Perversion and Jouissance 倒錯(cuò)與原樂(lè)

對(duì)待原樂(lè)的態(tài)度，神經(jīng)癥跟倒錯(cuò)有什么不同？

神經(jīng)癥說(shuō)：讓大他者不能在我身上享樂(lè)吧。

倒錯(cuò)說(shuō)：讓大他者以我為享樂(lè)吧。

We have seen that perversion differs from neurosis and psychosis in important ways. Whereas?the psychotic may suffer from what is experienced as an invasion of jouissance in his or her body, and the neurotic attempts above all to avoid jouissance (maintaining an unsatisfied or impossible desire), the pervert gets off on the very attempt to draw limits to his jouissance. Whereas in psychosis the Other does not exist (since its principal anchoring point, the Name-of-the-Father, is not instated), and in neurosis the Other exists only too ponderously (the neurotic wishing to get the Other off his or her back), in perversion the Other must be made to exist: the pervert has to stage the Other's existence by propping up the Other's desire or will with his own.

倒錯(cuò)Perversion與神經(jīng)癥Neurotics和精神病Psychosis在重要方面有所不同。精神病Psychosis可能會(huì)遭受原樂(lè)侵入他/她身體的體驗(yàn)，而神經(jīng)癥Neurotics首先試圖避免原樂(lè)(維持一個(gè)未被滿(mǎn)足或不可能的欲望)，而倒錯(cuò)Perversion則通過(guò)給原樂(lè)加上限制來(lái)獲得快感。然而在精神病Psychosis中他者并不存在(因?yàn)樗闹饕^定點(diǎn)，父之名，并沒(méi)有被確立)，而在神經(jīng)癥Neurotics中大他者只是過(guò)于沉重地存在(神經(jīng)病患者希望把大他者從他/她的背上弄走)，在倒錯(cuò)中他者必須存在:倒錯(cuò)必須通過(guò)用自己的欲望或意志支撐大他者的欲望或意志來(lái)呈現(xiàn)大他者的存在。

符號(hào)大他者

精神病：是缺失的，因此不存在（除權(quán)，forclosure）

神經(jīng)癥：無(wú)法根除地存在著 （壓抑，repression）

倒錯(cuò)：必須讓其存在（否認(rèn)，disavowal）

?

The pervert and the psychotic engage in an attempt to supplement the paternal function that brings the symbolic Other into existence—the pervert by staging or enacting the enunciation of the law, the psychotic by fomenting a delusional metaphor. Even certain phobias, in which a phobic object is put in the place of the Name-of-the-Father, involve a form of supplementation of the paternal function. Nevertheless, the psychotic’s supplementation aims at alienation, while the pervert's and phobic's aims at separation.

倒錯(cuò)和精神病試圖補(bǔ)充父之名的功能，以使得符號(hào)大他者存在——倒錯(cuò)通過(guò)使律法發(fā)生，精神病通過(guò)煽動(dòng)起一種幻覺(jué)式的隱喻。甚至是特定的恐懼癥，恐懼癥的物體被放在父之名的位置上，作為一種父之名功能的補(bǔ)充。然而，精神病的補(bǔ)充朝向異化alienation，而倒錯(cuò)和恐懼癥的補(bǔ)充朝向分離separation。

Let us turn now to the mOther, the imaginary or real mother. In psychosis she is never barred by the Name-of-the-Father, and the psychotic never?emerges from her as a separate subject; in neurosis she is effectively barred by the Name-of-the-Father, and the neurotic does emerge as a separate subject; in perversion the Other must be made to exist so that the mOther can be barred and the pervert can emerge as something other than an imaginary object of her desire.

現(xiàn)在我們看向母系大他者，想象的或者是真實(shí)的母親。精神病的母親是沒(méi)有被父之名劃杠的，并且精神病從沒(méi)有從母親中以主體的形式獨(dú)立出來(lái)；神經(jīng)癥的母親是被父之名強(qiáng)力劃杠的，神經(jīng)癥是以獨(dú)立主體的形式出現(xiàn)的；倒錯(cuò)的母親被必須要求存在，以此母性大他者才能被劃杠，并且倒錯(cuò)才能以某種不是母親欲望的想象性客體的方式存在。

Psychosis means there has been no effective prohibition of the child's jouissance in its relationship with its mother—that is, no inscription of the father's "No!"—due either to the father's absence or failure to impose himself as symbolic father, on the one hand, or to the child's refusal to accept that prohibition, on the other (or some combination of both). Perversion involves the inability to name something having to do with the mOther's desire (the father does not seem to be what she wants), to name or symbolize something having to do with s*x—the mOther's lack—the result being that the pervert is faced with a lack of lack that generates anxiety. Neurosis involves the inability to enjoy oneself, due to all the Other's ideals—that is, the inability to separate from the Other as language.

精神病意味著在與母親的關(guān)系中沒(méi)有有效地禁止孩子的原樂(lè)——也就是說(shuō)，沒(méi)有父親的“不!——這要么是因?yàn)楦赣H的缺席，要么是因?yàn)橄笳餍缘母赣H的塑造失敗，要么是因?yàn)楹⒆泳芙^接受這種禁令(或者兩者兼而有之)。倒錯(cuò)包括無(wú)法命名與母性大他者的欲望有關(guān)的東西(她似乎并不欲望父親)，無(wú)法說(shuō)出或象征與性有關(guān)的東西——母性大他者的缺乏——結(jié)果是倒錯(cuò)缺乏一種產(chǎn)生焦慮的匱乏。神經(jīng)癥無(wú)法自?shī)首詷?lè)，由于所有大他者眼中的理想形象——也就是說(shuō)，無(wú)法從大他者中作為語(yǔ)言分離出來(lái)。

Neurotics are often very uncertain about what they want and what?turns them on, whereas perverts are often quite certain. Even when neurotics do know, they are often highly inhibited in their ability to pursue it; perverts, in contrast, are generally far less inhibited in their pursuit. Neurotics may often have perverse fantasies in which they act in a very uninhibited manner, but this does not make them perverts, from a structural vantage?point.

神經(jīng)癥通常不確定他們想要什么，什么能讓他們興奮，而倒錯(cuò)通常很確定。即使神經(jīng)癥知道，他們?cè)谧非笏哪芰ι弦步?jīng)常受到高度限制;相比之下，倒錯(cuò)在追求的時(shí)候通常不會(huì)受到太多的限制。神經(jīng)癥可能經(jīng)常有倒錯(cuò)的幻想，在幻想中他們以非常不受約束的方式行事，但從結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)看，這并不意味著他們就是倒錯(cuò)。

In The Lacanian Subject, I described three moments constitutive of subjectivity-alienation, separation, and the traversing of fantasy-that help us understand the three main clinical structures. These moments can be schematized as three substitutions or substitutional metaphors.

在《拉康式主體》中，我描述了構(gòu)成主體性的三個(gè)時(shí)刻——異化alienation、分離separation和穿越幻想Traversing of fantasy——它們幫助我們理解三個(gè)主要的臨床結(jié)構(gòu)。這些時(shí)刻可以被圖式化為三個(gè)代替物或替換的隱喻。

In alienation, the Other dominates, since the child comes into being as a subject of language (the child is, we might say, enticed into language, seduced into making the "forced choice" between pleasure and language, between the pleasure principle and the reality principle); this does not occur in psychosis. In separation, object a as the Other's desire comes to the fore and takes precedence over or subjugates the subject; this does not occur in perversion, for the pervert himself occupies the position of object a, not allowing the Other's desire to serve as cause of his own: he is the real object that plugs up the mOther's desire. In the traversing of fantasy, the subject subjectifies the cause of his or her existence (the Other's desire: object a), and is characterized by desirousness; this does not occur in neurosis.

在異化alienation中，大他者占主導(dǎo)地位，因?yàn)閮和亲鳛檎Z(yǔ)言的主體而存在的(我們可以說(shuō)，兒童是被引誘進(jìn)入語(yǔ)言的，被引誘在快樂(lè)和語(yǔ)言之間，在快樂(lè)原則和現(xiàn)實(shí)原則之間做出“被迫的選擇”);精神病不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況。在分離separation中，客體小a作為大他者的欲望出現(xiàn)，并優(yōu)先于或征服了主體;這在倒錯(cuò)中不會(huì)發(fā)生，因?yàn)榈瑰e(cuò)者自己占據(jù)了客體小a的位置，不允許大他者的欲望成為他自己的欲望成因:他（倒錯(cuò)）才是補(bǔ)充完母性大他者欲望的真正客體。在穿越幻想Traversing of fantasy中，主體主體化了其存在的原因(即大他者的欲望:客體小a)，并以可欲望的為特征;這在神經(jīng)癥中不會(huì)發(fā)生。

In this sense, these three moments can be described as a sort of progression:

在這種情況下，三種時(shí)刻可以描述為三種變式。

Psychosis ?→ alienation→?Perversion

Perversion → separation→?Neurosis

Neurosis??→ traversing of fantasy →beyond Neurosis

（beyond Neurosis → traversing of ideology → 4字頭）

精神病 經(jīng)歷異化變成 倒錯(cuò)

倒錯(cuò)??經(jīng)歷分離變成 神經(jīng)癥

神經(jīng)癥 超越幻想變成 超越神經(jīng)癥

（超越神經(jīng)癥 超越意識(shí)形態(tài)變成 4字頭）

（雖然說(shuō)治療上是這個(gè)方向，但是是很難完成的，超越幻想就是超越神經(jīng)癥的短路）

Simply put, the difference between perversion and psychosis is alienation, and the difference between neurosis and perversion is separation. Without alienation, there is psychosis; alienation without separation leads to perversion; and alienation and separation without the traversing of fantasy leads to neurosis. The traversing of fantasy leads the subject beyond castration, beyond neurosis, into largely unexplored territory.

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，精神病和倒錯(cuò)的差別就是異化，倒錯(cuò)和神經(jīng)癥的差別就是分離。沒(méi)經(jīng)歷異化導(dǎo)向精神??；沒(méi)經(jīng)歷分離導(dǎo)向倒錯(cuò)（但經(jīng)歷了異化）；經(jīng)歷了異化和分離但沒(méi)有超越幻想導(dǎo)向神經(jīng)癥。超越幻想使得主體能夠超越閹割，超越神經(jīng)癥，去向更廣闊全新領(lǐng)域。

In schematic terms, we can represent psychosis, perversion, and neurosis as shown in Figure 9.2. These graphical representations allow us to posit that, understood in terms of the mOther's desire, the psychotic's whole being and body are required to fulfill the mOther (the psychotic is engulfed within the mOther); the pervert's real p*nis is required to fulfill the same task; and the neurotic's symbolic achievements are required but never suffice for the same job: the neurotic's mOther always wants something else.

在示意圖9.2中，我們可以表示精神病、倒錯(cuò)、神經(jīng)癥。

這些圖形表示允許我們假設(shè)以母親大他者的欲望的角度來(lái)理解，精神病的整個(gè)存在和身體都需要滿(mǎn)足母親大他者(精神病患者被吞沒(méi)在母親大他者內(nèi));性倒錯(cuò)的現(xiàn)實(shí)的菲勒斯需要完成同樣的任務(wù);而神經(jīng)癥有象征性的成就是必需的，但永遠(yuǎn)不能停息:神經(jīng)癥的母親大他者總是欲望著更多。