?????There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. ?Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

?

11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.

A. has been believed to have been

B. was believed to be

C. is believed to have been

D. is believed to be

To have done

?

【解析】本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中不定式的用法，屬于專四語(yǔ)法高頻考點(diǎn)，考點(diǎn)拓展 ：不定式的完成時(shí)to have done表示三種意思，第一，跟在表示情感類的詞后，比如sorry, happy, blessed。第二，跟在表示觀點(diǎn)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，比如is said/ thought/believed to have done, 第三，跟在表示推斷類的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后seem/appear等。本題意思： 據(jù)說開羅外的金字塔是古代埃及人的一次嘗試，嘗試建立一個(gè)smooth-sided金字塔。is believed to have been 為什么是is believed 這里表示現(xiàn)在人們也是這么認(rèn)為，所以is believed 用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，to have been 表示“嘗試 ”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)態(tài)在被認(rèn)為之前，當(dāng)然是古老的埃及人們做了這個(gè)嘗試之后，才有后來的人們的“據(jù)說”。所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)to have been的核心含義是 to have been這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在believe之前，也就是不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。選C

?

12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.

A. maintains

B. is maintaining

C. maintained

D. has been maintaining

【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)，題目里面出現(xiàn)了since 這個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞，告訴我們需要使用完成時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)中的完成時(shí)態(tài)只有D 選項(xiàng) has been maintaining 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí). 句意：U.S. News?這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)從1983年起就一直保持對(duì)大學(xué)進(jìn)行排名，對(duì)于想要申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的學(xué)生而言，他們是一家很受歡迎的機(jī)構(gòu)，可以從中獲取資源。

?

13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.

A. actually

B. accidentally

C. otherwise

D. Seldom

【解析】題意：他被誘惑卷入了一場(chǎng)犯罪中，要不是被別人引誘的話，他本身是不會(huì)犯罪的。題目中出現(xiàn)了would not have done 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示本不會(huì)做某事，但是實(shí)際情況又做了，所以這里需要填入要不然，想表達(dá)要不是被lured的話，他一般情況是不會(huì)犯罪的commit a crime. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是每年真題必考題型，需要好好掌握otherwise的用法。選C

比如例句，?我父母借錢給我了。否則,我可付不起這次旅費(fèi)。這句話的真實(shí)情況是我父母給我錢了，所以真實(shí)情況是我付得起，（我可付不起這次旅費(fèi)）這句話需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示出來，

My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip. ?

couldn’t have done 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示本來做不了某事，但實(shí)際上做了。

?

14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.

A. blue hazy Virginia

B. hazy blue Virginia

C. Virginia hazy blue

D. Virginia blue hazy

【解析】本題考察形容詞修飾名詞的順序，弗吉尼亞藍(lán)色煙霧迷蒙的大山，英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，可以記住口訣“縣官行令色國(guó)材”縣（限定詞），官（觀點(diǎn)類的描述詞），行（形狀大?。睿挲g新舊），色（顏色），國(guó)（國(guó)籍、產(chǎn)地、來源），材（材料、質(zhì)地）這個(gè)。這個(gè)題目中出現(xiàn)了blue顏色類 hazy 煙霧迷蒙的 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)類 ?Virginia國(guó)家來源三個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)上面口訣，應(yīng)該是hazy blue Virginia，選B

?

15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.

A. the evil

B. evil

C. evils

D. an evil

【解析】本題考點(diǎn)the + adj表示一類人或者一類事情，選A 這句話原句出自于羅素《我為什么活著》I?long?to?alleviate?the?evil,but?i?cannot,and?i?too?suffer. ?我渴望能夠消除人世間的邪惡，可是力不從心，我自己也同樣遭受著它們的折磨。注意這里的the evil作者是想表示所有邪惡的事情，比如他在前文提到過的“壓迫 貧窮 譏諷 等等”感，感興趣的同學(xué)可以看看上下文Echoes of cries of pain reverberate?in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

痛苦的呼喚經(jīng)常在我心中回蕩，饑餓的兒童，被壓迫被折磨者，被兒女視為負(fù)擔(dān)的無助的老人以及充滿孤寂、貧窮和痛苦的整個(gè)世界，都是對(duì)人類應(yīng)有生活的嘲諷。我渴望減輕這些不幸，但是我無能為力，而且我自己也深受其害。

?

16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.

A. war

B. are war

C. of war

D. are of war

【解析】先積累一個(gè)句型 it is arguable that 句子表示“有證據(jù)表明，有道理說”，本題句意：可以說，足球?qū)τ谏眢w所造成的危害，就像戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成的殺戮和重傷一樣嚴(yán)重，簡(jiǎn)而言之，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就是A is the point of B, as C and D is （the point） of E. ?A對(duì)于B而言， 就像C,D對(duì)于E一樣，表示一種類比，本題考查將特殊結(jié)構(gòu)as用法和主謂一致結(jié)合考查，由于主語(yǔ)是killing and maiming所以用復(fù)數(shù)are of war選D。 這種表示“類比”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有，Just as dark cloud cannot long hide the sun, so no lies can cover up the fact.正如烏云遮不住太陽(yáng)，謊言也掩蓋不了事實(shí)。這句話的原句出自一篇國(guó)外文章， 原文如下：“Indeed,?it?is?arguable?that?body?shattering?is?the?very?point?of?football,?as?killing?and?maiming?are?of?war. (In?the?United?States,?for?example,?the?game?results?in?15?to?20?deaths?a?year?and?about?30,000?major?operations?on?knees?alone.)” 主要是在論證足球的危害。

?

17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.

A. its most basic

B. its basic

C. the most basic

D. the basic

?【解析】考查介詞固定搭配，at + one’s/its +形容詞最高級(jí)，表示“處于最。。。的狀態(tài)”

本題句意，從最簡(jiǎn)單的角度而言，攝影是一個(gè)化學(xué)過程，在此過程中，當(dāng)曝光時(shí)，光敏感的物質(zhì)會(huì)發(fā)生改變。答案選A

【例句拓展】The pain was at its worst in the late evenings. 在夜深時(shí)，這個(gè)痛感最強(qiáng)。

He was at his happiest whilst playing cricket. 玩板球時(shí)他最開心了。

Howards End is old fashioned film-making at its best.《霍華德莊園》是一部經(jīng)典的老派電影。

?

?

?

18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn”?is used __________.

A. to express an intended purpose

B. to indicate a high degree of possibility

C. to reveal an undesirable consequence

D. to dramatize a stated fact

?

【解析】她雇了一個(gè)律師調(diào)查，缺發(fā)現(xiàn)Gabriel居然把她的名字移除了?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鰻钫Z(yǔ)only to find/ know/ learn 表示一種意外，或者沒有想到的事情發(fā)生了（往往指不好的結(jié)果），選擇表示一種沒有想到的結(jié)果 選to reveal an undesirable consequence. 比如我來到教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)教室一個(gè)人都沒有。I came to the classroom, only to find that nobody is here.

?

19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?

A. I wonder what’s behind?this change of plan.

B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind?him.

C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.

D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.

【解析】考查修辭，選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)behind沒有比喻義，A 我想知道這計(jì)劃背后的意圖是什么，這里behind運(yùn)用了比喻，B Jim轉(zhuǎn)身去和站在他身后的人說話，這里behind是原本的意思，表示在某人或者物品的后面，表示一個(gè)物理距離， 沒有運(yùn)用比喻義。C 這份工作本應(yīng)該昨天完成的，但是我落后了。使用了比喻。D我覺得我很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)槲业母改缚偸窃谖疑砗笾С治?，這里的身后，不是爸爸媽媽天天站在你身后（這很嚇人），運(yùn)用了比喻義，表示父母一直陪伴我。選B

?

20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.

A. a hypothesis

B. a suggestion

C. a contradiction

D. a surprise

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，would have done，表示對(duì)過去事情的猜測(cè)，我母親致力于幫助那些需要幫助的人，她一定會(huì)對(duì)這20年來實(shí)現(xiàn)的成就非常自豪，這里表示推測(cè)，她會(huì)感到驕傲。是一種猜測(cè)和假設(shè)，選擇hypothesis. 選A

?

21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.

A. justice

B. testimony

C. trial

D. Verdict

【解析】考查詞匯，固定搭配sb be brought to justice. 將…繩之以法；把…緝拿歸案 If a criminal is brought to justice, he or she is punished for a crime by being arrested and tried in a court of law. 選A

They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice.他們要求將責(zé)任人緝拿歸案。

She'd need proof to bring Jason to justice.她需要有證據(jù)才能將賈森繩之以法。

【句意】當(dāng)毆打國(guó)王的盡管第一次被緝拿歸案時(shí)，警察的律師用錄像帶當(dāng)作證據(jù)反對(duì)控告方。

Prosecution 檢舉；告發(fā), 控方律師

【其他選項(xiàng)單詞擴(kuò)展】

testimony?證詞, ?？即钆?A is testimony to B?表示A表明B, A 證明 B

If you say that one thing is testimony to another, you mean that it shows clearly that the second thing has a particular quality.

This book is testimony to a very individual kind of courage. 名詞 be indicative of

這本書顯示了個(gè)人非凡的勇氣。

Her living room is also her office, filled with desks, books, papers, a testimony to her dedication to her work.(同位語(yǔ))

場(chǎng)景鋪墊特點(diǎn)。。。。

展示：show/display/exhibit / reveal/ is testimony to

她的客廳也是她的辦公室，里面擺滿了書桌、書籍和文件，充分證明了她的敬業(yè)精神。

Trial 審訊;審理;審判???？即钆?trial and error 反復(fù)試驗(yàn)
We discovered the ideal mix of paint by trial and error. 通過反復(fù)嘗試，我們調(diào)出了理想的漆色。

Verdict?（陪審團(tuán)或法官的）裁決，裁定，裁斷

?

?

22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.

A. Questionably

B. Arguably

C. Contentiously

D. Debatably

?

【解析】這一題跟2019年的真題幾乎一模一樣，大家需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注，考官似乎特別喜歡arguably這個(gè)詞，考查副詞用法，arguably, 后面跟上形容詞最高，表示 可以說;按理說

They are arguably?the most important band?since The Rolling Stones.

他們無疑是繼滾石之后最出色的樂隊(duì)。Arguably, 1932 was the year of greatest achievement at the Laboratories.

可以說1932年是該實(shí)驗(yàn)室最有收獲的一年。

Whether 主謂賓 is ?a contentious issue.

可以說2020年是最不尋常的一年。Arguably, 2020 is the most unusual year。

句子意思：可以說，作為最有爭(zhēng)議的候選人之一，由于他對(duì)女性的評(píng)價(jià)很粗魯，受到了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)。這里補(bǔ)充一下C選項(xiàng)contentious?表示有爭(zhēng)議的，可以在寫作中替換掉controversial

Abortion is a highly contentious issue. 墮胎是一個(gè)非常有爭(zhēng)議的課題。debatable有爭(zhēng)議的，It 's debatable whether a university degree helps at all.大學(xué)學(xué)位是否有用是一個(gè)具爭(zhēng)議的話題。

?

23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.

A. cut

B. buoy

C. offer

D. offset

?

【解析】物價(jià)最近在上漲以抵消掉不斷增加的原材料的成本，抵消offset選D.

發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話是牛津高階字典上的原句，專四出題老師超級(jí)超級(jí)喜歡用牛津高階字典上找到原句，然后把重點(diǎn)詞摳下來，讓大家去選，所以備考專四的同學(xué)沒事多看看牛津字典上的例句吧，說不定哪個(gè)題目就是你看到過的例句咧。

?

Buoy 表示浮起， ?The very salty water buoyed her (up) as she swam.她游泳時(shí)正是堿水使她漂浮了起來。 還表示鼓舞， 鼓勵(lì)She was buoyed (up) by the warm reception her audience gave her.觀眾們熱烈的歡迎使她倍受鼓舞。

?

?

24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”

A. recommendation

B. recording

C. recollection

D. recognition

?

【解析】這位名人在法庭上說她不記得自己給過任何人授權(quán)離婚。不記得have no recollection of sth ?Pat has vivid recollections of the trip. 帕特清清楚楚地記得那次旅行。I have no recollection of meeting her before.?我不記得以前見過她。選C

?

25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.

A. consists

B. constitutes

C. composes

D. constructs

?

【解析】解析：什么是一個(gè)好的角度，或者說什么是一張好的自拍，植根于我們所認(rèn)為的美當(dāng)中。選B

這里考官想考查“什么構(gòu)成了/是一個(gè)好的角度”這個(gè)構(gòu)成/組成/是對(duì)應(yīng)的是constitute 這里我會(huì)直接把constitute翻譯是“是”，這個(gè)考點(diǎn)在SAT文法真題中也考查，英文解釋constitute

V-LINK 連系動(dòng)詞被視為;可算作 If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing. 相當(dāng)于=be regarded as “是，當(dāng)作”看看下列例句幫助理解

?

?

最近的這次失敗是對(duì)政府的一次重挫。This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the government.?

怎樣算是虐待？ What constitutes abuse?

?

The vote hardly constitutes a victory.這次投票很難被視為一次勝利。

Consist在專四中一般考查 A consist of B??A 由B組成

Breakfast consisted of porridge served with butter.

早餐是麥片粥配佐餐黃油。?

A consist in B?在于;存在于

The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.乘飛機(jī)旅行的好處在于快捷、舒適。

For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.對(duì)她來說，幸福就是看電視和讀雜志。

Compose 常見用法是A is composed of B

Air is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

空氣主要由氮和氧組成。

The committee is composed of MPs, doctors, academics and members of the public.委員會(huì)由議員、醫(yī)生、學(xué)者和普通民眾組成。

?

26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.

A. final

B. further

C. supplementary

D. Extra

【解析】考查固定搭配 go the extra mile ：to make more effort than is expected of you 付出比別人期望中還要大的努力 He's a nice guy, always ready to go the extra mile for his friends.他是個(gè)好人，幫助朋友總是盡心盡力。

?

?

27. The teachers’ union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.

A. fired

B. filed

C. fined

D. filled

【解析】考場(chǎng)詞匯和固定搭配, 對(duì)某人發(fā)起訴訟file a lawsuit against 詞提起(訴訟);提出(投訴、請(qǐng)求等) If you file a formal or legal accusation, complaint, or request, you make it officially.

A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police.

他們中的許多人都對(duì)警方提出了正式控告。選B 常見搭配 to file for divorce 提交離婚申請(qǐng)書 to file a claim / complaint / petition / lawsuit ?提出索賠/申訴；呈交訴狀；提起訴訟

?

28. Last March the __________ of a 19th?century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.

A. debris

B. ruins

C. remains

D. wreck

【解析】考查名詞辨析 選D 考查Wreck 特指船等的殘骸。

1.?a ship that has sunk or that has been very badly damaged 沉船；嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀的船

2.?a car, plane, etc. that has been very badly damaged in an accident
?(事故中)遭嚴(yán)重毀壞的汽車(或飛機(jī)等):
?Two passengers are still trapped in the wreck. ?有兩名乘客仍被困在失事的車輛里。

這些動(dòng)詞均有“破壞，損壞”之意。
break → 普通用詞，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破壞，可指有形或無形的破壞。
destroy → 多指徹底地、毀滅性地破壞，含導(dǎo)致無用，不能或很難再修復(fù)的意味。
ruin → 多指因外部原因而受到嚴(yán)重破壞或毀滅，側(cè)重破壞的徹底性，也可用于引申意義。
wreck → 側(cè)重指船只、車輛、房屋等受到嚴(yán)重破壞或完全毀壞，也可指計(jì)劃、健康受到損害。
damage → 多指對(duì)無生命物體的損害，造成降低價(jià)值、破壞功能等后果。
spoil → 強(qiáng)調(diào)不僅會(huì)削弱力量、精力或價(jià)值，而且會(huì)導(dǎo)致不可避免的毀滅。

29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.

A. countless

B. countable

C. numerical

D. numeral

【解析】從紅毯到首映，她把她的設(shè)計(jì)帶到了各種場(chǎng)合。

She brought joy to countless people through her music.

她用音樂給無數(shù)的人帶來歡樂。

There are countless small ski areas dotted about the province.

該省內(nèi)遍布著許多小型滑雪場(chǎng)。

numeral=number 名詞 數(shù)字

numerical 數(shù)字的 a numerical calculation數(shù)字運(yùn)算

?

30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.

A. oceangoing

B. oceanic

C. marine

D. maritime

?

【解析】考查形容詞辨析，句意：一家主流的海事情報(bào)和運(yùn)營(yíng)公司發(fā)布了對(duì)海盜和針對(duì)海員犯罪的報(bào)告?？疾楸硎尽昂Ｑ蟮摹毙稳菰~，海事公司我們一般用maritime company, maritime 和人類活動(dòng)更加相關(guān)，英文解釋connected with human activity at sea 海運(yùn)的；航海的；海事的 Amalfi and Venice were important maritime powers.阿馬爾菲和威尼斯一度是重要的海事基地。Make sure you visit the maritime museum if you're interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring.如果你對(duì)艦船或航海感興趣，一定要參觀一下那家海事博物館。

?

?

而marine 常見搭配是海洋生物 marine life ?The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands.浮油嚴(yán)重威脅著島嶼周圍的海洋生物。

Oceanic relating to oceans 大洋的，海洋的

oceanic crust/plates海洋地殼／板塊

?

1.ADJ 形容詞遠(yuǎn)洋航行的；遠(yuǎn)洋的 Ocean-going ships are designed for travelling on the sea rather than on rivers, canals, or lakes.

At the height of his shipping career he owned about 60 ocean-going vessels.

他在航運(yùn)事業(yè)的巔峰時(shí)期擁有將近60艘遠(yuǎn)洋輪船。