牧游社 牧有漢化翻譯

Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #7 – Laws

Lachek, Victoria 3 Lead Designer

After a couple weeks vacation, we've now returned to our usual weekly dev diary schedule! Today we will be diving deeper into Victoria's politics to talk about Laws. Legal reform in your country creates different political, economic, and social conditions for your Pops, which over time changes the fabric of your society. This change can be slow and incremental, or fast and revolutionary - sometimes literally.

放完了幾周的假期后，現(xiàn)在我們回到了我們每周正常更新的開發(fā)日志的軌道上來了！今天我們會更加深入地探索維多利亞的政治系統(tǒng)，談一談法律Laws。你的國家中法律改革為你的人口群創(chuàng)造了不同的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會條件，隨著時間推移改變著你的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。這種改變可以是緩慢而漸進(jìn)的，也可以是迅速而革命的——有的時候就是字面意思的革命。

There are three major categories of Laws with seven sub-categories in each, which themselves contain up to half a dozen specific Law options. As always everything here is being heavily iterated upon, including these sub-categories, so the laws you see at release will not exactly match what we're telling you here!

法律分為3個大類，每個大類中有7個子類，而每個子類最多包涵6個法律選項(xiàng)。像往常一樣，這里的一切都正經(jīng)歷著大量迭代更新，包括這些子類，所以你在發(fā)布時看到的法律可能與我們在這里告訴你的完全不一樣！、

Power Structure

權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)

These Laws determine who is in control of different aspects of your country. It includes fundamental governance Principles such as Monarchy and Parliamentary Republic, which determine who your Head of State is and what kind of powers they wield. Distribution of Power ranges from Autocracy and Oligarchy through various extensions of the voting franchise all the way to Universal Suffrage. Citizenship and Church and State Laws govern which Pops suffer legal discrimination in your country due to their culture or religion. The principles on which your Bureaucracy is run - such as hereditary or elected positions for bureaucrats - determine how expensive it is to keep track of each citizen and how much Institutions cost to run, but also directly benefit some groups over others. Conscription lets you raise a part of your civilian workforce as soldiers in times of war, and Internal Security governs how the Home Affairs anti-insurgent Institution works.

這些法律決定了由誰來控制你國家的不同方面。這包括基本的治理原則governance Principles——例如君主制或議會共和制，這種制度將決定誰是你的國家元首及其所掌握的權(quán)力類型。權(quán)力分配Distribution of Power的范圍從獨(dú)裁和寡頭政體，經(jīng)由一系列的投票權(quán)變體，一直到普選權(quán)。公民權(quán)Citizenship與教會與國家Church and State的法律負(fù)責(zé)決定哪種人口群在你的國家因?yàn)槠湮幕蜃诮淌艿椒善缫暋Ｄ愕?strong>官僚體制Bureaucracy運(yùn)行的原則——諸如世襲官僚或民選職務(wù)——決定了跟蹤每一位公民的成本有多高，以及機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行成本有多高，而且同樣會直接讓一些群體比其他群體更加受益。兵役制度Conscription讓你在戰(zhàn)時從你平民勞動力中征召一部分人口成為士兵，而國內(nèi)安全I(xiàn)nternal Security決定內(nèi)務(wù)部的鎮(zhèn)反機(jī)構(gòu)如何工作。

The Power Structure Laws of a typical European nation after having made a few strides towards liberalization. The numbers in green refers to the number of alternative Laws currently available to be enacted. This indicator is used throughout the UI to reveal how many options a sub-menu has without having to open it.

這是一個典型的大步邁向自由化的歐洲國家的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)法律。綠色數(shù)字代表了當(dāng)前有多少可用的其他法律選項(xiàng)。這一指示器在UI中通用，標(biāo)明子菜單中有多少可用選項(xiàng)，而無需打開它。

Economy

經(jīng)濟(jì)

This set of Laws define where your treasury's money comes from and how it can be spent. Your Economic System is crucial - this governs whether your country operates on principles of Mercantilism, Isolationism, or Free Trade, among others. Income Tax determines which Pops should be taxed and what range of tax burden is appropriate. No Income Tax at all is of course an option, and legislation to such effect will make some Pops both rich and happy! Poll Taxation, or levying a fixed tax per head, is another option primarily used in less industrialized societies. (There are other avenues of taxation as well, but these are the ones driven by legislation.) Finally, you can choose what form the Institutions of Colonization, Policing, Education System, and Health System will take in your country. For example, you can keep government spending under control by instituting Charity Hospitals, which have limited effect and boost the power of the clergy, or you could pass a Public Health Insurance Law which is costlier but can have a greater impact on the health of the masses.

這一系列的法律決定了你國庫中的錢從哪來以及你能怎么花。你的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制Economic System至關(guān)重要——支配著你的國家是以重商主義、孤立主義、自由貿(mào)易還是其它原則運(yùn)行。所得稅Income Tax決定哪種人口群應(yīng)該被征稅以及稅收合適的負(fù)擔(dān)范圍，完全沒有所得稅當(dāng)然是一種選項(xiàng)，如此立法會讓一些人口群又有錢又高興！人頭稅Poll Taxation，或者說對每個腦袋征收的固定稅，是另一種在工業(yè)化程度低的社會中主要使用的稅種（還有其他征稅途徑，但在這里講的都是立法驅(qū)動的）。最后，你可以選擇殖民機(jī)構(gòu)、警察機(jī)構(gòu)、教育體制和衛(wèi)生體制在你的國家中采取何種形式。例如你可以通過建立慈善醫(yī)院來使政府開支維持在合理范圍，這一選擇效果有限，還會擴(kuò)大神職人員的影響力?；蛘吣憧梢酝ㄟ^公衛(wèi)保障的法律，這更費(fèi)錢，但會給群眾的健康帶來更大的影響。

Payroll Taxes require reasonable lower-class wages and a centralized population to pay off, but if so can form the economic basis for a budding welfare system as seen here. A tax system based on Levying might be more lucrative in countries with huge Peasant populations.

工薪稅需要數(shù)目可觀的下層階級工資和集中的人口來支付，但這樣就可以為處于萌芽中的福利國家體制提供經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。一個基于征收的稅收系統(tǒng)可能在農(nóng)業(yè)人口巨大的國家更有利可圖。

Human Rights

人權(quán)

Enshrining the rights of the individual was a hallmark of the era. These Laws define how your Pops are treated and what manner of control you can enforce over their lives. Free Speech determines the degree of control you can enforce over your Interest Groups but restrictive rights throttle the spread of innovation. The Labor Rights Laws include outlawing serfdom, but extends all the way to establishing a Workplace Safety Institution to reduce the number of people literally crushed in the jaws of industry. Children's Rights and the Rights of Women have a number of effects such as shifting the Workforce/Dependent demographics, affecting Dependent income, and extending the franchise. Welfare ensures the poor and disabled in your society are taken care of. Migration Laws can be used to influence Pop migration. Slavery Laws determine the legal status of owning people in your country. More details on that subject in a future dev diary.

珍視個人權(quán)利是這個時代的標(biāo)志。這些法律決定你的人口群被如何對待，以及你能對他們的生活施加什么樣的控制。言論自由Free Speech決定你對利益集團(tuán)的控制程度，但是實(shí)行控制性權(quán)利會扼殺創(chuàng)新的傳播。勞工權(quán)利Labor Rights包括取締農(nóng)奴制，并且一直延伸到建立工作場所安全機(jī)構(gòu)，以減少在工業(yè)機(jī)械中被夾死的人的數(shù)量。兒童權(quán)利Children's Rights和女性權(quán)利Rights of Women有許多影響，諸如改變勞動力/被撫養(yǎng)人的人口結(jié)構(gòu)、影響被撫養(yǎng)人的收入，以及擴(kuò)大選舉權(quán)。社會福利Welfare確保窮人和殘疾人得到照顧。移民制度Migration可以影響人口群的移民。奴隸制度Slavery決定你的國家擁有人民的法律地位。更多該主題的細(xì)節(jié)會在將來的開發(fā)日志中談?wù)摗?/p>

Not a lot of concessions have been made here, but at least children may congregate freely after the factory whistle signals the end of their grueling workday.

此處作出的讓步不多，但至少孩子們能在工廠哨聲結(jié)束他們疲倦的工作日后聚在一起。

Laws are almost always completely independent from one another. You can create a Constitutional Monarchy with hereditary succession but Universal Suffrage, or an Autocratic Presidential Republic with a strongman leader at the top of the food chain. You can have a Secret Police and still permit fully Protected Speech.

法律幾乎完全互相獨(dú)立。你可以建立一個擁有世襲官僚機(jī)構(gòu)且采取普選制度的君主立憲政體，或者有一位站在食物鏈頂端的強(qiáng)人領(lǐng)袖領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的獨(dú)裁總統(tǒng)共和國。你可以擁有秘密警察的同時允許受到完全保護(hù)的言論自由。

Our aim is to set all countries up with the best fitting Laws compared to what they actually had in 1836. This will vary wildly between countries, and will greatly influence what sorts of conditions and strategies are available to you at the start of the game. For example, the USA starts with Total Separation of Church and State, ensuring no Pops suffer legal discrimination on account of their religion, while Sardinia-Piedmont doesn’t take kindly to non-Catholic Pops. This will affect Pops who live in the country currently, but will also limit which Pops might migrate there - few Pops would make it their preference to move to a country where they're mistreated by law.

我們的目標(biāo)是根據(jù)各國在1836年的實(shí)際情況，為其制定最合適的法律。這會在國家之間有很大的不同，而且將極大影響游戲開始時可用的條件與戰(zhàn)略。例如美國在教會與國家上實(shí)行徹底分離，確保人口群不會因其宗教信仰遭到法律歧視，然而撒丁-皮埃蒙特對非天主教的人口群并不友好。這將會影響當(dāng)前生活在國家的人口群，但也會限制想要移民到此處的人口群——沒人想移民到會遭到法律虐待的國家。

As a result of these starting Laws Sardinia-Piedmont might have to look towards colonization or conquest if they start to run out of their native workforce, while North America is likely to get regular migration waves to help expand the frontier. By connecting these effects to starting Laws, many historically appropriate and recognizable aspects and behaviors of Victorian-era nations - such as their attractiveness to immigrants - are connected to a tangible property (e.g. poor or oppressed Pops emigrating to the USA both because of its demand for workforce and also its liberal Laws) rather than being arbitrarily encoded into the very fabric of the nation itself, the approach previous Victoria games took to encourage history in the a familiar direction.

由于這些開局的初始法律，當(dāng)本土的勞動力逐漸耗盡時，薩丁尼亞-皮埃蒙特王國需要將視線轉(zhuǎn)移到殖民擴(kuò)張與征服上，而與之相對，北美國家卻可以借助一波一波的移民潮來開疆拓土。把諸如此類的影響與開局法律聯(lián)系起來，游戲中維多利亞時代國家符合歷史和的顯著特征和行為——例如吸收移民——就都會與其具體的特質(zhì)有關(guān)（例如，大量窮人或受壓迫的人移民美國，是出于其對勞動力的需求與自由的法律），而不是被武斷的代碼來決定國家本身的結(jié)構(gòu)——這是以往維多利亞游戲“模擬歷史”的方式。

However, these starting Laws are far from set in stone! You might want to reform your Laws to better suit the direction your society is going - for example, you might want to transition your Bureaucracy from a system of appointees to Elected Bureaucrats in order to more effectively provide services from government Institutions to all your incorporated territories (or maybe just because you want to disempower the otherwise powerful Intelligentsia.) Or your country’s Agrarian economy has plateaued on account of increased reliance on imports of manufactured goods, and you want to change course to the exciting opportunities provided by a Free Trade policy.

然而，這些開局的法律遠(yuǎn)非定局！你也許會想改革你的法律，以更好地適應(yīng)你的社會發(fā)展方向——例如，你可能想把你的官僚體制從任命制過渡到民選制，以便讓政府機(jī)構(gòu)更有效地向你的核心領(lǐng)土提供服務(wù)（或者僅僅因?yàn)槟阆雱儕Z過大的知識分子的權(quán)力），或者你的國家的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)停滯不前，經(jīng)濟(jì)對工業(yè)品進(jìn)口的依賴卻逐步加深，你想改變方向，轉(zhuǎn)向自由貿(mào)易，以提供更多的機(jī)會來刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

A common effect of Laws is to modify some parameter about your country, like give you more Authority or reduce certain Pops’ Mortality. But Laws can also permit or disallow the use of certain actions, such as Public Schools which permit the Compulsory Primary School Law; permit the Decree to Promote Social Mobility in a certain state; and even alter the effects of other parts of your society, like boost the efficacy of your Education System Institution. Without some degree of separation between Church and State, this form of secular school system is not possible.

法律的一個常規(guī)作用是修改一些關(guān)于國家的參數(shù)，比如給你更多的權(quán)力或者降低某些人口的死亡率。但法律也可以允許或不允許某些行動的使用，例如公立學(xué)校法律允許采用義務(wù)教育小學(xué)法律，也可以頒布法令來促進(jìn)某一地區(qū)的社會流動，甚至可以改變社會其他部分的效果——比如提高教育系統(tǒng)的機(jī)構(gòu)效率。如果教會和國家之間沒有某種程度分離，這種形式的世俗學(xué)校制度是不可能的。

Another reason to change Laws is because your people demand it. As we touched on in the previous dev diary, Interest Groups have Ideologies that lead them to favor some Laws over others - for example, the Industrialists have the Individualist Ideology that cause them to favor privately operated Education and Healthcare systems over publicly funded ones, to ensure best access is given to those of merit and morals (or in other words, Wealth). Reforming your current Laws to work more in accordance with your powerful Interest Groups’ Ideologies is a quick way to win their approval, permitting you more leeway to go against their wishes in the future or as a quick pick-me-up in case their Standard of Living has recently taken a hit.

人民的需求則是改變法律的另一個原因。正如我們在上一篇開發(fā)日志中提到的，利益集團(tuán)的意識形態(tài)會讓他們更加傾向于一些法律——例如，工廠主Industrialists的個人主義意識形態(tài)傾向于私營而不是公有的教育和醫(yī)療體系，確保那些“有價值和道德（或者換句話說，財富）的人”得到最好的服務(wù)。改革你的現(xiàn)行法律并使之貼合你強(qiáng)大的利益集團(tuán)的意識形態(tài)是贏得他們認(rèn)可的捷徑，讓你能留有未來與他們周旋的余地，或者在他們的生活水平受到打擊時拉他們一把。

The inverse is also true. Introduce a bill to abolish the Monarchy in Great Britain and see how the Landed Gentry feel about that.

反之亦然。嘗試一下在英國推行廢除君主制的法案，看看鄉(xiāng)紳老爺們對此有何感想。

Even Trade Unionists have a hard time saying no to zero income taxes, but even that won't make up for restricting the vote!

即使是工會成員也很難拒絕零所得稅，但即使這樣也不能彌補(bǔ)投票權(quán)的受限！

Enacting a Law is far from an instantaneous, one-click affair. First off, any reform must be supported by at least one Interest Group in your government who can champion the change. Once the reform has begun it can be a smooth process that's over in a matter of months, or it can take years of gruelling debate in parliament or horsetrading between Interest Groups in order to pass. The amount of time it takes depends both on your government's Legitimacy in the eyes of the people, and also on the Clout of the Interest Groups in your government that supports and opposes the new Law relative to the one it's replacing. While broader coalitions of Interest Groups in government give you more options of Laws to enact, it also complicates getting them passed.

頒布一項(xiàng)法律遠(yuǎn)非一蹴而就的事。首先，任何改革都必須得到政府中至少一個有實(shí)力且支持改革的利益集團(tuán)的支持。一旦改革開始，它可能是一場幾個月內(nèi)結(jié)束的平穩(wěn)變革，也可能需要在議會經(jīng)過數(shù)年艱苦的辯論或利益集團(tuán)之間的激烈爭鋒才能通過。所需時間的長短既取決于政府在人民心目中的合法性Legitimacy，也取決于政府中支持和反對新法律的利益集團(tuán)的影響力Clout。雖然政府中廣泛的利益集團(tuán)聯(lián)盟帶來了更多的法律可供選擇，但這也使通過這些法律變得復(fù)雜。

Changing your laws isn't an entirely straightforward process in Victoria 3! In this case it's just a matter of time before the Law is enacted, but if dissenting Interest Groups had also been part of this government there would be plenty of room for Debate and Stalling tactics that could cause this reform to take more effort than it's worth.

在維多利亞3中，改變法律并不是一個直截了當(dāng)?shù)倪^程！在這種情況下，法律頒布只是一個時間問題，但如果反對黨的利益集團(tuán)也曾是本屆政府的一部分，就會有足夠的辯論空間和拖延戰(zhàn)術(shù)，受此影響，改革可能得不償失。

Let me close out here by tying all this back to the Pops. As we have touched on in past dev diaries, Pops have a Profession, collect an income, and consume goods depending on the economic preconditions you have created in your country. These material concerns in combination with a few others, such as Literacy, determine which Interest Groups they support. Other aspects, such as your country's Laws, influence how much Political Strength the Pops provide to those Interest Groups. The Interest Groups have an approval score and favor certain Laws over others. As a result, different groups of Pops approve more or less of the society you have built depending on their economic well-being, and their demands for change is more or less intimidating depending on how many and strong they are. You may choose to placate an angry group, or further benefit an already content group for extra benefits. But in doing so, some other group will become displeased. Have you built your society resilient enough to navigate these ebbs and flows? And most importantly, which of the many, many routes will you take to move forward?

最后再把這一切和人口系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系起來。正如我們在過去的開發(fā)日志中所提到的，人口擁有職業(yè)，擁有收入，并根據(jù)你在國內(nèi)創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件來消費(fèi)商品。這些物質(zhì)層面的影響與其它屬性（如識字率）相結(jié)合，決定了他們支持的利益集團(tuán)。其他方面，如法律，影響人口為這些利益集團(tuán)提供的政治力量。利益集團(tuán)有自己的滿意度和法律偏好。因此，不同群體的人口對你所建立的社會的認(rèn)可，取決于他們獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉，而他們對變革的要求，其威懾力取決于他們的數(shù)量和實(shí)力。你可以選擇安撫一個憤怒的群體，或給已經(jīng)盆滿缽滿的群體更多好處從而給自己牟利。但這樣做，其他一些群體會感到不高興。你的社會是否有足夠的彈性來應(yīng)對這些起伏？最重要的是，在眾多的路線中，你會選擇哪一條來前進(jìn)？

That is all for me this week! In this dev diary I mentioned Institutions a number of times, and next Thursday I will be back with more details on this powerful society-shaping tool. Until then!

這就是本周的全部內(nèi)容！本篇日志中我多次提及了多次“機(jī)構(gòu)Institutions”，下周四我們就將講講這個有力塑造社會的工具。下次見！

翻譯：口袋姚怪 萊恩希德公爵

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