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先看題：

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 【W(wǎng)HY】

2. Which of the following best characterizes the organization of the passage as a whole??【HOW】

3. According to the passage, Farmer?concedes?that endothermy provides an explanation for which of the following?features shared?by birds and mammals??【W(wǎng)HAT】

文章講解：

①Many researchers attribute the large number of physiological and behavioral similarities between birds and mammals, which have separate evolutionary histories, to endothermy (a thermoregulatory strategy whereby warm body temperature is maintained through internal heat sources). ②However, Farmer argues that parental care rather than endothermy is the key to understanding the similarities between mammals and birds. ③According to Farmer, while endothermy provides an explanation for a few similarities, such as the presence of body insulation, endothermy is just one characteristic among many related to parental care. ④The two purported advantages of endothermy that have been most frequently cited by researchers are an expanded range of inhabitable environments and the ability to sustain vigorous exercise. ⑤But metabolism has to increase substantially (at great energy cost) therefore conferring any significant thermoregulatory advantage in terms of the former, and there is no causal biological linkage to explain why endothermy would be essential to sustain exercise. ⑥Farmer argues instead that endothermy evolved as a means to control incubation temperature and that the ability to sustain exercise evolved separately, as a means to improve a parent’s ability to forage and?provision?its young.?

provision 供應食物及必需品

文章論證框架：

①Many researchers attribute?the large number of physiological and behavioral similarities between birds and mammals, which have separate evolutionary histories, to endothermy?(a thermoregulatory strategy whereby warm body temperature is maintained through internal heat sources). ②However, Farmer argues that parental care rather than endothermy is the key?to understanding the similarities between mammals and birds. ③According to Farmer, while endothermy?provides an explanation for a few similarities, such as the presence of body insulation, endothermy is just one characteristic?among many related to parental care. ④The two purported advantages of endothermy?that have been most frequently cited by researchers are an expanded range of inhabitable environments and the ability to sustain vigorous exercise. ⑤But?metabolism has to increase substantially (at great energy cost) therefore conferring any significant thermoregulatory advantage in terms of the former, and there is no causal biological linkage to explain why endothermy would be essential to sustain exercise. ⑥Farmer argues instead that?endothermy evolved as a means to control incubation temperature and that the ability to sustain exercise evolved separately, as a means to improve a parent’s ability to forage and provision its young.

① ? ②

? ? ? ? ? ↓

? ? ? ???③

? ? ? ? ? ↓

? ? ? ?? ④ ? ⑤ ??⑥

新老對比

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 【W(wǎng)HY】

A. present a scientific theory that challenges a widely held theory?符合，新老對比

B. summarize the?basis?for a large body of scientific research RE/沒有證據(jù)

C.?defend?an established scientific theory in light of recent criticism 相反，立駁顛倒

D. express skepticism about the?results?obtained by a particular researcher 沒有證據(jù)/相反

E.?compare?the results of two particular scientific studies 說明文，NE

in (the) light of (something)

Considering?(something);?given?(something.?Typically?refers?to?a?new?revelation?or?piece?of?information?that?affects?some?situation.

2. Which of the following best characterizes the organization of the passage as a whole??【HOW】

A. A position is noted, an alternative?to that position is introduced, and then several points in support of the alternative?are discussed.?符合

B. A theory is discussed, an?inconsistency?within that theory isillustrated, and then a?recommendation?is made for?further inquiry.沒有證據(jù)

C. Certain?research results?are described, the significance of thoseresults is explained, and then a novel interpretation of those results issummarized.?沒有證據(jù)/相反

D. A?question?is posed, a possible answer to that question is suggested,and then?evidence?is provided to corroborate that answer.?沒有證據(jù)/相反

E. A?debate?is outlined, contrasting viewpoints within the debate arediscussed, and then one viewpoint is demonstrated to be correct.?沒有證據(jù)，上來是個觀點，沒有爭論

3. According to the passage, Farmer?concedes?that endothermy provides an explanation for which of the following?features shared?by birds and mammals??【W(wǎng)HAT】

定位在②，解題在③

A. The ability to forage NE/IR

B. The ability to sustain exercise NE/IR

C. The instinct to care for offspring NE

D. Flexibility in habitat usage?NE/IR

E. Body insulation?