The practical guide to using AI to do stuff 使用 AI 做事的實用指南
A resource for students in my classes (and other interested people).
為我班上的學(xué)生（和其他感興趣的人）提供的資源。
The practical guide to using AI to do stuff --- 使用 AI 做事的實用指南 (substack.com)
My classes now require AI (and if I didn’t require AI use, it wouldn’t matter, everyone is using AI anyway). But how can students use AI well? Here is a basic tutorial and guide I am providing my classes. It covers some of the many ways to use AI to be more productive, creative, and successful, using the technology available in early 2023, as well as some of the risks.
我的課程現(xiàn)在需要 AI（如果我不需要使用 AI，那也沒關(guān)系，反正每個人都在使用 AI）。但是學(xué)生如何用好AI呢？這是我提供課程的基本教程和指南。它涵蓋了使用 AI 提高生產(chǎn)力、創(chuàng)造力和成功的許多方法中的一部分，使用 2023 年初可用的技術(shù)，以及一些風(fēng)險。
Write stuff?寫東西
Open Source Option:?Nothing very good
開源選項：沒什么好
Best free (for now) option:?ChatGPT?(registration may require a phone number)
最好的免費（目前）選項：ChatGPT（注冊可能需要電話號碼）
Best option if ChatGPT is down:?OpenAI Playground
ChatGPT 關(guān)閉時的最佳選擇：OpenAI Playground
For right now, no other general AI tool comes even close to ChatGPT, which uses a variant of the GPT-3.5 language model. You will have to register for the site, and it can be slow (especially as there is a paid tier that will get priority over free use). If ChatGPT is down, you can also access roughly same model via the OpenAI Playground, but it will not have the useful chat features. More alternatives are coming, but right now there is nothing close to the GPT models if you want to experience the power of AI.
目前，沒有其他通用人工智能工具能與 ChatGPT 相提并論，后者使用 GPT-3.5 語言模型的變體。您將必須注冊該網(wǎng)站，而且速度可能會很慢（尤其是因為有一個付費層將優(yōu)先于免費使用）。如果 ChatGPT 關(guān)閉，您也可以通過 OpenAI Playground 訪問大致相同的模型，但它不會有有用的聊天功能。更多的替代方案即將到來，但如果您想體驗人工智能的力量，目前沒有什么比 GPT 模型更接近的了。
I have experimented a lot on how to use ChatGPT to help with written material, so here is a list of way you might find it useful:
關(guān)于如何使用 ChatGPT 來幫助處理書面材料，我已經(jīng)進行了很多實驗，因此這里列出了您可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)它有用的方法：
Writing anything. Blog posts, essays, promotional material, speeches, lectures, chose-you-own adventures, scripts, short stories - you name it, it does it. But you can’t just give it basic prompts.?Getting good writing out of ChatGPT takes some practice, and here is a guide to doing that.?Again, though, be aware of both the ethics of passing off the work of others as your own and academic honor codes. In my class, you merely need to include a paragraph about how you used ChatGPT in any assignment, other classes may ban or restrict the tool.
寫任何東西。博客文章、散文、宣傳材料、演講、講座、自選冒險經(jīng)歷、劇本、短篇小說——應(yīng)有盡有。但你不能只給它基本的提示。從 ChatGPT 中獲得良好的寫作需要一些練習(xí)，這里有一個指南。不過，請再次注意將他人的作品冒充自己的道德規(guī)范和學(xué)術(shù)榮譽準(zhǔn)則。在我的課上，你只需要在任何作業(yè)中包括一段關(guān)于你如何使用 ChatGPT 的段落，其他班級可能會禁止或限制該工具。Make your writing better. Paste your text into ChatGPT. Ask it to improve the content or for suggestions about how to make it better for a particular audience (though note it only “remembers” a couple thousand words of text)
讓你的寫作更好。將您的文本粘貼到 ChatGPT 中。要求它改進內(nèi)容或就如何讓它更好地為特定受眾提供建議（盡管請注意它只“記住”幾千字的文本）Help you with tasks. AI can write emails, create sales templates, give you next steps in a business plan, and a lot more.?Here is a guide to how to use it help in entrepreneurship that introduces some of these approaches.
幫你完成任務(wù)。 AI 可以編寫電子郵件、創(chuàng)建銷售模板、為您提供商業(yè)計劃中的后續(xù)步驟等等。這是一份關(guān)于如何使用它幫助創(chuàng)業(yè)的指南，其中介紹了其中一些方法。Unblock yourself. Neil Gaiman wrote: “Being a writer is a very peculiar sort of a job: it's always you versus a blank sheet of paper (or a blank screen) and quite often the blank piece of paper wins.” And I often find that this is true. Creating is hard, and having the AI suggest a header or paragraph is often a great way to move forward, even if you never use any of the text.
解鎖自己。尼爾蓋曼寫道：“作為一名作家是一種非常特殊的工作：它總是你與一張白紙（或一個空白屏幕）的對比，而且往往是白紙獲勝?！蔽医?jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)這是真的。創(chuàng)建很難，讓 AI 建議標(biāo)題或段落通常是向前推進的好方法，即使您從不使用任何文本。
Some things to worry about:?In a bid to respond to your answers, it is very easy for the AI to “hallucinate” and generate plausible facts. It can generate entirely false content that is utterly convincing. Let me emphasize that:?AI lies continuously and well. Every fact or piece of information it tells you may be incorrect. You will need to check it all. Particularly dangerous is asking it for math, references, quotes, citations, and information for the internet. You are responsible for the accuracy of everything you do, don’t expect the AI to produce truthful information.
一些需要擔(dān)心的事情：為了回應(yīng)你的答案，人工智能很容易“產(chǎn)生幻覺”并產(chǎn)生似是而非的事實。它可以生成完全令人信服的完全虛假的內(nèi)容。我要強調(diào)的是：AI 一直在撒謊，而且很好。它告訴您的每一個事實或信息都可能是不正確的。您將需要檢查所有內(nèi)容。特別危險的是向它索要數(shù)學(xué)、參考資料、引文、引文和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息。你對你所做的一切的準(zhǔn)確性負(fù)責(zé)，不要指望人工智能產(chǎn)生真實的信息。
The AI also doesn’t explain itself, it only makes you think it does. If you ask it to explain why it wrote something, it will give you a plausible answer that is completely made up. It is not interrogating its own actions, it is just generating text that sounds like it is doing so. This makes understanding biases in the system very challenging, even though those biases almost certainly exist.
人工智能也不會自我解釋，它只會讓你認(rèn)為它會解釋。如果你要求它解釋為什么它寫了一些東西，它會給你一個完全編造的似是而非的答案。它不是在詢問自己的行為，它只是生成聽起來像是在這樣做的文本。這使得理解系統(tǒng)中的偏見非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性，即使這些偏見幾乎肯定存在。
It also can be used unethically to manipulate or cheat. You are responsible for the output of these tools.
它還可以不道德地用于操縱或欺騙。您對這些工具的輸出負(fù)責(zé)。
Make images?制作圖像
Open Source Option:?Download?Stable Diffusion
開源選項：下載 Stable Diffusion
Free option that requires sign-up:?Here for?DALL-E?(50 images free).?Here?for a hosted version of Stable Diffusion that gives you 100 images.
需要注冊的免費選項：這里是 DALL-E（50 張免費圖片）。這里有一個托管版本的 Stable Diffusion，它可以為您提供 100 張圖像。
Best option:?Midjourney?(25 images free, than pay)
最佳選擇：Midjourney（25 張圖片免費，而非付費）
There are three big image generators out there:
那里有三個大型圖像生成器：
Stable Diffusion, which is open source and you can run from any high-end computer. It takes effort to get started, since you have to learn to craft prompts properly, but once you do it can produce great results. It is especially good for combining AI with images from other sources.?Here is a nice guide to Stable Diffusion if you go that route (be sure to read both parts 1 and part 2).
Stable Diffusion，它是開源的，您可以在任何高端計算機上運行。開始需要付出努力，因為您必須學(xué)會正確地制作提示，但是一旦您做到了，就會產(chǎn)生很好的結(jié)果。它特別適合將 AI 與其他來源的圖像相結(jié)合。如果你走那條路，這里有一個很好的穩(wěn)定擴散指南（一定要閱讀第 1 部分和第 2 部分）。DALL-E, from OpenAI, which is a little stale but will probably be updated soon.
DALL-E，來自 OpenAI，有點陳舊，但可能很快就會更新。Midjourney, which is the best system in early 2023. The reason I would suggest MidJourney is that it has the lowest learning-curve of any system: just type in "thing-you-want-to-see --v 4" (the --v 4 at the end is important, it uses the latest model) and you get a great result. Midjourney requires Discord.?Here is a guide to?using Discord. And here is a?Twitter thread?on using MidJourney’s interface.
Midjourney，這是 2023 年初最好的系統(tǒng)。我建議 MidJourney 的原因是它具有所有系統(tǒng)中最低的學(xué)習(xí)曲線：只需輸入“thing-you-want-to-see --v 4”（ --v 4 最后很重要，它使用最新的模型），你會得到很好的結(jié)果。中途需要 Discord。這是使用 Discord 的指南。這是一個關(guān)于使用 MidJourney 界面的 Twitter 線程。
Some class-related uses:?一些類相關(guān)的用途：
Illustrate presentations or reports
說明演示文稿或報告Create stock photographs of your product in use
創(chuàng)建您正在使用的產(chǎn)品的庫存照片Create mockups of designs?創(chuàng)建設(shè)計模型
Create mockups of apps or websites
創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序或網(wǎng)站的模型Create logos?創(chuàng)建徽標(biāo)
Fun
Some things to worry about:?These systems are built around models that have built-in biases due to their training on Internet data (if you ask it to create a picture of an entrepreneur, for example, you will likely see more pictures featuring men than women, unless you specify “female entrepreneur”), you can use?this explorer?to see these biases at work.
一些需要擔(dān)心的事情：這些系統(tǒng)是圍繞模型構(gòu)建的，這些模型由于對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的訓(xùn)練而具有內(nèi)在的偏見（例如，如果你要求它創(chuàng)建一張企業(yè)家的照片，你可能會看到更多男性圖片而不是男性圖片）女性，除非您指定“女性企業(yè)家”），您可以使用這個探索器來了解工作中的這些偏見。
These systems are also trained on existing art on the internet in ways that are not transparent and?potentially legally and ethically questionable. Though technically you own copyright of the images created, legal rules are still hazy.
這些系統(tǒng)還以不透明且可能在法律和道德上有問題的方式接受互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上現(xiàn)有藝術(shù)的培訓(xùn)。盡管從技術(shù)上講您擁有所創(chuàng)建圖像的版權(quán)，但法律規(guī)則仍然模糊不清。
Also, right now, they don’t create text, just a bunch of stuff that looks like text. And AI has trouble with hands.
此外，現(xiàn)在，他們不創(chuàng)建文本，只是一堆看起來像文本的東西。 AI 的手也有問題。
Come up with ideas?想出點子
Open Source Option:?Nothing very good
開源選項：沒什么好
Best free (for now) option:?ChatGPT?(registration may require a phone number)
最好的免費（目前）選項：ChatGPT（注冊可能需要電話號碼）
Best option if ChatGPT is down:?OpenAI Playground
ChatGPT 關(guān)閉時的最佳選擇：OpenAI Playground
Despite of (or in fact, because of) all its constraints and weirdness, AI is perfect for idea generation. You often need to have a lot of ideas to have good ideas. Not everyone is good at generating lots of ideas, but AI is very good at volume. Will all these ideas be good or even sane? Of course not. But they can spark further thinking on your part.
盡管有（或者事實上，因為）它的所有限制和怪異，人工智能非常適合創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)生。您通常需要有很多想法才能有好主意。不是每個人都擅長產(chǎn)生大量想法，但 AI 非常擅長數(shù)量。所有這些想法都是好的，甚至是理智的嗎？當(dāng)然不是。但它們可以激發(fā)您的進一步思考。
How do you do it? Just ask for ideas, and it will provide them. But there are also more advanced techniques.?Here is a guide to them.
你怎么做呢？只要提出想法，它就會提供。但也有更先進的技術(shù)。這是他們的指南。
Make videos?制作視頻
There are many choices, but an option I like:?D-iD?(note, you can create a couple videos for free with registration)
有很多選擇，但我喜歡一個選項：D-iD（注意，您可以通過注冊免費創(chuàng)建幾個視頻）
It is now trivial to generate a video with a completely AI generated character (you can use the images generated using the techniques in the guide), reading a completely AI-written script, talking in an AI-made voice, animated by AI. I?created this video of a cyborg giving a TED Talk in under two minutes. The easiest way is to use D-iD, but a lot of competition is entering the space, and things are changing by the minute.
現(xiàn)在，生成具有完全由 AI 生成的角色的視頻（您可以使用使用指南中的技術(shù)生成的圖像）、閱讀完全由 AI 編寫的腳本、用 AI 制作的聲音說話、由 AI 制作動畫已經(jīng)變得輕而易舉。我制作了這個電子人在兩分鐘內(nèi)進行 TED 演講的視頻。最簡單的方法是使用 D-iD，但很多競爭正在進入這個領(lǐng)域，而且每時每刻都在發(fā)生變化。
This can be great for explainer videos and introductions. And within a few months you are likely to be able to generate videos from text prompts, so stay tuned.
這對于解釋視頻和介紹非常有用。并且在幾個月內(nèi)您很可能能夠根據(jù)文本提示生成視頻，敬請期待。
Some things to worry about:?Deep fakes are a huge concern, and these systems need to be used ethically.
一些需要擔(dān)心的事情：Deep fakes 是一個巨大的問題，這些系統(tǒng)需要以合乎道德的方式使用。
A note on coding?關(guān)于編碼的說明
Both ChatGPT and GPT-3.5 are very good at writing code.?There is evidence that using AI assistance in coding may cut programming time in half. You also might be able to use it even if you don’t code yourself.?For example, you can create javascript art projects just by asking, as this thread explains. But the process is not 100% error-free for non-programmers.
ChatGPT 和 GPT-3.5 都非常擅長編寫代碼。有證據(jù)表明，在編碼中使用 AI 輔助可以將編程時間縮短一半。即使您不自己編寫代碼，您也可以使用它。例如，您可以通過詢問來創(chuàng)建 javascript 藝術(shù)項目，正如該線程所解釋的那樣。但是對于非程序員來說，這個過程并不是 100% 沒有錯誤的。
To accomplish the same goals, non-programmers may not be aware that there has been a revolution in workable low-code or no-code application builders (many of which have nothing to do with AI) that use platforms like Bubble or Shopify to help you create fairly sophisticated apps without the need to program directly.?Early evidence?shows that companies built with these approaches get similar kinds of outcomes as other startups, but they do it faster and raise less cash (and get lower valuations). Many of these systems include good tutorials, such as?Bubble’s Academy. However, these platforms typically charge for services.
為了實現(xiàn)相同的目標(biāo)，非程序員可能沒有意識到可用的低代碼或無代碼應(yīng)用程序構(gòu)建器（其中許多與 AI 無關(guān)）已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一場革命，這些應(yīng)用程序構(gòu)建器使用 Bubble 或 Shopify 等平臺來提供幫助您無需直接編程即可創(chuàng)建相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用程序。早期證據(jù)表明，采用這些方法建立的公司獲得了與其他初創(chuàng)公司類似的結(jié)果，但他們做得更快，籌集的現(xiàn)金更少（并獲得更低的估值）。其中許多系統(tǒng)都包含很好的教程，例如 Bubble’s Academy。但是，這些平臺通常對服務(wù)收費。
Learn stuff?學(xué)東西
Open Source Option:?Nothing very good
開源選項：沒什么好
Best free (for now) option:?ChatGPT?(registration may require a phone number)
最好的免費（目前）選項：ChatGPT（注冊可能需要電話號碼）
Best option if ChatGPT is down:?OpenAI Playground
ChatGPT 關(guān)閉時的最佳選擇：OpenAI Playground
AI can be a powerful tool for learning and exploration.?I have written about how it can be used for teaching, but it can also work for self-guided learning as well. Some ways to do that in ChatGPT:
人工智能可以成為學(xué)習(xí)和探索的強大工具。我已經(jīng)寫過它如何用于教學(xué)，但它也可以用于自學(xué)。在 ChatGPT 中執(zhí)行此操作的一些方法：
Summarize texts. I have pasted in numerous complex academic articles and asked it to summarize the results, and it does a good job! (though remember the size limits). Even better, you can then interrogate the material by asking follow-up questions: what is the evidence for that approach? What do the authors conclude? And so on…
總結(jié)課文。我已經(jīng)粘貼了很多復(fù)雜的學(xué)術(shù)文章并要求它總結(jié)結(jié)果，它做得很好！ （盡管記住大小限制）。更好的是，您可以通過提出后續(xù)問題來審視材料：該方法的證據(jù)是什么？作者的結(jié)論是什么？等等…Help with concepts. You can ask the AI to explain concepts. Because we know the AI could be hallucinating, you would be wise to (carefully!) double-check its results against another source. This both helps you learn and confirms the AI output looks good. Once you have a sense that it is right, ask it to explain it in different ways “Like I am 10” or “in a script from The Office” or “in the context of a medical examination.” Again, this is a start for your learning journey, since it will often get subtleties wrong.
幫助概念。你可以要求 AI 解釋概念。因為我們知道 AI 可能會產(chǎn)生幻覺，所以你最好（小心?。└鶕?jù)另一個來源仔細(xì)檢查它的結(jié)果。這既可以幫助您學(xué)習(xí)，也可以確認(rèn) AI 輸出看起來不錯。一旦你覺得它是對的，請讓它以不同的方式解釋它“就像我 10 歲”或“在辦公室的劇本中”或“在體檢的背景下”。同樣，這是您學(xué)習(xí)之旅的開始，因為它經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)細(xì)微的錯誤。Explain errors: If you get something wrong, paste in the incorrect text and ask it to explain the error, or to walk you through it step-by-step. The results can be surprisingly helpful.
解釋錯誤：如果你弄錯了，粘貼不正確的文本并要求它解釋錯誤，或者一步一步地引導(dǎo)你。結(jié)果可能非常有用。
Some things to worry about:?If you don’t check for hallucinations, it is possible that you could be taught something inaccurate. Use the AI as a jumping-off point for your own research, not as the final authority on anything. Also, it isn’t actively connected to the internet, so it has no up-to-date information.
需要擔(dān)心的一些事情：如果您不檢查幻覺，您可能會學(xué)到一些不準(zhǔn)確的東西。將 AI 作為你自己研究的起點，而不是任何事情的最終權(quán)威。此外，它沒有主動連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因此沒有最新信息。
And more??和更多？
This is just the beginning. AI is improving rapidly, and people are developing new uses all the time. But remember two key points:
這僅僅是個開始。人工智能正在迅速進步，人們一直在開發(fā)新的用途。但請記住兩個關(guān)鍵點：
AI is a tool. It is not always the right tool. Consider carefully whether, given its weaknesses, it is right for the purpose to which you are planning to apply it.
人工智能是一種工具。它并不總是正確的工具?？紤]到它的弱點，請仔細(xì)考慮它是否適合您計劃應(yīng)用它的目的。There are many ethical concerns you need to be aware of. AI can be used to infringe on copyright, or to cheat, or to steal the work of others, or to manipulate. And how a particular AI model is built and who benefits from its use are often complex issues, and not particularly clear at this stage. Ultimately, you are responsible for using these tools in an ethical manner. Be transparent about how you use AI, and take responsibility for the output you create.
您需要注意許多道德問題。 AI 可用于侵犯版權(quán)、欺騙、竊取他人的作品或進行操縱。而一個特定的人工智能模型是如何構(gòu)建的，以及誰從中受益往往是復(fù)雜的問題，在現(xiàn)階段還不是特別清楚。最終，您有責(zé)任以合乎道德的方式使用這些工具。對您如何使用 AI 保持透明，并對您創(chuàng)建的輸出負(fù)責(zé)。
We are in the early days of a very rapidly advancing revolution. Are there other uses you want to share? Let me know in the comments.
我們正處于一場快速推進的革命的初期。您還有其他用途要分享嗎？在評論中讓我知道。
This post is licensed under a?Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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