1. AMIP數(shù)據(jù)的主要作用

The AMIP and pre-industrial control simulations of the DECK provide opportunities for evaluating the atmospheric model and the coupled system, and in addition they establish a baseline for performing many of the CMIP6 experiments.

一般采用AMIP和工業(yè)化前實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估大氣模式和耦合系統(tǒng)。

2.?For nearly 3 decades, AMIP simulations (Gates et al, 1999) have been routinely relied on by modelling centres to help in the evaluation of the atmospheric component of their models.

模擬中心經(jīng)常依靠AMIP模擬來(lái)幫助評(píng)估其模式的大氣成分。

3. AMIP sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice concentrations (SICs),

In AMIP simulations, the SSTs and SICs are prescribed based on observations. The idea is to analyse and evaluate the atmospheric and land components of the climate system when they are constrained by the observed ocean conditions.These simulations can help identify which model errors originate in the atmosphere, land, or their interactions, and they have proven useful in addressing a great variety of questions pertaining to recent climate changes.?

AMIP模擬中輸入了觀測(cè)的SST以及海冰數(shù)據(jù)，輸入這些數(shù)據(jù)的主要原因?yàn)椋涸谟^測(cè)海洋背景下評(píng)估海洋和大氣組成成分?？梢詭椭_定哪些模式誤差源于大氣、陸地或它們之間的相互作用

4. The climate found in AMIP simulations is largely determined by the externally imposed forcing, especially the ocean conditions. Nevertheless, unforced variability (noise) within the atmosphere introduces some non-deterministic variations that hamper unambiguous interpretation of apparent relationships between, for example, the year-to-year anomalies in SSTs and their consequences over land. To assess the role of unforced atmospheric variability in any particular result, modelling groups are encouraged to generate an ensemble of AMIP simulations. For most studies, a three member ensemble, where only the initial conditions are varied, would be the minimum required, with larger size ensembles clearly of value in making more precise determination of statistical significance.

基于AMIP數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候在很大程度上是由外部強(qiáng)加的強(qiáng)迫，特別是海洋條件決定的。

AMIP與CMIP

AMIP試驗(yàn)利用1979年以來(lái)的觀測(cè)海溫和海冰作為邊界條件來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)大氣環(huán)流模式。piControl試驗(yàn)是把外強(qiáng)迫（溫室氣體、太陽(yáng)輻射、氣溶膠、土地利用等）維持在1850年的水平下驅(qū)動(dòng)全球耦合模式進(jìn)行500 a以上的長(zhǎng)期積分。這兩組試驗(yàn)是評(píng)估大氣模式和耦合模式性能的基礎(chǔ),也是其他CMIP6試驗(yàn)的基準(zhǔn)。

Historical試驗(yàn)也從piControl試驗(yàn)的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)啟動(dòng),在基于觀測(cè)的、隨時(shí)間變化的各種外強(qiáng)迫（溫室氣體、太陽(yáng)輻射、氣溶膠、土地利用等）驅(qū)動(dòng)下進(jìn)行1850年以來(lái)的歷史氣候模擬。該試驗(yàn)用來(lái)評(píng)估模式對(duì)氣候變化的模擬能力,包括氣候變率的大小和百年尺度的趨勢(shì),還被用來(lái)分析氣候模式的輻射強(qiáng)迫和敏感性與觀測(cè)記錄的一致性;同時(shí),它與piControl試驗(yàn)一道是進(jìn)行氣候變化檢測(cè)歸因的參考基準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)。

來(lái)源：?Eyring, V., Bony, S., Meehl, G. A., Senior, C. A., Stevens, B., Stouffer, R. J., and Taylor, K. E.: Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1937–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016, 2016.

周天軍,?鄒立維,?陳曉龍.?第六次國(guó)際耦合模式比較計(jì)劃（CMIP6）評(píng)述?氣候變化研究進(jìn)展, 2019, 15(5): 445-456 doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.193