紅色：主句主干? 藍(lán)色：從句主干 ?黃色：從句連詞、關(guān)系代詞? 灰色：插入語(yǔ)、例句? 粉色：同位語(yǔ)? 綠色：長(zhǎng)難句分析? 紫色：詞根詞綴?? （）：修飾成分，包括定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等? 下劃線：詞匯詞組?? 高亮：連詞

思考題

• 疫情表達(dá)分類(lèi)積累
• 形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)/嚴(yán)峻、政府態(tài)度、應(yīng)對(duì)措施、各種目的和作用

Living with Covid-19 requires caution, not complacency

與新冠共存需要謹(jǐn)慎，而不是自鳴得意

Governments need to plan now (for what could be a tough autumn)

政府現(xiàn)在需要為可能形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻的秋天做好計(jì)劃

• live with sb. 和某人一起生活

live with sth. 容忍

= put up with = tolerate

• caution n. 小心，謹(jǐn)慎
• complacency n. 自鳴得意

complacent a. 自滿的

Summer is beckoning (for many) and with it the lure of breaks, possibly abroad, (for the first time) since the pandemic struck (in 2020).

對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)夏天正在向我們招手，隨著夏天而來(lái)的還有度假的誘惑，而且很可能是出國(guó)度假。自2020年疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái)，這樣的現(xiàn)象還是第一次出現(xiàn)。

with it the lure of breaks中的it指代summer，意為“隨著夏天而來(lái)的還有度假的誘惑”；灰色部分的插入語(yǔ)修飾breaks，說(shuō)明“度假很有可能是在國(guó)外進(jìn)行”。

• beckon v. 招手示意；吸引，誘惑

The clear blue sea beckoned.

清澈蔚藍(lán)的大海令人向往。

• the lure of sth. ....的誘惑力
• break n. 休假

While we should enjoy this hard-won return to normality — or something that resembles it — this is no time for complacency: Covid-19 has not gone away.

雖然我們應(yīng)該享受這種來(lái)之不易的回歸常態(tài)（或看起來(lái)像是回歸了常態(tài)），但現(xiàn)在不是自滿的時(shí)候：Covid-19還沒(méi)有消失。

while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，破折號(hào)中間的插入語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明normality，其中有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。

• hard-won a. 辛苦得來(lái)的
• normality n. 正常狀態(tài)
• resemble vt. 看起來(lái)像

She closely resembles her sister.

她和她姐姐很像。

There is a consensus (among doctors and immunologists) that autumn could bring more virulent strains (on top of seasonal illnesses) that may heap pressure on national health systems.

醫(yī)生和免疫學(xué)家一致認(rèn)為，除了季節(jié)性疾病之外，秋季可能會(huì)帶來(lái)更多致命毒株，這可能會(huì)加劇國(guó)家醫(yī)療體系的壓力。

第一個(gè)從句是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明consensus，第二個(gè)從句是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾virulent strains。

• consensus n. 共識(shí)

consensus amoung sb. about / on sth.

• immunologists n. 免疫學(xué)家

immunology n. 免疫學(xué)

• virulent a. 致命的，惡性的
• strain n. 病毒類(lèi)型，動(dòng)植物品系
• on top of sth. 除了....之外

= in addition to sth.

He gets commission on top of his salary.

他除了薪水之外還拿傭金。

• heap A on B 在B上堆放A

Now is the time for governments (around the world), (distracted by the cost of living crisis), to plan their responses.

對(duì)因生活費(fèi)用危機(jī)而轉(zhuǎn)移了注意力的世界各國(guó)政府來(lái)說(shuō)，是時(shí)候制定應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)劃了。

句子主干是Now is the time for s to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

• distract vt. 使分心

distract sb./sth. from sth.

• cost of living n. 生活費(fèi)用

段落大意：

疫情尚未結(jié)束，各國(guó)政府仍需做好準(zhǔn)備。

Surges (in hospitalisations) (in countries (including Portugal, the UK and Germany) — driven by new sub-variants of the highly infectious Omicron strain — are a nasty reminder of the need for vigilance.

在高傳染性?shī)W密克戎毒株次變種的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，包括葡萄牙、英國(guó)和德國(guó)在內(nèi)的國(guó)家住院人數(shù)激增，這一糟糕的事實(shí)提醒人們需要保持警惕。

黑色部分修飾hospitalisations；灰色部分是插入語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾surges，說(shuō)明住院人數(shù)激增的原因。

• hospitalisations n. 住院

hospitalise vt. 送某人入院治療

• sub-variants n. 次變種

variant n. 變種

• infectious a. 有傳染力的
• nasty a. 令人不悅的，極差的
• vigilance n. 警惕，警戒

Globally, the number of Covid-related deaths is about a sixth of what it was (six months ago) but 7,843 people still died (last week), including 1,640 in the US.

在全球范圍內(nèi)，新冠病毒相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)約為六個(gè)月前的六分之一，但上周仍有7843人死亡，其中包括美國(guó)的1640人。

Disparities (in access to vaccines) (between developed and poorer countries) are still glaring, and even within some rich countries.

發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和較貧窮國(guó)家在獲取疫苗方面的差異仍然很明顯，甚至在一些富裕國(guó)家之間也是如此。

• disparity n. （不公平的）差異

disparity in sth.

disparity between A and B

• access n. （使用或見(jiàn)到的機(jī)會(huì)）

access to sth.

• glaring a. 顯眼的，明顯的

While it would be foolhardy to announce victory over Covid, or pretend it does not exist, it is also right that we need to learn to live with it.

雖然宣布戰(zhàn)勝了新冠或假裝它不存在是愚蠢的，但我們需要學(xué)會(huì)與它共存。

while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，or連接并列的介詞短語(yǔ)to announce和to pretend，pretend后面是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句。

• foolhardy a. [貶]有勇無(wú)謀的
• the victory over/ against sth. /sb. 面對(duì)某人的勝利

There are sensible ways to do that (without resorting to draconian lockdowns).

有合理的方法可以做到這一點(diǎn)，而無(wú)需采取嚴(yán)厲的封鎖措施。

• sensible a. 明智的，合理的
• make sense 有道理
• resort to sth./ doing sth. 訴諸

The duke was prepared to resort to force if negotiation failed.

如果談判失敗，公爵將訴諸武力。

• draconian a. （法律等）嚴(yán)酷的

Draco 德拉古

段落大意：

仍有不少疫情相關(guān)的問(wèn)題需要解決，但可以探索更合理的解決方法。

The first is to retain apparatus set up (over the past two years).

一是保留過(guò)去兩年設(shè)置的儀器。

set up是過(guò)去分詞詞組做后置定語(yǔ)修飾apparatus。

• retain v. 保留
• apparatus n. 器械、儀器

Dismantling data collection and surveillance is a mistake.

廢除數(shù)據(jù)收集和監(jiān)測(cè)是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

• dismantlev. 拆除（設(shè)備）；逐漸廢除（制度/組織）
• surveillance n. 監(jiān)視

They were under constant close surveillance day and night.

他們?nèi)找共婚g斷地受到嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視。

Home testing and reporting of results has already fallen off a cliff (in many countries), which means it is likely that far more people have Covid (than currently reported).

在許多國(guó)家，居家檢測(cè)和上報(bào)的數(shù)量已經(jīng)大幅下跌，這意味著很可能感染新冠病毒的人數(shù)比目前報(bào)告的要多得多。

which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)句子，which指代逗號(hào)前的主句，即“居家檢測(cè)和上報(bào)的數(shù)量已經(jīng)大幅下跌”這件事；從句內(nèi)嵌套了一個(gè)It is +adj. that....的主語(yǔ)從句，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that指代it做真正的主語(yǔ)。

• fall off sth. 從某物上掉下來(lái)
• cliff n. 懸崖

It also limits the genomic sequencing that is vital for studying outbreaks and spotting new variants, some of which could mutate to become vaccine-resistant.

它還限制了對(duì)研究疫情爆發(fā)和發(fā)現(xiàn)新變體至關(guān)重要的基因組測(cè)序，其中一些新變體可能會(huì)發(fā)生突變因而對(duì)疫苗產(chǎn)生抗藥性。

that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾genomic sequencing，which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句修飾new variants。

• genomic sequencing 基因組測(cè)序

genome n. 基因組

sequencing n. （對(duì)基因的）排序

• outbreak n. （暴力、疾病等）爆發(fā)
• spot vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)
• mutate v. 突變
• -resistant 耐....的

heat-resistant 耐熱的

water-resistant 防水的

段落大意：

第一步應(yīng)該繼續(xù)保留監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備，以及時(shí)掌握疫情狀況、加深對(duì)病毒的了解。

The second step is to map out booster campaigns (for the autumn), when populations’ immune protection (from the last round of jabs) will wane just as new variants are predicted to take hold.

第二步是為秋季規(guī)劃加強(qiáng)針宣傳活動(dòng)，屆時(shí)上一輪疫苗的免疫保護(hù)作用將減弱，同時(shí)新的變種預(yù)計(jì)將會(huì)流行起來(lái)。

主句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，to do不定式做表語(yǔ)。when和as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾autumn，共同說(shuō)明在秋天會(huì)出現(xiàn)說(shuō)明情況。

• map out sth. 精心策劃
• booster n. 加強(qiáng)針
• campaign n. （宣傳）活動(dòng)
• immune a. 免疫的
• jab n. [不正式]接種、預(yù)防針
• wane vi. 減弱；（月亮）虧
• take (a) hold 變得十分強(qiáng)大；完全取得控制

Governments will have to decide whether to restrict boosters to vulnerable groups — the UK has just widened preparations (for the booster (to be given to those over 50).

各國(guó)政府需要決定是否只有脆弱群體接受加強(qiáng)針的接種——英國(guó)剛剛擴(kuò)大了準(zhǔn)備工作，為50歲以上人群提供加強(qiáng)針。

• restrict sth. to sth. 限制，限定（數(shù)量、范圍等）（指將某物限定在一定范圍內(nèi)）
• preparations n. [復(fù)]準(zhǔn)備工作

We made preparations to move to new offices.

我們?yōu)榘嵝罗k公室做準(zhǔn)備。

This tactic is designed to reduce hospitalisations and deaths.

這種策略旨在減少住院和死亡人數(shù)。

But proponents (of diffuse vaccine rollouts) argue that jabs should be given more widely to try to lessen the economic and social damage lockdowns cause.

但廣泛推廣疫苗的支持者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該讓更多的人接種疫苗，以試圖減輕封鎖造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)損害。

lockdowns cause是修飾damage的定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which。

• proponents n. 擁護(hù)者，提倡者

= advocate

• diffuse a. 擴(kuò)散的

The organization is large and diffuse.

這個(gè)組織規(guī)模大、分布廣。

• rollout n. （新產(chǎn)品）推出市場(chǎng)

Governments could consider liberalising markets somewhat, allowing people (outside target groups) to pay for boosters, as they do (for flu jabs or travel shots).

政府可以考慮在一定程度上放開(kāi)市場(chǎng)，允許目標(biāo)群體以外的人自費(fèi)接種加強(qiáng)針，就像他們自費(fèi)接種流感疫苗或旅行疫苗一樣。

• liberalise vt. 使自由化
• somewhat ad. 稍微，有點(diǎn)

Things have changed somewhat since then.

從那時(shí)候起，情況就有些不一樣了。

• flu jab 流感疫苗
• travel shot 旅行疫苗

段落大意：

第二步要加強(qiáng)疫苗接種，政府可以考慮擴(kuò)大接種人群范圍，同時(shí)放開(kāi)自費(fèi)接種的市場(chǎng)。

There is also the question [of what vaccine to deploy], with evidence that those [developed earlier in the pandemic] are less efficient [at tackling the spread of Omicron] (although they do still confer protection [against severe illness]).

還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題是要部署什么疫苗，有證據(jù)表明，在疫情早期開(kāi)發(fā)的疫苗在應(yīng)對(duì)奧密克戎的傳播方面效率較低（盡管它們?nèi)匀豢梢葬槍?duì)重疾予以保護(hù)）。

黑色是伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示有....證據(jù)；that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和括號(hào)里as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明evidence，交代了早期疫苗的作用。

• deploy vt. 部署，利用

Forces were deployed at strategic locations.

軍隊(duì)已被部署在各個(gè)戰(zhàn)略位置

They are not always able to deploy this skill.

他們并不總能施展這一技巧。

• tackle vt. 處理，應(yīng)付
• confer vt. 授予

The International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities is due to vote (by the end of the month) on whether to allow variant-specific vaccines; the hope is that it will.

藥品監(jiān)管當(dāng)局國(guó)際聯(lián)盟將于本月底就是否允許使用針對(duì)奧密克戎變種的疫苗進(jìn)行投票； 我們希望投票可以通過(guò)。

并列的兩個(gè)分句都是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，第一個(gè)分句是sb is due to vote on sth.；第二個(gè)分句中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)成分，it指代第一個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)ICMRA，will = will allow。

• International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities 藥物管制當(dāng)局國(guó)際聯(lián)盟
• due a. 預(yù)期

be due to do sth.

Rose is due to start school in January.

羅斯一月份就要開(kāi)始上學(xué)了

• -specific 針對(duì)....的

Countries’ investment (in treatments (for Covid) should also be sustained, including in antivirals, which lessen the effects (for symptomatic patients) (if taken early on).

各國(guó)在新冠病毒治療上的投資也應(yīng)該持續(xù)下去，包括對(duì)抗病毒藥物的投資，如果及早服用抗病毒藥物，可以減輕對(duì)有癥狀患者的影響。

which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾antivirals，taken做后置定語(yǔ)修飾antivirals。

• sustain vt. 使保持
• antiviral n. 抗病毒藥物
• symptomatic a. 有癥狀的

asymptomatic a. 無(wú)癥狀的

段落大意：

要思考使用哪種疫苗更有效，以及是否使用針對(duì)特定變種的疫苗。同時(shí)也要維持治療費(fèi)用的投入。

Moreover, seasonal flu could be far worse (this year) — an issue Australia and China are already grappling with — because pandemic restrictions mean people have been less exposed to all kinds of illnesses and are therefore less resilient.

此外，今年的季節(jié)性流感可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重得多——澳大利亞和中國(guó)已經(jīng)在努力解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題——因?yàn)橐咔榈南拗埔馕吨藗兘佑|各種疾病的機(jī)會(huì)更少，因此抵抗力變得更差。

紅色部分是句子主干；下劃線部分既是插入語(yǔ)又是主句的同位語(yǔ)，指代“今年的季節(jié)性流感可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重得多”這件事，an issue后面是省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中嵌套了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句（即mean之后到and之間的部分）。

• grapple with sth. 設(shè)法努力解決
• resilient a. 有抵抗力的

“Two-in-one” campaigns that encourage people to get both their Covid boosters and flu jabs, as Australia is launching, will be key this autumn.

正如澳大利亞正在發(fā)起的那樣，鼓勵(lì)人們同時(shí)接種新冠加強(qiáng)針和流感疫苗的“二合一”宣傳運(yùn)動(dòng)將成為今年秋季的關(guān)鍵。

• two-in-one 二合一

段落大意：

由于各種限制措施，人們季節(jié)性的流感的抵抗力變低，秋季可以同時(shí)加強(qiáng)新冠疫苗和流感疫苗的接種。

While restrictions can be jettisoned (this summer), the hard lessons (of the past two years) should not be.

盡管今年夏天可以取消各種限制措施，但過(guò)去兩年的慘痛教訓(xùn)不應(yīng)該被無(wú)視。

• jettison vt. 放棄（想法、計(jì)劃等）

The scheme was jettisoned.

方案被放棄了。

Covid-19 may have been displaced (in headlines, governments’ priorities and the public consciousness), but out of sight should not mean out of mind.

新冠疫情可能在新聞?lì)^條、政府的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)和公眾意識(shí)中被取代，但“眼不見(jiàn)”不代表“心不想”。

• displace vt. 取代，替代
• priority n. 優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)
• consciousness n. 意識(shí)
• out of sight, out of mind 眼不見(jiàn)，心不想

▲ 疫情現(xiàn)狀相關(guān)：

? 疫情有所減緩：hard-won return to normality

? 疫情對(duì)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的壓力：heap pressure on national health systems

? 疫情相關(guān)住院人數(shù)：surges in hospitalisations driven by new sub-variants of the highly infectious Omicron strain

? 疫情相關(guān)死亡人數(shù)：the number of Covid-related deaths

? 國(guó)家之間的疫苗不平等：disparities in access to vaccines between developed and poorer countries

? 流感與新冠的聯(lián)系：seasonal flu could be far worse，because pandemic restrictions mean people have been less exposed to all kinds of illnesses and are therefore less resilient.

▲ 疫情監(jiān)控：

? 疫情數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)的作用：study outbreaks（研究爆發(fā)）、spot new variants（發(fā)現(xiàn)新變種）、mutate（v. 突變）、vaccine-resistant（對(duì)疫苗有抗藥性的）

▲ 抗疫態(tài)度：

? 應(yīng)對(duì)疫情的態(tài)度：

living with Covid requires caution，not complacency.

vigilance;

It would be foolhardy to announce victory over Covid, or pretend it does not exist, it is also right that we need to learn to live with it.

the hard lessons of the past two years should not be jettisoned

out of sight should not mean out of mind

▲ 疫苗與藥物：

? 加強(qiáng)針的作用：immune protection

? 推廣加強(qiáng)針的目的：

reduce hospitalisations and deaths

lessen the economic and social damage lockdowns cause

? 推廣加強(qiáng)針的方法：

map out booster campaigns

restrict boosters to vulnerable groups

widen preparations for the boosters to be given to those over 50

liberalising markets somewhat，allowing people outside target groups to pay for boosters

? 疫苗的有效性：

be less efficient at tackling the spread of Omicron

confer protection against severe illness;

? 投資治療藥物的作用：lessen the effects for symptoms patients of taken early on