So other people would be also free

所以其他人也應(yīng)當(dāng)是自由的

The killing of George Floyd has sparked global soul-searching

喬治·弗洛伊德被殺引發(fā)了全球的反思

Protests have broken out in dozens of countries

數(shù)十個(gè)國家爆發(fā)了抗議活動(dòng)

Jun 11th 2020 | AMSTERDAM, JOHANNESBURG, MELKSHAM, MEXICO CITY, PARIS AND S?O PAULO

LOCAL POLICE arrested Giovanni López, a 30-year-old Mexican bricklayer, in Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos, a town near Guadalajara, on May 4th. Why they detained him is unclear. The next morning his family found him dead in a nearby hospital, with bruises on his head and a bullet in his ankle. His name did not go viral; no politician lamented his death.

5月4日，瓜達(dá)拉哈拉（Guadalajara）附近的伊克斯特拉瓦坎德洛斯姆布里洛斯鎮(zhèn)（Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos），當(dāng)?shù)鼐酱读?0歲的墨西哥泥瓦匠喬凡尼·洛佩茲（Giovanni López）。他們拘留他的原因尚不清楚。第二天早上，他的家人發(fā)現(xiàn)他死在附近一家醫(yī)院，頭部有瘀傷，腳踝中了一顆子彈。他的名字沒有像病毒一樣傳播;沒有政治家為他的死感到惋惜。

詞匯

Bruise/ 擦傷，青腫

Christian López, who filmed his brother’s arrest, stayed silent at first. He would later claim that messengers acting on behalf of the local mayor threatened to kill his family if the footage went public. But then came the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis, and the anti-police, anti-racism backlash that has swept the world. “I saw it and thought, this is the same thing that happened to my brother,” he says. On June 1st he went to the press.

克里斯蒂安·洛佩斯(Christian Lopez)拍攝了他哥哥被捕的過程，一開始他一直保持沉默。他后來聲稱，代表當(dāng)?shù)厥虚L的信使威脅說，如果這段錄像公開，就殺了他的家人。但隨后，明尼阿波利斯（Minneapolis）的喬治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)被殺，以及席卷全球的反警察、反種族主義的高漲情緒。他說:“我看到了，我醒悟了，這和我哥哥的遭遇是一樣的?！?月1日，他走進(jìn)了媒體。

詞匯

Footage/連續(xù)鏡頭

Backlash/反沖；強(qiáng)烈抵制

The chief prosecutor in the state of Jalisco, where the death occurred, faced a barrage of questions. On June 4th a march in Guadalajara, marking a month since Giovanni’s death, turned violent. Calls demanding #Justiciaparagiovanni increased. The three officers connected with Giovanni’s death were arrested. The mayor’s role is under investigation. Protests have since spread to Tijuana and the state of Veracruz against two local pre-Floyd police killings, of Oliver López (no relation) in March and Carlos Andrés Navarro in May.

死亡事件發(fā)生的哈利斯科（Jalisco）州的首席檢察官面臨著一連串的質(zhì)疑。June 4th，在瓜達(dá)拉哈拉，紀(jì)念喬凡尼死后一個(gè)月的游行演變成了暴力?！敖o喬瓦尼一個(gè)公正的答復(fù)”的呼聲增加了。與喬凡尼之死有關(guān)的三名官員已被逮捕。市長的身份正在接受調(diào)查?？棺h活動(dòng)已經(jīng)蔓延到蒂華納（Tijuana）和韋拉克魯斯（Veracruz）州，抗議兩起發(fā)生在佛洛伊德之前的當(dāng)?shù)鼐鞖⑷耸录?，分別是3月的奧利弗·洛佩斯（Oliver López）[并沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性]和5月的卡洛斯·安德烈斯·納瓦羅(Carlos Andrés Navarro)。

Mr Floyd’s death has provoked protests around the world. Why his death set off a global movement whereas countless other unjust killings did not is hard to say. Mr Floyd was American, of course, and the world pays more attention to the United States than to Mexico or any other country. His death was filmed in excruciating detail. It happened at a time when billions of people were cooped up and frustrated at home, thanks to covid-19. Lockdowns have surely made the global mood more combustible.

弗洛伊德的死引發(fā)了世界各地的抗議。為什么他的死引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)全球性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，而其他無數(shù)不公正的殺戮卻沒有，這很難說。當(dāng)然，弗洛伊德是美國人，世界對(duì)美國的關(guān)注超過了對(duì)墨西哥或其他任何國家的關(guān)注。他的死被詳細(xì)地拍攝下來。當(dāng)時(shí)，由于新冠病毒，數(shù)十億人被關(guān)在家里，感到沮喪。封鎖無疑讓全球情緒更加易燃。

詞匯

Coop up/把…關(guān)起來；禁閉

Combustible/ ?易燃的；易激動(dòng)的

But the important points are that police brutality is rife in many countries and minorities fear discrimination everywhere. That is why Mr Floyd’s fate resonated. Just as women on every continent found common cause in the #MeToo movement, despite the range of their experiences, so protesters around the world have united around the cry that black lives matter.

但重要的一點(diǎn)是，警察暴行在許多國家很普遍，而且少數(shù)民族害怕處處受到歧視。這就是為什么弗洛伊德的命運(yùn)引起了共鳴。正如世界各地的婦女在“我也是”運(yùn)動(dòng)中找到了共同的目標(biāo)，盡管她們的經(jīng)歷各不相同，世界各地的抗議者也團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，呼吁黑人的生命很重要。

詞匯

Rife/普遍的；流行的

At their simplest the protests mark people’s antipathy towards cops who beat or kill those whom they vowed to protect. Protests have spread throughout Mexico, where nine in ten homicides go unpunished and many police moonlight for the other side. The country’s most notorious unsolved crime, the disappearance and presumed murder in 2014 of 43 student teachers in the town of Ayotzinapa, is thought to have been orchestrated by police paid by drug gangs.

抗議活動(dòng)最簡單的表達(dá)了人們對(duì)警察的反感，警察毆打或殺害了他們發(fā)誓要保護(hù)的人?？棺h活動(dòng)已經(jīng)蔓延到整個(gè)墨西哥，在那里十分之九的殺人案沒有受到懲罰，許多警察兼職為另一方工作。該國最臭名昭著的未破案件是2014年發(fā)生在阿約齊納帕（Ayotzinapa）鎮(zhèn)的43名教師失蹤并被認(rèn)為是被謀殺的案件。這起案件被認(rèn)為是由販毒團(tuán)伙賄賂的警察精心策劃的。

詞匯

Homicide/過失殺人；殺人犯

Moonlight/ （非正式）夜間秘密地兼職

Orchestrate/精心安排

Some of the global anger is directed at the United States. Protests have erupted outside American embassies from Spain to South Africa. Nana Akufo-Addo, Ghana’s president, tweeted that: “Black people, the world over, are shocked and distraught.” President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa said: “The killing of George Floyd has opened up deep wounds for us all.”

全球的一些憤怒直指美國。從西班牙到南非的美國大使館外都爆發(fā)了抗議活動(dòng)。加納總統(tǒng)納納?阿庫福-阿多(Nana Akufo-Addo)在twitter上表示:“全世界的黑人都感到震驚和心煩意亂。南非總統(tǒng)西里爾?拉馬福薩(Cyril Ramaphosa)表示:“喬治?弗洛伊德(George Floyd)被殺，給我們所有人打開了深深的傷口?！?/p>

詞匯

Distraught/發(fā)狂的；心煩意亂的

Many protesters would agree. But many also seethe that their leaders condemn police abuse in Minnesota while allowing or even encouraging it at home. America’s police kill more people than those of any other rich democracy, but cops in some developing countries are much more lethal (see chart 1). So plenty of the protests around the world are about local abuses as well.

許多抗議者會(huì)同意這一觀點(diǎn)。但許多人也感到憤怒，因?yàn)樗麄兊念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人譴責(zé)明尼蘇達(dá)州的警察濫用職權(quán)，卻允許甚至鼓勵(lì)國內(nèi)的警察濫用職權(quán)。美國警察殺害的人比其他任何一個(gè)富裕的民主國家都多，但是一些發(fā)展中 國家的警察要致命得多(見表1)。因此，世界各地的許多抗議活動(dòng)也與當(dāng)?shù)氐臑E用職權(quán)有關(guān)。

詞匯

Seethe/沸騰；激動(dòng)

On June 8th in Mathare, a poor part of Nairobi, about 200 Kenyans marched against police atrocities. Since a covid-19 curfew was introduced in Kenya’s capital on March 27th police have killed 15 people, according to the country’s Independent Police Oversight Authority. “[T]he poor people of this country have come together to say no to police killings...and also stand in solidarity with the global protest against police excesses,” Juliet Wanjera, a member of the Mathare Social Justice Centre, an NGO, has told journalists.

6月8日，大約200名肯尼亞人在內(nèi)羅畢（Nairobi）的貧困地區(qū)瑪薩瑞（Mathare）舉行游行，反對(duì)警察的暴行。據(jù)肯尼亞獨(dú)立警察監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)稱，自3月27日肯尼亞首都實(shí)施新冠病毒宵禁以來，警方已造成15人死亡。非政府組織瑪薩瑞社會(huì)正義中心的成員朱麗葉·萬杰拉告訴記者“這個(gè)國家的窮人團(tuán)結(jié)起來對(duì)警察殺人說不……他們與全球反對(duì)警察暴行的抗議站在一起”。

Since 2012 there have been more than 40,000 complaints against the South African Police Service for alleged crimes including rape and murder, with just 531 convictions. Security forces have killed at least 11 people during South Africa’s lockdown, in place since March 27th, and more than 200,000 have been arrested. Mr Ramaphosa has said merely that authorities have been guilty of “over-enthusiasm”.

自2012年以來，南非警方收到了4萬多起針對(duì)QJ和謀殺等罪行的投訴，其中只有531起被定罪。在南非自3月27日起實(shí)施的封鎖期間，治安團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)殺死了至少11人，超過20萬人被捕。拉馬福薩（Ramaphosa）只是表示，當(dāng)局的“過度熱情”是有罪的。

That will not wash with many South Africans. The killing on April 10th of Collins Khosa, a 40-year-old man from Alexandra, a township in Johannesburg, by soldiers, has prompted particular outrage. According to his family, Mr Khosa was targeted for drinking a beer even though he was on his own property. (Buying alcohol was illegal in April and May, as per lockdown regulations, but drinking it was not.)

許多南非人不會(huì)認(rèn)同這一點(diǎn)。4月10日，一名來自約翰內(nèi)斯堡（Johannesburg）亞歷山德拉（Alexandra）鎮(zhèn)的40歲男子Collins Khosa被士兵殺害，這引起了特別的憤慨。據(jù)他的家人說，科薩之所以成為襲擊目標(biāo)，是因?yàn)樗攘似【疲M管他是在自己的房子里。(根據(jù)禁閉規(guī)定，4月和5月買酒是違法的，但喝酒不是。)

詞匯

wash with/使……相信

Some analysts worry that police abuse in America may make it easier for others to follow suit. “It will certainly be very easy for leaders in Africa, those with their own dictatorial tendencies, to justify future behaviour by referencing the actions of the US administration in the last few weeks,” argues Idayat Hassan of the Centre for Democracy and Development, a think-tank in Abuja, Nigeria. Police brutality in developing countries rarely prompts a global reaction. The killing by Zimbabwean security forces of 17 protesters in January 2019 did not lead to mass protests elsewhere.

一些分析人士擔(dān)心，美國警察濫用職權(quán)可能會(huì)讓其他人更容易效仿。尼日利亞阿布賈的智庫民主與發(fā)展中心(Centre for Democracy and Development)的伊達(dá)亞特?哈桑(Idayat Hassan)表示:“對(duì)于那些有獨(dú)裁傾向的非洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來說，參照美國政府過去幾周的行動(dòng)，肯定很容易為未來的行為辯護(hù)?！卑l(fā)展中 國家的警察暴行很少引起全球的反應(yīng)。2019年1月津巴布韋安全部隊(duì)殺害17名抗議者的事件并沒有在其他地方引發(fā)大規(guī)?？棺h。

詞匯

Dictatorial/獨(dú)裁的，專政的

In the state of Rio de Janeiro (population 6.3m), police killed 1,810 people last year, nearly twice as many as in the United States (population 328m). Police say most of the dead are gunmen from favelas, informal settlements that are often controlled by criminals. But watchdogs point to a rise in extrajudicial killings, including massacres of more than ten people, fuelled by warlike police operations, sometimes with snipers in helicopters. Images of smiling children killed by police all too often appear on people’s televisions. They include eight-year-old Agatha, shot by a stray bullet last September while riding in a van with her mother, and 14-year-old Jo?o Pedro, killed in a botched police raid last month.

在人口630萬的里約熱內(nèi)盧州，警察去年殺死了1810人，幾乎是美國(人口3.28億)的兩倍。警方說，大多數(shù)死者是來自貧民窟的槍手。貧民窟是通常由犯罪分子控制的非正式定居點(diǎn)。但監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)指出，法外處決事件有所增加，包括對(duì)十多人的屠殺，這是由好戰(zhàn)的警察行動(dòng)引發(fā)的，有時(shí)還動(dòng)用了直升機(jī)上的狙擊手。人們的電視上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)被警察殺害的微笑著的孩子的畫面。其中包括8歲的阿加莎(Agatha) ：去年9月，她和母親坐在一輛面包車?yán)?，被流彈擊中；以?4歲的若昂·佩德羅(Joao Pedro)，在警察官的一次集體搜捕行動(dòng)中被殺害。

詞匯

Favela/（巴西的）貧民區(qū)

Extrajudicial/法庭職權(quán)以外的

Botched/一團(tuán)糟的

Raid/襲擊；突襲；搜捕

Brazilians in more than ten cities took to the streets on June 7th to mourn their deaths and to protest against the government of Jair Bolsonaro, a populist who campaigned on promises to give immunity to police who kill. He said last year that a bill to this effect would cause criminals to “die in the streets like cockroaches”. Congress rejected the measure, but Brazil’s trigger-happy police are rarely prosecuted. Still, on June 5th a Supreme Court judge banned most police operations in favelas for the remainder of the pandemic.

6月7日，十多個(gè)城市的巴西人走上街頭哀悼他們的死亡，并抗議波索那羅（Jair Bolsonaro）的政府，這位民粹主義者在競(jìng)選中承諾給予殺人警察豁免權(quán)。他去年曾說過這樣的法案會(huì)讓罪犯“像蟑螂一樣死在街上”。國會(huì)否決了這項(xiàng)措施，但是巴西好戰(zhàn)的警察很少被起訴。然而，6月5日，一位最高法院法官禁止了貧民窟的大多數(shù)警察在疫情爆發(fā)后采取行動(dòng)。

詞匯

Cockroach/蟑螂

trigger-happy/好戰(zhàn)的；亂開槍的

Of the 6,220 people killed by Brazil’s police in 2018, three out of four were black. In Indonesia, #BlackLivesMatter has found new relevance as #PapuanLivesMatter. Indonesia runs half of the island of New Guinea, and controls it almost as if it were an occupying power. Papuans—whose skin is darker than that of other Indonesians—face bleak economic prospects and violence at the hands of security forces.

2018年，巴西警方殺害了6220人，其中四分之三是黑人。在印度尼西亞，“黑人生命重要”和“巴布亞生命重要”有了新的聯(lián)系性。印度尼西亞控制著新幾內(nèi)亞島的一半，幾乎像占領(lǐng)國一樣控制著它。巴布亞人的皮膚比其他印尼人更黑，他們面臨著暗淡的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景和遭受治安團(tuán)隊(duì)暴力的可能。

In 2019 a Papuan student dormitory in Surabaya in eastern Java was besieged by a mob claiming its inhabitants had thrown the national flag into a gutter. Some taunted them as “monkeys”. Rather than dispersing the mob, riot police stormed the dorm with tear-gas and arrested 43 Papuans. That and similar actions in other cities were the catalyst last summer for huge demonstrations by young Indonesians in support of Papuans. In recent days calls have grown for Indonesians to denounce the discrimination that Papuans suffer.

2019年，東爪哇泗水(Surabaya in eastern Java)的一個(gè)巴布亞（Papuan）學(xué)生宿舍被一群暴徒包圍，聲稱其居民將國旗扔進(jìn)排水溝。一些人嘲笑他們是“猴子”。防暴警察沒有驅(qū)散暴民，而是用催淚彈沖進(jìn)宿舍，逮捕了43名巴布亞人。去年夏天，印尼年輕人舉行了支持巴布亞人的大規(guī)模示威活動(dòng)。最近幾天，要求因巴布亞人遭受歧視而譴責(zé)印尼人的呼聲越來越高。

詞匯

Gutter/排水溝

riot police/防爆警察

denounce/譴責(zé)