我是劉十三，非機構佛系的GMAT英語匠一枚，雖然利益相關，但是我只喜歡講干貨，不屑于寫營銷文，放心參考，資料禮貌問就好

說在最前：

1.我寫這個解析初衷是希望各位可以得到一些啟發(fā)，所以不必非要一個思路做題2.詞匯，句子理解不到位等閱讀能力問題屬于基礎問題 ，看思維解析肯定是不夠的，老老實實打基礎

編輯切換為居中3.個人始終認為rc追求的是理解文章的基礎上才能做題，所以錯得多，先問問自己文章或者選項理解到位沒有4.之后新版og跟現(xiàn)行版本，在閱讀上只是添加了2篇文章，所以放心參考（即使題號不同，內(nèi)容也是一樣的）

The argument for "monetizing"-or putting a monetary value on-ecosystem functions may be stated thus: Concern about the depletion of natural resources is widespread, but this concern, in the absence of an economic argument for conservation, has not translated into significant conservational progress. Some critics blame this impasse onenvironmentalists, whom they believe fail to address the economic issues of environmental degradation. Conservation can appear unprofitable when compared with the economic returns derived from converting natural assets (pristine coastlines, for example) into explicitly commercial ones (such as resort hotels). But according to David Pearce, that illusion stems from the fact that "services" provided by ecological systems are not traded on the commodities market, and thus have no readily quantifiable value. To remedy this, says Pearce, one has to show that all ecosystems have economic value-indeed, that all ecological services are?economic services. Tourists visiting wildlife preserves, for example, create jobs and generate income for national economies; undisturbed forests and wetlands regulate water runoff and act as water-purifying systems, saving millions of dollars worth of damage to property and to marine ecosystems. In Gretchen Daily`s view, monetization, while unpopular with many environmentalists, reflects the dominant role that economic considerations play in human behavior, and the expression of economic value in a common currency helps inform environmental decision-making processes.

【文章結構】背景：貨幣化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)定義：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能具有貨幣價值1）

評論家：

人們對自然資源耗盡都很擔憂,在缺乏對（自然資源的）保護的經(jīng)濟價值的討論下，還沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為一個重要的保護過程。評論家認為沒有進步的原因是環(huán)保專家沒有成功地解決環(huán)境退化（帶來）的經(jīng)濟問題與把自然資產(chǎn)（比如說原始的海岸線）轉(zhuǎn)換成明確地去營利的資產(chǎn)（例如度假酒店）相比，去保護自然資源就無利可圖（這是一個普遍認知）。

2）DP：DP認為上述保護環(huán)境無利可圖的想法是錯誤的， 批評家認為無利可圖是基于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供的“服務”并沒有在商品市場上交易，也沒有可量化的價值。想要糾正這一想法,必須證明所有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都有經(jīng)濟價值(ecological services are economic services)Eg：①比如參觀動物保護區(qū)可以創(chuàng)造就業(yè)和增加收入②森林和濕地調(diào)節(jié)水流量,并充當水凈化系統(tǒng),節(jié)省了數(shù)百萬美元3）GD(報紙名)：貨幣化盡管不受環(huán)保專家的歡迎，反應出經(jīng)濟考慮在人的表現(xiàn)行為上扮演著的支配著的角色（即利益因素主導著人的行為），以及在共同貨幣中的（環(huán)境保護的）經(jīng)濟價值的意見（表達）有助于告知環(huán)境決策過程。

翻譯參考：

對“monetizing(貨幣化)”的爭論-或者說將貨幣價值施加在-生態(tài)功能上，能夠這樣稱述：對自然資源的耗盡的擔心廣泛傳播著，但是這一擔心，在缺乏對（自然資源的）保護的經(jīng)濟價值的討論下，還沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為一個重要的保護過程。一些批評家把這一（環(huán)境）僵局歸罪于環(huán)保專家，他們認為是環(huán)保專家沒有成功地解決環(huán)境退化（帶來）的經(jīng)濟問題。與把自然資產(chǎn)（比如說原始的海岸線）轉(zhuǎn)換成明確地去營利的資產(chǎn)（例如度假酒店）相比，去保護自然資源就顯得沒有什么利潤可言（這是一個普遍認知）。但是根據(jù)David Pearce的說法，這一錯覺（錯覺指的是上一句話的內(nèi)容）是源自于一個事實，由生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供的“服務”沒有被投放到商品市場中進行交易，因此就沒有容易計量的價值。關于這點Pearce進一步補充說明道，一個人必須要展示出一點，即所有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都有經(jīng)濟價值-的確是的，所有生態(tài)服務都是經(jīng)濟服務。比如說，游客參觀野生動物保護區(qū)就增加了工作崗位并且為國家經(jīng)濟增加了收益；未受干擾的森林和濕地調(diào)整了水流并扮演著凈水系統(tǒng)的角色，這節(jié)省了上百萬美元相當于對財產(chǎn)和海洋系統(tǒng)的毀壞的價值了（worth of是等值的意思）。Gretchen Daily的觀點是，（環(huán)境）貨幣化，盡管不受環(huán)保專家的歡迎，反應出經(jīng)濟考慮在人的表現(xiàn)行為上扮演著的支配著的角色（即利益因素主導著人的行為），以及在共同貨幣中的（環(huán)境保護的）經(jīng)濟價值的意見（表達）有助于告知環(huán)境決策過程。

511.Information in the passage suggests that David Pearce would most readily endorse which of the following statements concerning monetization?

A Monetization represents a strategy that is attractive to both environmentalists and their critics.

B Monetization is an untested strategy, but it is increasingly being embraced by environmentalists.

C Monetization should at present be restricted to ecological services and should only gradually be extended to such commercial endeavors as tourism and recreation.

D Monetization can serve as a means of representing persuasively the value of environmental conservation.

E Monetization should inform environmental decision-making processes only if it is accepted by environmentalist groups.

文中信息顯示DP將會最樂意認可以下哪個關于貨幣化的選項?

【思路點撥】

推理題

定位內(nèi)容：But according to David Pearce，that illusion stems from the fact that "services" provided by ecological systems are not traded on the commodities market, and thus have no readily quantifiable?value. To?remedy this, says Pearce, one has to show that all ecosystems have economic value-indeed, that all ecological services are economic services.根據(jù)人名DP定位在以上內(nèi)容。
【答案】DD Monetization can serve as a means of representing persuasively the value of environmental conservation.?

貨幣化能夠作為一種方式來體現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護的價值。原文只有一段話,根據(jù)人名DP定位在后半部分。

DP認為環(huán)保無利可圖是一種錯覺,造成錯覺的原因是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的“服務”并沒有在商品市場上交易,也沒有可量化的價值,DP說要解決這個問題,必須證明所有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都有經(jīng)濟價值
【錯誤選項】

A.貨幣化這種策略對環(huán)保人士和他們的批評者都有吸引力。

Dp的觀點沒有提及

B.貨幣化是一種未經(jīng)檢驗的策略,但它正在越來越多地被環(huán)保人士接受。

Dp的觀點沒有提及

C.貨幣化現(xiàn)在應當僅限于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務使用,并應該只能逐步地擴展到諸如旅游和休閑這種商業(yè)活動?

Dp的觀點沒有提及

E.貨幣化只有在它為環(huán)保人士組織所接受的情況下，才應該通告環(huán)境決策流程?

Dp的觀點沒有提及

512.Which of the following most clearly represents an example of an "ecological service" as that term is used in line 20?

A A resort hotel located in an area noted for its natural beauty

B A water-purifying plant that supplements natural processes with nontoxic chemicals

C A wildlife preserve that draws many international travelers

D A nonprofit firm that specializes in restoring previously damaged ecosystems

E A newsletter that keeps readers informed of ecological victories and setbacks

【思路點撥】

細節(jié)題

定位內(nèi)容：one has to show that all ecosystems have economic value-indeed, that all ecological services are economicsevices.Tourists visiting wildlife preserves, for example, create jobs and generate income for national economies
【答案】CC A wildlife preserve that draws many international travelers貨幣化能夠作為一種方式來體現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護的價值。

A wildlife preserve that draws many international travelers只有答案是自然資產(chǎn)，其他都是商業(yè)資產(chǎn)

【錯誤選項】仔細看看是不是只有正確答案是自然資產(chǎn)符合生態(tài)服務，其他的其他都是商業(yè)資產(chǎn)
513.According to the passage, Daily sees monetization as an indication of which of the following?

A The centrality of economic interests to people`s actions

B The reluctance of the critics of environmentalism to acknowledge the importance of conservation

C The inability of financial interests and ecological interests to reach a common ideological ground

D The inevitability of environmental degradation

E The inevitability of the growth of ecological services in the future
【思路點撥】

細節(jié)題

定位內(nèi)容：In Gretchen Daily`s view, monetization, while unpopular with many environmentalists, reflects the dominant role that economic considerations play in human behavior, and the expression of economic value in a common currency helps inform environmental decision-making processes

【答案】AA The centrality of economic interests to people`s actions

在GD(報紙名)的觀點中,貨幣化雖然不受許多環(huán)保人士的歡迎但它有兩個作用:

①反映了利益因素主導著人的行為

②在共同貨幣中的（環(huán)境保護的）經(jīng)濟價值的意見（表達）有助于告知環(huán)境決策過程

【錯誤選項】
B.環(huán)保主義者的批評者不愿意承認環(huán)保的重要性 文中未提及

C.經(jīng)濟利益和生態(tài)利益不能達到共同理想狀態(tài) 說反了

D 環(huán)境退化不可避免 沒提

E. 未來生態(tài)服務的不可避免的增長 沒提?

514.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the environmentalists mentioned in line 8?

A They are organized in opposition to the generation of income produced by the sale of ecological services.

B They are fewer in number but better organized and better connected to the media than their opponents.

C They have sometimes been charged with failing to use a particular strategy in their pursuit of conservational goals.

D They have been in the forefront of publicizing the extent of worldwide environmental degradation.

E They define environmental progress differently and more conservatively than do other organized groups of environmentalists.

【思路點撥】

細節(jié)題

定位內(nèi)容：Some critics blame this impasse on environmentalists, whom they believe fail to address the economic issues of environmental degradation.

?【答案】C

They have sometimes been charged with failing to use a particular strategy in their pursuit of conservational goals.

他們會因為未能在他們的保護目標的追求中采用特定的策略(貨幣化策略)而受到指控定位line 8 環(huán)保人士在此行未主動發(fā)出自己看法，主要批評家對環(huán)保人士的看法，注意被動。一些批評人士將這一僵局歸咎于環(huán)保人士,他們認為環(huán)保人士未能成功解決環(huán)境惡化的經(jīng)濟問題

【錯誤選項】
A.他們受到組織反對由生態(tài)服務售賣所產(chǎn)生的收入。未提及

B.和他們的反對者相比，環(huán)保人士人數(shù)更少,但是組織的更好,并且與媒體更緊密。無關比較
D.他們一直處于宣傳世界范圍內(nèi)環(huán)境退化程度的前端。未提及

E.他們定義的環(huán)境流程比其他環(huán)保主義組織定義的有些不同而且更加謹慎。無關比較