課文內(nèi)容

詞匯：Plastic surgery 整形手術(shù)

Everybody has looked in the mirror at some point in their lives and thought they?could do with?a?smaller nose or fewer?wrinkles. Almost 10 million operations were performed in 2014, according to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Eyelid surgery topped the list of the five most popular?procedures, which included?breast augmentation?and?rhinoplasty.

每個(gè)人都在人生的某個(gè)時(shí)刻看著鏡子，想要一個(gè)小一點(diǎn)的鼻子或少一點(diǎn)皺紋。根據(jù)國際美容整形外科學(xué)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，2014年進(jìn)行了近1000萬例手術(shù)。在最受歡迎的五種手術(shù)中，眼瞼手術(shù)高居榜首，其他手術(shù)還包括隆胸和隆鼻。

We hear a lot about?cosmetic surgery?these days. But what many people may not realise is that reconstructing someone's face has an ancient past. There are reports of treatments to restore a broken nose in ancient Egyptian documents.

最近我們聽到很多關(guān)于整容手術(shù)的事。但許多人可能沒有意識(shí)到的是，重建一個(gè)人的臉有一個(gè)古老的過去。有報(bào)道稱，古埃及文獻(xiàn)中有修復(fù)骨折鼻子的方法。

Considering that safe?anaesthetics?and?antibiotics?were only discovered in the 19th and 20th centuries, it was a truly painful and risky business?to go under the?knife?in the past. But as far back as the mid-15th century?nose jobs?were carried out using skin taken from the upper arm.

考慮到安全的麻醉劑和抗生素在19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)才被發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去做手術(shù)是一件非常痛苦和危險(xiǎn)的事情。但早在15世紀(jì)中期，隆鼻手術(shù)是用上臂的皮膚進(jìn)行的。

Plastic surgery went through a revolution during World War One. The?trenches?protected the soldiers' bodies, but many who stuck their heads up were exposed to explosions. New techniques were developed by Harold Gillies who ran a?ward?at the Cambridge Military Hospital in Britain, and later a whole hospital dedicated to helping?disfigured?soldiers. Many wounded men at that time couldn't stand looking at their own faces. There were no mirrors in the hospital. In parks near the hospital, some benches were painted blue to signal to patients with facial injuries that they could sit there. And it was a way of telling local residents to prepare for the shock of seeing someone with a disfigured face.

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，整形外科經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)革命。戰(zhàn)壕保護(hù)了士兵們的身體，但許多昂首挺胸的人都暴露在爆炸的危險(xiǎn)之中。新技術(shù)是由哈羅德·吉利斯開發(fā)的，他曾在英國劍橋軍事醫(yī)院管理一個(gè)病房，后來又成立了一家專門幫助毀容士兵的醫(yī)院。當(dāng)時(shí)許多受傷的人都無法忍受看著自己的臉。醫(yī)院里沒有鏡子。在醫(yī)院附近的公園里，一些長(zhǎng)椅被涂成藍(lán)色，以示意面部受傷的病人可以坐在那里。這是一種告訴當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆绞?，?dāng)看到一個(gè)毀容的人時(shí)，要做好震驚的準(zhǔn)備。

Plastic surgery has come a long way since then. It reconstructs what does need reconstructing but it also makes people with no particular problems feel more confident. Bigger breasts? Straight nose??Facelift? In many cases, cosmetic surgery isn't a necessity at all, just a choice. But when done properly by capable doctors on patients who have a?realistic?goal, it's believed that plastic surgery can heal psychological wounds almost as much as physical ones.

從那時(shí)起，整形手術(shù)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。它重建了需要重建的東西，但它也讓沒有特殊問題的人感到更自信。更大的乳房嗎?直的鼻子嗎?整容嗎?在許多情況下，整容手術(shù)根本不是必須的，只是一種選擇。但是，如果有能力的醫(yī)生對(duì)有現(xiàn)實(shí)目標(biāo)的病人進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)氖中g(shù)，人們相信整形手術(shù)治愈心理創(chuàng)傷的效果幾乎和治愈身體創(chuàng)傷的效果一樣。

詞匯表

can do with 需要
wrinkle 皺紋
procedure 手術(shù)
breast augmentation 隆胸
rhinoplasty 鼻子整形
cosmetic surgery 整容手術(shù)
anaesthetic 麻醉劑
antibiotic 抗生素
to go under the knife 開刀，做手術(shù)
nose job 鼻子整形手術(shù)
trench 戰(zhàn)壕
ward 病房
disfigured 毀壞了外形或容貌的
facelift 去皺整容手術(shù)，面部拉皮手術(shù)
realistic 現(xiàn)實(shí)的；合情合理的

測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. On which part of the body do people have cosmetic surgery the most?
2. Is a procedure to repair the bones in a broken leg an example of cosmetic surgery?
3. Which developments have made plastic surgery safer and less painful in our time?
4. How were members of the public living close to a plastic surgery hospital in Britain in the early 20th century prepared for the shock of seeing patients with face injuries?
5. Which noun in the article means 'person who lives in a particular area'?

2. 請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。從每個(gè)表格中選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。

1. Mary's forehead and cheeks were making her look old. She thought it was time to have __________.

a nose job ? ? ? ? a breast augmentation ? ? ? ? a facelift ? ? ? ? a rhinoplasty

2. I have bad flu and the doctor told me to take __________.

antibiotics ? ? ? ? an anaesthetic ? ? ? ? a nose job ? ? ? ? a procedure

3. Peter needed some plastic surgery after the car accident. He had some bad ___________ injuries.

disfigured ? ? ? ? facial ? ? ? ? rhinoplasty ? ? ? ? facelift

4. The new hospital is very big. It has five __________.

trenches ? ? ? ? benches ? ? ? ? procedures ? ? ? ? wards

5. Janet is not afraid of going under the knife. Her surgeon is very __________.

safe ? ? ? ? unrealistic ? ? ? ? capable ? ? ? ? realistic

答案

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. On which part of the body do people have cosmetic surgery the most?
Eyelid surgery topped the list of the five most popular procedures in 2014.

2. Is a procedure to repair the bones in a broken leg an example of cosmetic surgery?
False. 'Cosmetic' is related to appearance and the repair of a broken leg has to do with walking and not looking good.

3. Which developments have made plastic surgery safer and less painful in our time?
The discovery of antibiotics and anaesthetics.

4. How were members of the public living close to a plastic surgery hospital in Britain in the early 20th century prepared for the shock of seeing patients with face injuries?
They knew that benches painted blue in the neighbourhood park were for patients with horrific facial injuries.

5. Which noun in the article means 'a person who lives in a particular area'?
A resident.

2. 請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。從每個(gè)表格中選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。

1. Mary's forehead and cheeks were making her look old. She thought it was time to have?a facelift.

2. I have bad flu and the doctor told me to take?antibiotics.

3. Peter needed some plastic surgery after the car accident. He had some bad?facial?injuries.

4. The new hospital is very big. It has five?wards.

5. Janet is not afraid of going under the knife. Her surgeon is very?capable.

文章來源BBC，侵權(quán)刪，本文僅用于英語學(xué)習(xí)。