會(huì)當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小。

Looking at Mt. Arch

Behold Mt. Arch, how high it stands！

Its green o'er Ch'i and Lu?expands.

The nature's made it a great one,

Shade as its moon, shine as its sun.

Unto my chest thick clouds arise;

And homing birds fly to my eyes.

When I reach the top to view all,

All mountains under me are?small.

以上分別出自第一部李白詩(shī)歌全集、王維詩(shī)歌全集的英譯本和第二部杜甫詩(shī)歌英譯全集。趙彥春還在加緊翻譯白居易的3000多首詩(shī)歌。

這些詩(shī)歌的譯者趙彥春，迄今已翻譯出版了《英韻三字經(jīng)》《詩(shī)經(jīng)》《論語(yǔ)》《道德經(jīng)》《莊子》等漢譯英譯著二十多部，同時(shí)兼任國(guó)際東西方學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)委員等。

將傳統(tǒng)文化傳播到海外

“中國(guó)是詩(shī)的國(guó)度，而唐朝是中國(guó)詩(shī)歌的巔峰時(shí)期，李、王、杜、白是唐詩(shī)皇冠上的明珠，”?趙彥春說(shuō)。

“China boasts a long history of poetry. The Tang Dynasty is the golden age of Chinese literature and poems by the four are like the jewel on the crown of Tang poetry,” said Zhao.

“這些詩(shī)歌主題豐富，記錄歷史變遷文明發(fā)展，文字也容易理解。我希望我的翻譯將這個(gè)重要的傳統(tǒng)文化傳播給更多的海外讀者?！?/p>

“The language has changed little and remains easy for modern Chinese to read. The themes are still relevant today, too. I wish the translated poetry will spread knowledge of traditional Chinese culture to more foreign readers,” he added.

趙彥春認(rèn)為翻譯詩(shī)歌對(duì)譯者的要求很高，要通古漢語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)、翻譯理論，還有文學(xué)層面的邏輯。

Zhao said translating poetry is unlike regular translation work as it requires one to be proficient in ancient Chinese language and English, skilled in translation theories, and well-versed knowledge in literature styles.

“普通的語(yǔ)言，大多是一個(gè)陳述，只是提供信息。而文學(xué)翻譯要能夠引起人類(lèi)的情感共鳴，讓人感受到美以及意境，這才是有價(jià)值的翻譯?！?/p>

“Translation in other fields usually deals with content that only delivers information, but literary translation, especially poem translation, must show readers the beauty and artistic values of words – this is the trickiest part,” he said.

“一首好的詩(shī)譯也應(yīng)有合適的節(jié)奏和選詞，讓讀者在腦海中形成畫(huà)面?！?/p>

A good translation of a poem, Zhao added, should have a?good rhythm and words that compel readers to form images in their minds.

詩(shī)歌翻譯需要很多努力

很多人認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌翻譯是不可能的。但趙彥春并不這樣認(rèn)為，“這只是需要付出很多的努力。”

翻譯李白詩(shī)歌全集，趙彥春只用了三個(gè)月，不過(guò)是滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)娜齻€(gè)月。

▌理解原文

首先，一半時(shí)間花在對(duì)原文的理解上。

“不參考他人的譯文是我的原則。為什么？因?yàn)闀?huì)帶入，這樣就沒(méi)有了獨(dú)立的思考，也會(huì)不知不覺(jué)中在自己的作品上留下別人的痕跡。不過(guò)對(duì)于原著，如果不懂的地方，可以看看專(zhuān)家對(duì)于作品的分析?！?/p>

For Zhao, the quest to producing a high-quality translation involves not referring to other translations of the same work. He explained that this self-imposed rule prevents him for subconsciously following the ideas and styles of others.?“What I do is to read an analysis of the original work to get a better understanding,” he said.

▌英語(yǔ)思維

理解后，啟動(dòng)英語(yǔ)思維。趙彥春每天都花費(fèi)至少有14個(gè)小時(shí)全身心地翻譯。翻譯后，趙彥春用了三個(gè)月做李白詩(shī)歌的復(fù)檢與注釋。

Annotation is another key step in the translation process. Zhao said it took him three months just to do annotation for Li’s poems.

“注釋也很重要。在英語(yǔ)中就兩三個(gè)詞可以表示月亮，漢語(yǔ)中表示月亮的詞大概有200個(gè)，比如沉璧、嬋娟、金蟬、玉兔。要讓西方人了解中國(guó)人對(duì)月亮賦予怎樣的聯(lián)想和內(nèi)涵，用注釋揭示背后的故事?！?/p>

“There are only two words in English that refer to the moon, but there are about 200 phrases can mean the same thing in Chinese. Each phrase has a story behind it, which demands an annotation to illustrate ancient culture,” he explained.

▌形式和韻律的翻譯也很重要

同時(shí)，他強(qiáng)調(diào)形式和韻律的翻譯也很重要。“譯者宛如上帝，俯視兩種語(yǔ)言。譯者看原作者用什么方式，想表達(dá)什么，找到對(duì)應(yīng)的相似的形式和語(yǔ)言。這個(gè)道理聽(tīng)起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單，但是背后需要知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累。否則就變成了譯者孤芳自賞，而譯文卻丟失了原作的很多韻味?！?/p>

Besides words, the form and rhyme must also be translated appropriately, he noted.?“A translator is like God looking down at the original text and translated language and finding a bridge between them. This process must be backed up by solid knowledge in interdisciplinary fields such as linguistics. Otherwise, the translated text will lose the charm that is present in the original.”

對(duì)于趙彥春來(lái)說(shuō)，即使翻譯過(guò)超過(guò)20本詩(shī)歌，未來(lái)的每一首詩(shī)也都是挑戰(zhàn)。

“每首詩(shī)都是一個(gè)密碼，獨(dú)特，不可復(fù)制。大量的詩(shī)歌翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓我有了美學(xué)的感受，有了雙語(yǔ)文字駕馭能力，翻譯速度提升，但是到底怎么選詞酌句，依然是挑戰(zhàn)。但是一旦破解，你會(huì)非常高興，振奮?！?/p>

“Every poem is like a ‘code’ that cannot be copied. My experience has armed me with an aesthetic knowledge and language abilities that allow me to do translation more efficiently. But choosing the right words is always a challenge and requires research.?But once I crack the ‘code’, the gratification I get is uplifting.”

趙彥春的團(tuán)隊(duì)也在做國(guó)學(xué)的推廣與研究，編寫(xiě)國(guó)學(xué)雙語(yǔ)的課堂演示與教材。

“我們需要建立自己的翻譯團(tuán)隊(duì)，讓更多人看到中華典籍，理解中華文化?！?/p>

作品賞析

原文：感時(shí)花濺淚，恨別鳥(niǎo)驚心（杜甫《春望》）

譯文：

Touched by hard times, flowers shed tears;

Dispersed by war, birds cringe in fears.

澳門(mén)理工學(xué)院教授蔣驍華：

杜詩(shī)中讓人過(guò)目難忘的詩(shī)眼非常多，詩(shī)眼多為動(dòng)詞。仔細(xì)品讀趙譯，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)趙教授對(duì)詩(shī)眼的處理非常用心。

詩(shī)眼是“濺”和“驚”。我們知道，花不會(huì)“濺淚”，鳥(niǎo)也不會(huì)因詩(shī)人與家人長(zhǎng)期分離而“驚心”。杜甫此詩(shī)寫(xiě)于“國(guó)破山河在”的安史之亂。詩(shī)人痛感烽火連天，親人分離，音訊全無(wú)，他的心在流淚。因而他見(jiàn)到的花和鳥(niǎo)好像跟他有同樣的感受，也在“濺淚”和“驚心”。這就是中國(guó)詩(shī)學(xué)中的抒情共振原理：詩(shī)人情感起伏，景物隨心有情，二者相互交融。

原文：行到水窮處，坐看云起時(shí)（王維《終南別業(yè)》）

譯文：

Where the creek ends, I take a rest,

To behold clouds arise white-dressed.

王瑩，中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所研究員：

“詩(shī)中有畫(huà)，畫(huà)中有詩(shī)”成為了王維最為后人所銘記的標(biāo)志性藝術(shù)特色。韻律和音步是趙彥春在王維詩(shī)歌英譯中極為重視的元素，趙彥春對(duì)其的追求，也到了近乎苛刻的程度，令句尾的押韻與意境的營(yíng)構(gòu)相得益彰。

這首詩(shī)中的名句充滿(mǎn)了身處?kù)`境的生命體驗(yàn)，充滿(mǎn)中國(guó)式水墨畫(huà)風(fēng)格的恬淡悠遠(yuǎn)，而趙譯展示了動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系，補(bǔ)足了語(yǔ)義和意境，譯筆卓拔。

記者：曹忱

編輯：陳月華

實(shí)習(xí)編輯：李金昳

實(shí)習(xí)生：劉雨軒

來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)新聞

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