Chained to tradition

被“傳統(tǒng)”束縛著

Thousands of children are abused in Senegal’s religious schools

塞內(nèi)加爾數(shù)千名兒童在ZJ學(xué)校受到ND

Their parents sent them to learn the Koran. Their teachers beat and starve them

他們的父母送他們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)GLJ。他們的老師毆打他們，令他們挨餓

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MBAR LIFTS up his trousers and points at the marks where the chains wore his skin away. He was 11 when his father sent him from his village to a religious school on the outskirts of Senegal’s holy city of Touba. His teacher made him recite passages from the Koran in the morning. Then Mbar (not his real name) was sent out to the streets to beg for money for his master until night fell. If he misbehaved, he was beaten or starved.

MBAR提起他的褲子，指著他皮膚上被鏈子磨掉的痕跡。他11歲時，父親把他從村里送到塞內(nèi)加爾圣城圖巴郊區(qū)的一所ZJ學(xué)校。他的老師讓他早晨背誦《GLJ》中的段落。然后Mbar(不是他的真名)被送到街上為他的主人討錢，直到夜幕降臨。如果他行為不端，就會挨打或挨餓。

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After two years Mbar ran home. But his father sent him to another school. This time he was not made to beg. Instead, he was chained to a wall. “I couldn’t move. They used to bring me a bucket to pee in,” says Mbar, in a cracked voice.

兩年后，Mbar跑回家。但是他的父親送他去了另一所學(xué)校。這一次，他不是被迫乞討的。相反，他被拴在墻上?！拔覄訌棽坏?。他們過去常常給我?guī)б粋€水桶來小便，”Mbar用沙啞的聲音說。

詞匯

Cracked/聲音嘶啞的

Senegal is one of Africa’s more successful countries. It is peaceful. Its government functions relatively well and the economy is growing at 7% a year. But along the old boulevards of Dakar, the capital, thousands of talibé—the “seekers” attending nearby religious schools—beg for change. Some boys are as young as four. Many families send their sons to such schools, or daaras, where they memorise the Koran. Some do so for religious reasons but, for many, daaras offer the only opportunity for children to get a basic education.

塞內(nèi)加爾是非洲比較成功的國家之一。它是和平的。ZF運行相對良好，經(jīng)濟以每年7%的速度增長。但是在首都達喀爾的老林蔭大道上，成千上萬的TLB——在附近ZJ學(xué)校上學(xué)的“尋求者”——乞求改變。有些男孩才四歲。許多家庭把他們的兒子送到這樣的學(xué)校，或daara，在那里他們學(xué)習(xí)GLJ。有些人這樣做是出于ZJ原因，但對許多人來說，daara為孩子們提供了接受基礎(chǔ)教育的唯一機會。

詞匯

Boulevard/林蔭大道；大馬路

Daara/

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Many marabouts, or religious teachers, respect children’s rights. And begging has long been accepted as a way of teaching talibés humility and funding their education.

許多馬約人或ZJ教師尊重兒童的權(quán)利。長期以來，乞討一直被認(rèn)為是教導(dǎo)TLB謙卑和資助他們教育的一種方式。

But the system is almost completely unregulated, and rackets flourish. A new report by PPDH, a coalition of Senegalese rights groups, and Human Rights Watch in New York, documents some of the abuse suffered by the estimated 100,000 children who are forced to beg.

但這一體系幾乎完全不受監(jiān)管，由此衍生的詐騙“生意興隆”。由塞內(nèi)加爾人權(quán)團體聯(lián)盟PPDH和紐約人權(quán)觀察組織聯(lián)合發(fā)布的一份新報告記錄了大約10萬名被迫乞討的兒童所遭受的ND情況。

詞匯

Racket/詐騙；勒索

Isolated and far from home, dozens of boys sleep in filthy rooms. They are given just enough food to survive. If they fail to meet their begging quota of about $1 per day, or try to escape, they may be beaten, starved or chained for weeks at a time. Many are sexually abused. According to a psychologist at Samu Social, a centre working with boys in Dakar, many children try to kill themselves or hurt themselves deliberately so they will need medical attention and can get out of the daaras. From 2017 to 2018, researchers recorded at least 16 incidents in which children died from beatings, neglect or poor conditions.

由于與世隔絕，離家很遠，幾十個男孩睡在骯臟的房間里。它們的食物只夠生存。如果他們不能達到每天1美元的乞討配額，或者試圖逃跑，他們可能會挨打、挨餓或被鏈子鎖上幾個星期。許多人遭受性ND。據(jù)達喀爾一個與男孩合作的中心Samu Social的一位心理學(xué)家說，許多孩子試圖自殺或故意傷害自己，這樣他們就需要醫(yī)療照顧，可以離開daaras。從2017年到2018年，研究人員記錄了至少16起兒童死于毆打、忽視或惡劣環(huán)境的事件。

詞匯

Filthy/骯臟的；污穢的

Quota/配額；定額

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Suffer the little children

讓孩子們受苦

Most of the boys come from farms or villages in Senegal, but some are also trafficked from the Gambia, Guinea Bissau and Mali. Agents go to rural areas and promise parents that the boys will study at the best religious schools in Senegal. The costs for the traffickers are minimal. They pay border guards about $1 a child to smuggle them in from Gambia, says Issa Kouyaté, who runs Maison de la Gare, a talibé shelter in Saint-Louis, a city in northern Senegal.

大多數(shù)男孩來自塞內(nèi)加爾的農(nóng)場或村莊，但也有一些是從岡比亞、幾內(nèi)亞比紹和馬里走私來的。中介機構(gòu)前往農(nóng)村地區(qū)，向父母承諾，這些男孩將在塞內(nèi)加爾最好的ZJ學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)（學(xué)校學(xué)生來源1）。人口販子的成本是最低的。在塞內(nèi)加爾北部城市圣路易經(jīng)營著一家名為Maison de la Gare的TLB庇護所的Issa Kouyate說，他們大約按每個小孩1美元付給邊境警衛(wèi)，以方便讓他們將孩子們從岡比亞偷運進來（學(xué)校學(xué)生來源2）。

詞匯

Trafficked/這里引申為“走私”

Smuggle/走私；偷運

Trafficker/販子；商人；從事違法勾當(dāng)者

Government officials have repeatedly pledged to deal with the problem, but their attempts have been half-hearted. The daaras are powerful and the marabouts can influence the way people vote in elections. Politicians compete for their support.

ZF官員多次承諾要解決這個問題，但他們的努力都是半心半意的。daara勢力強大，一些隱士可以影響人們在選舉中投票的方式。政客們競相爭取他們的支持。

詞匯

Marabout/ ?隱士（這里應(yīng)該指代政客，在當(dāng)?shù)爻蔀镸arabout）；伊斯蘭教隱士的墳

In 2013 a law setting minimum standards for daaras was drafted. It has yet to be passed by parliament. In 2016 President Macky Sall spoke about taking the children off the streets and jailing those who forced them to beg. But official figures show that only about 300 children were helped in 2018. Children often beg openly outside police stations. The marabouts who abuse them rarely face justice.

2013年，ZF制定了針對daara最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律。該法案尚未在議會獲得通過。2016年，總統(tǒng)麥基·薩爾(Macky Sall)談到要把孩子們從街頭帶走，并把那些強迫他們乞討的人關(guān)進監(jiān)獄。但官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018年只有大約300名兒童得到幫助。孩子們經(jīng)常在警察局外面公開乞討。濫用職權(quán)的馬約人很少會受到法律的制裁。

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All this may be storing up trouble for Senegal. “You have a large population of impoverished, abused children, isolated away from their families. I can’t think of a more perfect target population for criminals,” says Jeffrey Bawa of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, a UN agency, adding that the boys were also likely to be future targets for jihadist recruiters.

所有這些都可能給塞內(nèi)加爾帶來麻煩?！斑@里有大量貧困、受ND的兒童，他們與家人隔絕。我想不出比這更適合罪犯的目標(biāo)人群了。” 聯(lián)合國DP和犯罪辦公室的杰弗里·巴瓦說道，他補充說，這些男孩將來也可能成為SZ組織招募人員的目標(biāo)。

詞匯

Impoverished/窮困的

Jihadist/SZ主義者

Mbar was chained to the wall for a month. An older, stronger boy kept the keys for the chains in his robe and disciplined the children when the marabout was away. One night he left his robe on the floor near Mbar, who found the keys and unlocked himself from the wall. He couldn’t find the key for the chains around his ankles but it was enough. He jumped out of the window. Strangers helped him out of his chains and took him to a shelter in Dakar. After almost a year of eating good food, he is beginning to grow again and dreams of becoming a footballer.

Mbar被鎖在墻上一個月。一個更大、更強壯的男孩把鑰匙放在袍子里，當(dāng)隱士不在時，他就管教孩子們。一天晚上，他把長袍落在Mbar附近的地板上，Mbar發(fā)現(xiàn)了鑰匙，從墻上打開了鎖。他找不到腳鐐的鑰匙，但這已經(jīng)足夠了。他從窗戶跳了出去。陌生人幫助他掙脫枷鎖，把他帶到達喀爾的一個避難所。在吃了將近一年的美食之后，他開始重新成長，并夢想成為一名足球運動員。

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