四級寫作? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

??CET_4 Writing—評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

It was the morning of April 6th, 2003. At about 7:30, I went to school by bike as usual. It was a rainy day and the road was slippery. On the way, I noticed a boy riding in front of me, talking loudly with his friends. He didn’t wear a raincoat; instead he held an umbrella in one hand, and rode with another hand.?（14分）

?

I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the road. Then, with a big sound, the accident happened. The red car stopped suddenly on the road so that the driver of following car couldn’t respond immediately. The back of the red car was badly damaged, but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.（11分）

The yellow car involved in the accident was running at a high speed along the right-hand when it happened. Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction. There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.(8分）

內(nèi)容不跑題即可，注意：

1.不要妄圖以情動(dòng)人；

2.不要妄圖在構(gòu)思上出奇制勝。

結(jié)構(gòu)上牢記總分總：

先寫主題句(Topic Sentence)，再寫分論點(diǎn)，

最后寫總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。

語言最重要，往往使評分產(chǎn)生重大差異，語言要模仿和包裝。

?

1?、主謂一致

?It not only relieves the burden on the big city, but also provide a much better environment for people to live in.One serious problem human beings are faced with are how to use our natural resources economically.

2、 連接詞用法不當(dāng)

Although an opportunity is rare, but we must be ready to seize it.when people try to attain high speed by using cars and buses, and this creates new problems.Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton, some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.

3、主謂不齊全/多謂語

Many people who get married before they are mature enough .There are many people take part in sports and games now.As we all know what haste caused in the 1960s and 1970s in China.

4、時(shí)態(tài)的誤用

?1 second, people nowadays are paying to the structure of their diet.

?2 Electric power helped us to develop at a faster speed than ever before, and it will certainly help our society to move ahead in future.

5、修飾成分主語應(yīng)與主句主語一致

By reading the directions carefully, some mistakes in the examination could have been avoided.

Crossing the bridge, our university campus came in sight.

6、句式單一

I think two factors caused this problem. First, I think the government did not know its importance and did not put enough stress on preventing it. Second, I think economic incentive is an important factor for people to risk their lives. Do you think so?

?

豐富句式的方式

1) ?定語從句?(限定性和非限定性)

???There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

2)?狀語從句?(時(shí)間，原因，地點(diǎn)，條件，讓步等)

??When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.Whatever the reason is, there are still some problems with student use of computers.

3)?分詞短語做定語或狀語

???Mr. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture ?on how to prepare for the CET Band-4

4)?強(qiáng)調(diào)句??

5)?倒裝句

　 ?Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.

7) What句型

???We totally agree with what you have just said.

8)?設(shè)問句

???Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

詞語的選擇

30個(gè)常用替換詞

許多大學(xué)生沉迷于打游戲、戀愛或者在宿舍打發(fā)無聊的時(shí)光，結(jié)果當(dāng)畢業(yè)臨近時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的成績一塌糊涂。

?An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games，enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation?，as a result，they find their academic records are less impressive.

代替?people?，persons：individuals，characters，folks

代替?good：positive，favorable，rosy，promising?，perfect，

?????????pleasurable?，excellent，outstanding

代替?bad：dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse

reap huge fruits代替get much benefit。

for my part，from my own perspective代替in my opinion。

increasing(ly)，growing代替more and more

eg. Sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

little if anything，或little or nothing代替hardly。

beneficial rewarding代替helpful be beneficial of。

shopper，client，consumer，purchaser，代替customer。

exceedingly，extremely代替very。

hardly unnecessary，hardly inevitable ...代替necessary，inevitable。

sth appeals to sb，sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb代替sb take interest in。

capture one's attention代替attract one's attention

be indicative of?，be suggesteive of?，be fearful of代indicate，

suggest?，fear。

give rise to，lead to，result in，trigger代替cause。

There are several reasons behind sth代替..reasons for sth。

desire代替want。

pour attention into代替pay attention to

bear in mind that代替remember。

enjoy，?possess代替have。

interaction代替communication。

frown on sth代替be against?，disagree with sth。

文章類型和行文思路

I、對比觀點(diǎn)選擇題

（1）.有人認(rèn)為……； （2）.另外一些人認(rèn)為……； ?

（3）.談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)和看法。（最好寫成4段）

實(shí)例二?99年6月真題

Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

Outline:

1.?有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇

2.?有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書 ??3.?我的想法

（啟）Paragraph ??I：（1）引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點(diǎn)； ?

（2）簡明扼要的提出人們在這個(gè)問題上的兩種不同看法。

Score: 14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone

?has his own view.（啟）

注：第一句提出問題，第二句提出兩種見解

典型的對比觀點(diǎn)選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：

(承）Paragraph ?II：（1）提出一種觀點(diǎn)或優(yōu)點(diǎn)；

（2）本段的支持性分論點(diǎn)；（3）本段總結(jié)（可以省略）。

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.

Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）

注：1.?本段總分總結(jié)構(gòu) ??2. they argue that = they think that

?3. with the development of...?隨著……的發(fā)展

4.?what's more?遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，moreover ?5. bad = pornographic?色情的?& violent?暴力的

典型的對比觀點(diǎn)選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：（轉(zhuǎn)）Paragraph III：

（1）承上啟下的過渡句； （2）提出另一種觀點(diǎn)或缺；

（3）本段的支持性分論點(diǎn) （4）本段總（可以省略）。

But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（轉(zhuǎn)）

注：1. But?轉(zhuǎn)折詞（信號詞）

????????2. they emphasize that = they think that

????????3. today's society is not what it was?現(xiàn)代社會今昔非比

????????4.?許多知識?a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge；獲取知識?acquire/ get knowledge

????????5. knows nothing→little；he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society?后者比前者更委婉

選擇性觀點(diǎn)的變體的文章寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：

Paragraph ?I:

（1）引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點(diǎn)；

（2）簡明扼要的提出人們在這個(gè)問題上的兩種不同看法

Paragraph ?II:

（1）提出作者觀點(diǎn)（本文主題句）；

（2）舉例加以論證。

Paragraph III:

（1）總結(jié)全文（再次強(qiáng)調(diào)作者觀點(diǎn)）

II、社會熱點(diǎn)話題寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)

Paragraph 1:

?(1)?概括性的引出要評論的事物或觀點(diǎn)（general）；

?(2)?具體描述這個(gè)事物或者觀點(diǎn)（或者是我對這個(gè)現(xiàn)象/?事物的基本

?????看法specific）。

Paragraph 2:

?(1)?作者對該現(xiàn)象貨問題的基本看法，即文章的論點(diǎn)句；

?(2)?支持性的細(xì)節(jié)分論點(diǎn)（至少兩點(diǎn)）；

?(3)?本段總結(jié)（可以省略）。

Paragraph 3:

?(1)?總結(jié)全文，定下結(jié)論（通常為我的對策或看法）。

?

四級作文試題2000年1月

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.?上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用（tuition and fees）可以通過多種途徑解決。

2.?哪種途徑適合我（說明理由）。

How I Finance My College Education

第一段：首先，應(yīng)該是用一種描述性的語言引出討論的重點(diǎn)：

Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees

for college students are?【more expensive】?much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.

第二段：有多種的方法，例如：1.向父母; ?2.銀行貸款 ?3.打工掙錢

第二段主題句：There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.

第二段分寫：

In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.

In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.

What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.

第三段：我所贊同的方法（闡述原因，為何不選其他的方法）。

Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.

For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.

For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.

In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.

Therefore /So /Hence,.....

使文章富有表現(xiàn)力的手段：

1、使用有難度的詞匯；

2、使用形容詞修飾名詞，用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子；

3、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；

4、使用倒裝句；(not only... but also...；only...)

5、盡可能地使用名詞，而不是習(xí)慣中的動(dòng)詞和形容詞。

III、圖表題（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）

圖表題的寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：

Paragraph I:

（1）概括描述圖表：趨勢描寫；

（2）具體描述圖表：必要數(shù)據(jù)支持（細(xì)節(jié)性）。

Paragraph II:

（1）提出自己理由和觀點(diǎn)（本段主題句）；

（2）細(xì)節(jié)性分論點(diǎn)（主要是原因，用于支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，至少兩點(diǎn)）。

Paragraph III:

（1）預(yù)測未來和提出解決方法；

（2）總結(jié)全文和表達(dá)作者自己III、圖表題（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）

圖表題的寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：

Paragraph I:

（1）概括描述圖表：趨勢描寫；

（2）具體描述圖表：必要數(shù)據(jù)支持（細(xì)節(jié)性）。

Paragraph II:

（1）提出自己理由和觀點(diǎn)（本段主題句）；

（2）細(xì)節(jié)性分論點(diǎn)（主要是原因，用于支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，至少兩點(diǎn)）。

Paragraph III:

（1）預(yù)測未來和提出解決方法；

（2）總結(jié)全文和表達(dá)作者自己觀點(diǎn)

Changes in People’s Diet

Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:

1. State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.

2. Give possible reasons for the changes.

3. Draw your own conclusion.

You should quote as few figures as possible.

【修改版】

?????As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.

There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.

In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.

圖表題的適用句型：

1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, ...

2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that ...

3. As can be shown in the table ...,

4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ...,

5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that ...

VI 1?信函寫作

語域選擇：正式和非正式

正式：使用禮貌表達(dá)，沒有縮略語，沒有省略

??????I would like you to come to my office to pick

??????up the ticket.

非正式：可以省略，可以縮寫

??????come to my office for a ticket.

正式：I would like to.

非正式：I’d like to ??

正式：I can not do that.

非正式：I can't ??do that.

格式

信件組成部分：稱呼、正文、落款

稱呼:

不認(rèn)識收信人：Dear Sir/Madam

??????????????To Whom It May Concern

認(rèn)識收信人：?Dear Ms. President

?????????????Dear Mr. Wang

?

格式:?結(jié)束語

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Yours sincerely,

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Li Ming

縮進(jìn)式：每段開頭空四個(gè)字母，段與段間不空行

Dear Bob,

??????I am writing to express my apology to you. Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. I was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.

?????Once again，I feel so sorry for any ?inconvenience caused. Please accept my apologies.

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Sincerely yours， ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Li Ming

齊頭式：每段開頭不空格?，段與段間空行

Dear Bob,

????I am writing to express my apology to you. Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible.

?Once again，I feel so sorry for any ?inconvenience ?caused. Please

?accept my apologies.

?Sincerely yours， ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?Li Ming

書信正文：寫作目的、具體內(nèi)容、感謝或期待

書信分類:

1?建議信 ????投訴信

2?申請信 ????推薦信

3?道歉信 ????感謝信 ????祝賀信 ??慰問信

4?辭職信

書信寫作的五點(diǎn)要求：

第一段：開門見山說意圖

第二段：咨詢/?建議及原因/感謝及原因/道歉及原因/。。。

第三段：表示感謝或是期待回復(fù)

51. Directions:

　　 ?Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

　　 ?Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use?“Li Ming”?instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

Dear Mr. Wang,

?????????I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editor for your magazine for the reason of myself.

?????????I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around me. But during the span of working here, I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more peaceful life, such as a teacher. And you know that I am not an outgoing girl. I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not really like.

?????????So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit. Please accept my apology.

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Yours sincerely,

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Li Ming

?2014熱門作文話題

1?環(huán)保

2?節(jié)約

3?就業(yè)

預(yù)測話題之一???電影電視對于人們的影響

??How do movies or television influence people’s behavior?

??Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

?

【范文】?The Influence of Television and Movies

?????????There is no doubt that watching television and movies can influence the way that people behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort of visual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be ignored.

???????One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters permit advertisements. Another way TV and the movies affect people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they watch. Those who watch news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people in the world possess great wealth and good looks. It may make them become dissatisfied with their own lives. Finally, perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or in the movies.

?????With the ever-increasing popularity of video entertainment, society must pay attention to these effects. Television and movies, while entertaining and informative, cannot take the place of real experience.

預(yù)測話題之二???自私與貪欲

??????Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: City Problems. You should write at least 120words .following the outline given below in Chinese:

　 ??　"Nowadays People Are Selfish and Greedy."Do You Agree or Disagree with This Point of View?

???????There is no doubt that some people are selfish and greedy. For example, some merchants sell their fake commodities at the market place for more profit. They are rich and want to be richer. There are also government officials who sell people's trust. Senior officials who take bribes by selling the power in their hands are not a few. Those people believe in the precept "Everyone for himself and the devil take the hind most."

??????However, the majority of people are neither selfish nor greedy. They contribute much and ask for little. Countless examples can be found around us, the PLA soldiers who sacrificed themselves for saving people's lives in fighting the disastrous floods and the warriors in white who risked their lives to save SARS victims being two of the most typical. Or, contrast to the selfish and corrupt official they are heroes, who set up glorious images for us.

??????The idea that nowadays people are selfish and greedy is probably attributed to the influence of the mass media which tend to over exaggerate the negative aspects of life.Many newspapers, particularly many local evening papers,and TV films play up nastiness by reporting and showing too much about violence and sex. A lot of books, too, portray selfishness and greed to seek sensational effect and economic profit.I wonder whether they are selfish and greedy, too?

預(yù)測話題之三???占座的問題

???????Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

??1)?很多大學(xué)里“占座”現(xiàn)象十分普遍

??2)?這種現(xiàn)象會帶來哪些影響

??3)?你對此的看法

????????We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.

??????Though most of students’?taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’?interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.

?????Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon?“reserving a seat”.

預(yù)測話題之四???各種圖表作文

???這類作文時(shí)，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

????審題時(shí)，除了要把握好圖表的表層信息外，?還要分析圖標(biāo)的深層含義，如原因、根源、可能的發(fā)展趨勢等。圖表中所提供的說明文字往往是問題的切入點(diǎn)，一定要仔細(xì)分析。

??描述數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)要抓住重點(diǎn)，為中心服務(wù)，不必面面俱到，切忌毫無目的地羅列圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)。如果數(shù)據(jù)較多，抓住圖表中的極端點(diǎn)（如最大或最小、最多或最少，最好或最差）和基本相同進(jìn)行描述。

?主題句應(yīng)明確，最好放在文章的開頭，這樣會使重點(diǎn)突出，主題明了

第一段：總體描述圖表，指明時(shí)間段，指出突出變化或不同

常用句型或短語：

As is clearly shown in the char/ table/graph, ___________

According to the figures given in the table/chart/graph, ____________

It can be seen from the table/chart/graph, _____________________.

The figures in the table/chart reflect that ________________.

especially, ________________（指出突出變化）

第二段：（分析原因）

There are several factors leading to this change / difference?……..

There are several reasons for _____________.(引出原因)

To begin with, _______(原因一)

In addition, ______________（原因二0

For example, _________（舉例說明）

Last but not the least, __________（原因三）

To sum up——————————————（簡要總結(jié)）

第三段：自己的觀點(diǎn)

?As for me, ____________

?On the one hand, ________

?on the other, ____

?In brief，_____________________.

數(shù)據(jù)變化常用句型

?表示逐句增長

??The number of?…. has grown steadily from?…?to…..in 2009.

????????????????has risen from?….

????????????????shows a tendency to increase

????????????????climbed

????????????????went sharply up

????????????????soared

????????????????tends to go up / increase

There was a rapid / sharp / dramatic / gradual / slow increase /

?rise in the number of?…. who…..

The number of?…. is on the rise / increase.

The increase of?…. has reached to?….

表示數(shù)據(jù)降低

The number of?…?dropped steadily from?…?to?…in 2008.

???????????????declined suddenly

???????????????fell

???????????????tends to go down

???????????????tendency to fall

???????????????shows a tendency to decrease

There was a sharp fall?…. in the number of?…?in 2008.

??????????gradual decrease

??????????sudden reduction

??????????slow decline

??????????drop?