稍微辯識了一下教授講的英文，如果有想要跟視頻中文字幕對照的可以康康，不過畢竟是口述和盲聽的信息（而且俺也不是啥專業(yè)人士），錯誤還是挺多的（藍色字是很不確定很不確定的地方，別信），做個參考就好

“……for we have to face a reality, nobody would have imagine, not even the pro sci-fi movie know the diversity of the planet system that we have detected, so the reality is way more diverse than anything we have in mind. We have this lava planet ,this frozen planet, this super earth, many Neptunes, this is the reality of the diversity of the planet divarication.”

In the 90s, for the very first time we demonstrated, using a new technique, that there are planet orbiting other stars.

We found a planet orbiting a star called [51 Pegasi].

That planet was about the mass of Jupiter.

Similar to our planet Jupiter, but had a very short orbit, was essentially very close to star, and then extremely hot.

This is what we called it the “hot Jupiter”, and it was a beginning of a long series of discoveries, and what we called right now The Exoplanet Revolution.

My name is Didier Queloz, I’m professor of physic at Cambridge University and ETH Zurich.

My main activity is to study planets orbiting other stars, try to understand how they look like, and eventually try to find out whether there may be some planets with lives as well.

Science is every where in the society, and we should take any opportunity to bring science into life of everybody.

When you have people interested by video games, if there is a little bit of a chance that through these video games, through these exercise of the gaming, and then I can sneak in, and with a couple of minutes of interaction could the video games and I can maybe suggest some ideas which is scientific relevant, bring a little bit more knowledge into the society.

Something which is great when you deal with what’s called planetary science is you can essentially expect everything.

We have learned in the past 30 years, that the diversity of the planets are way more and way larger that the ones we have experienced on the solar system.

And assuming that there are so many planets and so many stars in the universe, it’s very likely that there exit plenty of planets like they created for the game.

Jarilo-VI is the first planet you meet in Honkai: Star Rail, covered by hush hurricanes and snow.

The planet has been covered by snow for hundreds of years, snow almost killed the civilization there.

And people on the planet somehow managed to maintain the only one city with the help of a special energy.

When you talk about planet that is frosted, and we know that in the past of the Earth we may have encounter this special situation where the Earth was like a snowball.

When you dealing with a frozen planet, there is lot of possibilities.

First you have to realize that the gas, if you cool it down enough, like carbon dioxide will become icy and frost.

So its easy to consider a planet that would be seem as a gaseous planet, I mean cooling down enough and looking very very icy.

You konw it depends also of the amount of water you have on the planet, and whether you have big oceans, and whether you want to create a kind of a ice crust from this water.

Or you don’t have water at all, but you build up a kind of icy structure for the tiny gas that is transforming into solid because it’s very cold.

So what matter here is the temperature. You have to cool down the temperature so you should not get too close to the star, if you are too close to the star it doesn’t work.

But it also have to be careful about the structure of the atmosphere of the planet.

I take an example like Venus.

Venus is full of carbon dioxide, and that warmed the planet, it’s a green house effect.

Well if you removed this, and you can bring gas that is cooling the planet as well, and that happened on Earth:

the Earth had way more carbon dioxide in the past, because of the rise of life and a lot of production of oxygen, there was one of the big effect called “the Great Oxygenation Event”.

The whole atmosphere of Earth has been transformed, and at that time the temperature equilibrium was dramatically changed, and the Earth became what we called a snowball.

So it was exactly the kind of icy planet you will encounter in the game, and it was a result of a dramatic change of the nature of the atmosphere of the planet.

So you see there is so much possibilities you can play with, it depends really on the chemistry of the planet, on the structure of the planet, and then of course of the amount of energy which is radiating on the planet by the star.

So what has happened in the last 30 years is we have been expose to a diversity of the planetary system that no one would have imagine.

When you have a rocky planet, depending where the planet is sitting on its orbits, you have a different scenario on the surface of the planet.

Take the Earth, bring it closer to the Sun, you’re going to end up with one face of the Earth extremely hot, so hot that you would melt the continent.

So you end up with what we called the lava planet.

Now another case as you can imagine, you take the Earth and you make it much bigger, much bigger than the Earth, not one Earth mass, maybe five ten times of the mass of the Earth.

And you have a lot of carbon as well, so you have all these carbon on the planet, and then you have this higher mass.

Higher mass mean pressure, the more mass you have, the more pressure you have on the planet.

When you combine the carbon and the pressure, you create diamond, it’s exactly how you create diamond on Earth.

So this kind of very massive planet, you could imagine there should be full of diamond.

Astronomy is a wonderful topic for research, because we artist in a specific element, which is the universe.

And for our astrophysicists, universe is our lab.

And that’s a wonderful lab because that’s a lab that have so much possibilities way more than any lab you can imagine on Earth.

For example you can see through the time, depending how far you look at look back in time.

You can look at object which are just impossible to reproduce like a black hole, which is an infinite point where everything is attracted.

We can look at object that are extremely hot, at a temperature you will never think about it.

You can look at energy event which is unique like a supernova, again and again and again.

So you are looking at what called the extreme boundary of the Physic, the coolest, the biggest, the smallest, anything you can get into the universe, that’s wonderful.

Possibly one of the biggest questions of the human kind is: is there any life outside the Solar System?

Fermi Paradox was half a joke when Enrico Fermi said: well if there is plenty of life in the universe so why don’t we see it?

And actually this question is every profound in it’s meaning, it implied that life has to develop and to be able to travel between stars and galaxies.

Maybe we are not able to see it.

So if there is no life travelling between galaxies, it means that maybe there’s a possibility that when life develop the capability to do it, it just stopped.

Just looking at the thermonuclear weapon we have on Earth right now, we have not the capability to travel between stars, but are we going to survive until we are reaching that stage?

And that is what is behind really the Fermi Paradox.

The life maybe common in term of being started on other stars, but the development of life leading to a species that would be able to lift off from this planet maybe extremely rare.

And think about our stories, without these big asteroids falling on Earth, maybe this planet would be still populated by dinosaurs.

And whether the dinosaurs could have been evolving and go to the moon, is not sure.

Maybe it’s very rare, maybe we are the only life entity with the awareness of the knowledge of the universe in this galaxy.

So it’s also something to think about it and we need to cherish our situation or extreme situation of our responsibility on that matter.

So I think this Fermi Paradox is interesting in term of philosophical sense because it asked a question of the meaning of all civilizations and the destiny of all civilizations.

At the same time, it demonstrates how beautiful is our destiny to be able to ask the question already.

So whether we will one day get the answer?

I don’t know, I tend to be optimistic and to be a believer to the kindness of human kind.

But we still have to face serious challenging as a global entity, because we have only one place to live, is this planet, nowhere else.

And we should really, as a global populations, better learn how to address it together, to use it wisely, if one day we want to have any hope of all species to travel to other stars.