「釋義」

機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)是人工智能的一個(gè)分支。

人工智能的研究歷史有著一條從以“推理”為重點(diǎn)，到以“知識(shí)”為重點(diǎn)，再到以“學(xué)習(xí)”為重點(diǎn)的自然、清晰的脈絡(luò)。

機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)是實(shí)現(xiàn)人工智能的一個(gè)途徑，即以機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)為手段解決人工智能中的問(wèn)題。機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)在近30多年已發(fā)展為一門(mén)多領(lǐng)域交叉學(xué)科。

「應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景」

過(guò)去十年人類(lèi)在人工智能，即機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的各個(gè)方面都取得了卓越進(jìn)展。亞馬遜、蘋(píng)果、Facebook和谷歌等科技巨頭利用這種通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)輸入進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)，極大改進(jìn)了自身產(chǎn)品。很多初創(chuàng)企業(yè)也借此推出新產(chǎn)品和平臺(tái)，有時(shí)甚至可以和大型技術(shù)公司相抗衡。

The past decade has brought?tremendous advances?in an exciting dimension of artificial intelligence—machine learning. This technique for taking data inputs and turning them into predictions has enabled tech giants such as Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google to dramatically improve their products. It has also spurred start-ups to launch new products and platforms, sometimes even in competition with Big Tech.

位于多倫多的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)BenchSci就是如此，該公司致力于縮短藥物研發(fā)流程。醫(yī)藥公司內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和公開(kāi)發(fā)表的科研論文數(shù)量龐大，科學(xué)家搜索時(shí)無(wú)異于大海撈針，該公司的目標(biāo)是降低信息篩選難度，將精力集中在其中最關(guān)鍵的信息上。為篩選可供臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)的新藥，科學(xué)家需要進(jìn)行大量耗時(shí)耗錢(qián)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。BenchSci公司注意到如果科學(xué)家能從已經(jīng)進(jìn)行的大量實(shí)驗(yàn)中提取更精準(zhǔn)的信息，可以減少實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)量，取得更多成功。

Consider BenchSci, a Toronto-based company that seeks to speed the drug development process. It aims to make it easier for scientists to find needles in haystacks—to zero in on the most crucial information embedded in pharma companies’ internal databases and in the vast wealth of published scientific research. To get a new drug candidate into clinical trials, scientists must run costly and time-consuming experiments. BenchSci realized that scientists could conduct fewer of these—and achieve greater success—if they Applied better insights from the huge number of experiments that had already been run.

以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》中文版2020年11月刊《機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的制勝之道》

阿杰伊·阿格拉沃爾（Ajay Agrawal）約書(shū)亞·甘斯（Joshua Gans）阿維·戈德法布（Avi Goldfarb）丨文

馬冰侖?丨編輯