正文翻譯

October 30, 2020
The Borei class submarines started with Project 955, deployed in 1996. This is the first Russian submarine project since the dissolution of the Soviet unx.

Borei級潛艇始于1996年啟動的955工程。這是蘇聯(lián)解體以后的第一個俄羅斯?jié)撏Чこ獭?/p>

Introduce

介紹

Nuclear submarines are the most effective, independent and secretive of Russia’s strategic nuclear trio, operates in all weather conditions and can maintain a constant presence across oceans. In the present and near future, nuclear submarines will remain the most effective nuclear deterrent of Russia’s strategic nuclear trio.

核潛艇是俄羅斯戰(zhàn)略核三位一體打擊中最有效，最獨立和最秘密的核潛艇，可以全天候值勤，并且可以在整個海洋中保持長年存在。在目前和不久的將來，核潛艇將仍然是俄羅斯戰(zhàn)略核三位一體打擊中最有效的核威懾力量。

Most recently, the Russian Navy commissioned the fourth Borei-class submarine, the Knyaz Vladimir, hull number K-549. It was also the first Borei-A, an upgraded version of the Borei class. The submarine is named after Knyaz Vladimir the Great.

最近，俄羅斯海軍定購的北風之神級第四艘潛水艇弗拉基米爾，編號K-549。它也是第一艘北風之神-A，是北風之神級的升級型號。潛水艇以弗拉基米爾大帝（Knyaz Vladimir）命名。

In total, 10 Borei-class submarines will be built and join the Russian Navy, the last in 2027. Expected, 5 of these will be sent to the Pacific Fleet and the remaining 5 will be complement the Northern Fleet.

總共將建造10艘北風之神級潛艇并進入俄羅斯海軍服役，最后一艘將于2027年入役。預期，其中5艘將被派往太平洋艦隊，其余5艘將作為北方艦隊的補充。

The Borei class submarines started with Project 955, deployed in 1996. This is the first Russian submarine project since the dissolution of the Soviet unx. In fact, Project 955 has been researched and developed since the Soviet era. When Russia took over, the project was redesigned to accommodate the Bulava ballistic missile, replacing the R-39UTTH Bark missile.

北風之神級潛艇始于1996年部署的955工程。這是蘇聯(lián)解體以來的第一個俄羅斯?jié)撏ы椖?。實際上，自蘇聯(lián)時代以來，就已經對955工程進行了研究和開發(fā)。俄羅斯接管后，該項目經過重新設計，可攜帶圓錘彈道導彈，取代了R-39UTTH導彈。

Design

設計

Basically, the Knyaz Vladimir retains the same Borei class design. The submarine is 170 meters long, the beam is 13.5 meters, and the draft is 10m. The displacement when surfaced and submerged is 14,720 and 24,000 tons, respectively.

基本上，弗拉基米爾大帝號保留了與北風之神相類似的設計。潛水艇長170米，光束13.5米，吃水深度10m。當浮出水面和淹沒時的排水量分別為14,720噸和24,000噸。

Borei-class nuclear submarines have a compact design, which significantly reduces the noise level compared with previous generations of strategic nuclear submarines. It uses rudders at the stern and stabilized wings like the US Navy’s Ohio ballistic missile submarine. Thanks to its compact size, the ship can move in shallow water. The Knyaz Vladimir submarine is said to have lower noise levels than the previous Borei class.

北風之神級核潛艇設計緊湊，與上一代戰(zhàn)略核潛艇相比，可顯著降低噪音水平。它在船尾使用水平穩(wěn)定舵，類似于美國海軍的俄亥俄彈道導彈潛水艇。得益于尺寸緊湊，該船可以在淺水中移動。據(jù)說弗拉基米爾大帝潛艇的噪音水平低于先前的北風之神級。

Borei is also the first class of Russian submarines to use a pump-jet propulsion system instead of using propellers like the previous submarines. Americans have been using pump-jet propulsions on Seawolf-class nuclear submarines since the 1990s.

北風之神級還是俄羅斯第一種使用泵噴射推進系統(tǒng)而不是像以前的潛艇那樣使用螺旋槳的潛艇。自1990年代以來，美國人一直在“海狼”級核潛艇上使用泵噴射推進器。

The pump-jet propulsion offers higher efficiency, low resistance, especially when operating at high speeds. One outstanding advantage of a pump-jet engine is its low noise, which helps the submarine to reduce the sound signal when traveling.

泵噴射推進器可以提供更高的效率、更低的阻力，尤其是在高速運行時。泵噴氣發(fā)動機的一個突出優(yōu)點在于其低噪音，這有助于潛水艇在行駛中減少聲音信號。

The noise level is to be five times lower when compared to the third-generation nuclear-powered Akula-class submarines and two times lower than that of the U.S. Virginia-class submarines. The acoustic signature of Borei is significantly stealthier than that of the previous generations of Russian SSBNs, but it have been reported that their hydraulic pumps become noisier after a relatively short period of operation, reducing the stealth capabilities of the submarine.

與第三代核動力阿庫拉級潛艇相比，噪音水平要低五倍，比美國弗吉尼亞級潛艇要低兩倍。北風之神級的聲學特征明顯低于幾代俄羅斯SSBN級，但據(jù)說，它們的液壓泵在相對較短的運行時間后變得更嘈雜，從而降低了潛艇的隱身性。

Propulsion

動力

The submarine’s engine is an OK-650B nuclear reactor with a capacity of 190 megawatts, in addition to an AEU steam turbine. They allow the ship to reach a maximum submerged speed of at least 46 km/h (25 kn; 29 mph).

該潛艇的發(fā)動機是一臺OK-650B核反應堆和一臺AEU蒸汽輪機，功率為190兆瓦。它們使船舶能夠達到至少46 km / h（25 節(jié); 29 邁）的最大水下行駛速度。

The Borei submarine’s sonar system has been completely redesigned, allowing the detection of enemy warships 50% farther than the US Navy’s Virginia class submarines. It consists of a complex set of digital devices that provide communication, target acquisition and detection capabilities, and a host of other auxiliary functions.

北風之神級潛艇的聲納系統(tǒng)已全部重新設計，與敵方軍艦相比，探測能力比美國海軍的弗吉尼亞級潛艇還要高50％。它由一組復雜的數(shù)字設備組成，這些設備可提供通信、目標鎖定和檢測功能以及許多其他輔助功能。

Armament

武器

The main armament of the Borei-class nuclear submarine is 16 R-30 Bulava intercontinental ballistic missiles. This is a ballistic missile launched from submarines, equipped for the Russian Navy, designed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology.

北風之神級核潛艇的主要武器是16枚R-30 圓錘洲際彈道導彈。這是由莫斯科熱力技術研究所設計的，專為俄羅斯海軍配備的潛射的彈道導彈。

The missile has three stages; the first and second stages use solid fuel propellant, while the third stage uses a liquid fuel to allow high maneuverability during warhead separation. It weighs 36.8 tons, has a range of 8,000 km.

導彈分為三級，第一級和第二級使用固體燃料推進劑，而第三級使用液體燃料以便在彈頭分離后實現(xiàn)較高的機動性。它重36.8噸，射程8,000公里。

Using MIRV warheads for submarine-launched missiles would be many times more dangerous than land-launched missiles. Nuclear submarines constantly change launch positions, making it very difficult for the enemy to develop missile defense options.

海基發(fā)射使用分導式多彈頭戰(zhàn)斗部威懾作用要比陸基發(fā)射的導彈高出許多倍。核潛艇可持續(xù)改變發(fā)射位置，使敵人很難防御。

As for the Borei-A submarines, the main difference of these submarines from the original version is improved performance. Sound signature is significantly reduced thanks to the hull is covered with a material that absorbs sound from a special rubber compound. The electronics on board have also been upgraded to be more sophisticated.

至于北風之神級-A潛艇，這些潛艇與原級潛艇的主要區(qū)別在于性能提高。由于船體覆蓋有可吸收噪音的特殊橡膠混合物的材料，因此大大降低了噪聲信號，船上的電子設備也已變得更復雜。

The Borei class submarines are the most dangerous class of submarines that Russia currently owns. It can hit targets around the world with nuclear weapons. This makes submarines an indispensable part of Russia’s nuclear trio, providing the strongest retaliation against any nation that attacks Moscow with nuclear weapons.

北風之神級潛艇是俄羅斯目前擁有的最危險的潛艇。它可以用核武器打擊世界任何目標。這使?jié)撏С蔀槎砹_斯核三位一體核打擊力量不可或缺的一部分，任何敢以核武器襲擊莫斯科的國家都將受到最猛烈的報復。