紅色：主句主干??藍(lán)色：從句主干??黃色：從句連詞、關(guān)系代詞??灰色：插入語、例句??粉色：同位語??綠色：長(zhǎng)難句分析??紫色：詞根詞綴??（）：修飾成分，包括定語、狀語等??下劃線：詞匯詞組??高亮：連詞?

思考題

• 文科不受歡迎的原因是什么？
• 積累高等教育表達(dá)

Humanities degrees: ave atque vale

人文學(xué)科學(xué)位：向你致敬，再見

More often than not, arts graduates get less bang for their buck (than their more scientifically minded peers)

人文學(xué)科畢業(yè)生的收益通常比自然科學(xué)學(xué)科的同齡人更少

• humanities 人文學(xué)科 = (the) arts

science 自然科學(xué)學(xué)科

• ave atque vale /?ɑve? ?ɑtkwe? ?vɑle?/ [拉丁語]致敬，再見

=hail and farewell

• 更多英美大學(xué)常用的拉丁語詞匯：

alma mater 母校

alumnus 男校友

alumna 女校友

alumni 校友（復(fù)數(shù)）

summa cum laude 以三等優(yōu)異成績(jī)的第一等

• as/more often than not 通常
• (get) a bigger bang for your buck [習(xí)語]從自己的付出中得到回報(bào)
• minded a. 有.....頭腦

Humanities degrees are falling out of favour (in the UK).

人文學(xué)科在英國(guó)正在失寵。

• be out of favour (with sb.) 不再（受某人）追捧

This month, Sheffield Hallam University nixed its English Literature course, sparking an immediate backlash (from writers and others (in the arts world).

本月，謝菲爾德哈勒姆大學(xué)取消了其英語文學(xué)專業(yè)，立即引發(fā)了作家和藝術(shù)界其他人士的強(qiáng)烈抵制。

• nix vt. [非正式]否決，禁止
• course = course of study [英]專業(yè)
• spark vt. 引發(fā)，觸發(fā)

spark a backlash from sb. 引起某人的強(qiáng)烈抵制

• backlash n. 強(qiáng)烈抵制

backlash against sth. from db.

The University of Cumbria took similar steps last year.

坎布里亞大學(xué)去年也采取了類似措施。

Aston University’s languages programmes and modern languages (at Hull University) have also been cancelled.

阿斯頓大學(xué)的語言專業(yè)和赫爾大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代語言專業(yè)也被取消了。

• degree programme 學(xué)位課程組合

=a curriculum leading to the award of an academic degree

段落大意：

引出話題：英國(guó)的多所大學(xué)相繼取消人文專業(yè)，人文學(xué)科日漸失寵了。

This is odd (for a nation (governed by humanities graduates). It also seems financially ill-advised.

對(duì)于一個(gè)由人文學(xué)科畢業(yè)生統(tǒng)治的國(guó)家來說，這很奇怪。 這在財(cái)務(wù)上似乎也不明智。

• odd a. 奇怪的
• govern vt. 統(tǒng)治，管理
• graduate n.（大學(xué)）畢業(yè)生

undergraduate n. 本科生

postgraduate n. 研究生

• ill-advised a. 不明智的

You would be ill-advised to go out alone at night.

你晚上獨(dú)自出門很不明智。

Fees (for most British undergraduates) are a flat ￡9,250, regardless of the costs — or benefits — of the course.

大多數(shù)英國(guó)本科生的費(fèi)用是固定的9250英鎊，無論課程的成本或收益如何。

• flat a. （費(fèi)用）固定的

a flat rate of $X $X的統(tǒng)一價(jià)格

Clients are charged a flat rate of ￡250 annually.

向客戶統(tǒng)一收取250英鎊的年費(fèi)。

• regardless of 不管....

Degrees (in subjects (such as politics) are cheaper to provide (than those (involving fully furnished labs or state of the art computing power).

比起那些需要設(shè)備齊全的實(shí)驗(yàn)室或最先進(jìn)計(jì)算能力的學(xué)位，培養(yǎng)政治等學(xué)科的人文學(xué)科學(xué)位更便宜。

• furnished a. 配有家具的
• state of the art a. 最先進(jìn)的

state-of-the-art

• computing power 計(jì)算能力

段落大意：

無論從政治偏好還是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素上來說，大規(guī)模取消文科課程都不合理。

Government top-up funding reflects this discrepancy.

政府追加的補(bǔ)助資金反映了這種差異。

• top-up a. （為達(dá)到所需水平而）追加的錢款

top-up loans for students 為學(xué)生提供的追加貸款

top up sth. 補(bǔ)足，充值

• high needs schools /students
• discrepancy n. （原本應(yīng)該一致的數(shù)量的）不一致，差異

The subsidy to arts courses was halved (last year) to ￡120 while the ￡1,500 (provided mostly to STEM courses) is being nudged nearly 5 per cent higher (this academic year).

去年給人文學(xué)科專業(yè)的補(bǔ)貼減半至 120 英鎊，而主要用于STEM專業(yè)的1500英鎊補(bǔ)貼在本學(xué)年被推高了近 5%。

• 
  subsidy n. 補(bǔ)貼
• halve vt. 將....對(duì)半分，使減半
• STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
• nudge vt. 使達(dá)到

nudge sth. adv./prep 使某事達(dá)到......

This afternoon's sunshine could nudge the temperature above freezing.

今天下午的陽光可使溫度達(dá)到冰點(diǎn)以上。

段落大意：

政府給理科的補(bǔ)貼遠(yuǎn)多于給文科的數(shù)額。

Yet based on the latest available data, these subsidies fail to bridge the shortfall.

然而，根據(jù)最新的可得數(shù)據(jù)，這些補(bǔ)貼依然未能填補(bǔ)缺口。

• bridge vt. 彌合（差距）

Alvin managed to bridge the gap between ballet and modern dance.

阿爾文設(shè)法彌合了芭蕾舞和現(xiàn)代舞之間的差異。

• shortfall n. 缺口，差額

an estimated shortfall of about ￡1 million

估計(jì)有大約100萬英鎊的缺口

Deficits are most pronounced (in clearly vocational subjects (taken by would-be vets, dentists and doctors).

在準(zhǔn)獸醫(yī)、牙醫(yī)和醫(yī)生所修讀的職業(yè)學(xué)科中，赤字最為明顯。

• deficit n. 赤字，虧損
• pronounced a. 顯著的，明顯的

He walked with a pronounced limp.

他走路明顯跛足。

• vocational a. 職業(yè)技術(shù)的

vocational education /school 職業(yè)培訓(xùn)/職業(yè)學(xué)校

• would-be a. 未來的，準(zhǔn)....
• vet n. 獸醫(yī)

Most humanities, alongside law, break even (on the average student).

包括法律在內(nèi)，大多數(shù)人文學(xué)科在普通學(xué)生身上都能實(shí)現(xiàn)收支相抵。

• break even 收支相抵

We're hpoing that we'll at least break even, and perhaps make a small profit.

我們希望至少收支平衡，或許還能略有盈利。

In the treacherous world of higher education, that counts as a good outcome.

在變化無常的高等教育世界中，能實(shí)現(xiàn)收支平衡也算是一個(gè)好的結(jié)果。

• treacherous a. 變化無常的，危險(xiǎn)的

Strong winds and loose rocks made climbing treacherous.

大風(fēng)和松動(dòng)的巖石使登山充滿險(xiǎn)阻。

段落大意：

盡管政府提供了補(bǔ)貼，也不足以支付某些職業(yè)學(xué)科的成本，大部分文科則能基本收支相抵。

While Sheffield Hallam is at pains to point out that its move is not an attack (on humanities), market forces are clearly afoot.

雖然謝菲爾德哈勒姆大學(xué)小心翼翼地指出，它的舉動(dòng)并不是對(duì)人文學(xué)科的打擊，但市場(chǎng)力量顯然在其中起到了作用。

• be at pains to do sth. 小心翼翼地做某事（以免別人誤解）
• market forces n. 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)作用，市場(chǎng)力量
• afoot a. 計(jì)劃中，進(jìn)行中

Changes were afoot.

各種變革正在進(jìn)行之中。

Judged by returns on investment, paying the same for a degree (in English) as one (in economics) makes roughly as much sense as slapping an Apple stock valuation on shares (in fast-fashion retailer Boohoo).

從投資回報(bào)率來看，在英語學(xué)位上付出與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)位相同的成本無異于將快時(shí)尚零售商Boohoo的股票賦予蘋果股票的估值。

紅色高亮是主語，結(jié)構(gòu)為pay the same for A as (for) B, one= a degree; 謂語動(dòng)詞為make sense, as much as表程度，引出一個(gè)類比，即將紅色高亮（主語）的合理性與藍(lán)色高亮部分的合理性作對(duì)比。

• returns on investment 投資回報(bào)
• make sense 有道理
• roughly ad. 大約，差不多
• slap sth. on sth. [非正式]忽然提價(jià)

They've slapped 50p on the price of a pack of cigarettes.

他們把一包香煙的價(jià)格一下子提高了50便士。

• valuation n. 估值
• fast-fashion n. 快時(shí)尚：以Zara等品牌為代表的服裝品類，特點(diǎn)是廉價(jià)、時(shí)尚、大批量生產(chǎn)。

段落大意：

從投資收益來看，投資文科教育收益低。

More often than not, arts graduates get less bang for their buck (than their more scientifically minded peers).

通常情況下，人文學(xué)科畢業(yè)生的收益比自然科學(xué)學(xué)科的同齡人更少。

The average physics graduate earns almost a quarter (more than one brandishing an English degree), according to jobs site Adzuna — though returns for the former look less impressive when previous attainment is taken into account.

根據(jù)求職網(wǎng)站Adzuna的數(shù)據(jù)，物理專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的平均收入比英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)生高出近四分之一——盡管相較于之前的水平，前者的回報(bào)如今看起來已經(jīng)不那么吸引人了。

though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其中嵌套了一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，補(bǔ)充說明盡管物理專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的待遇已經(jīng)不如以前了，依然比英語專業(yè)好，進(jìn)一步表明一直以來兩個(gè)專業(yè)的收入差距懸殊。

• brandish vt. 激動(dòng)地?fù)]舞
• attainment n. 達(dá)到；[可數(shù)]成就

a low level educational attainment 教育程度低

段落大意：

讀理科比讀文科賺的多。

That is if they end up working a graduate job at all.

如果他們最終能夠找到需要大學(xué)文憑的工作的話。

這句話要結(jié)合上下文理解，如果文科生能夠找到大學(xué)文憑水平的工作，面臨的情況就是與理科生薪資水平懸殊；如果連這樣的工作都找不到，就只能從事一些低收入工作。

• end up doing sth. 最終處于.....

I ended up doing all the work myself.

結(jié)果所有的活兒都是我一個(gè)人干了。

• graduate job = a job that require someone to hold a degree to start their career in that profession or industry.
• at all 完全，一點(diǎn)

Surely if that guy had any decency at all, he'd have withdrawn at once.

當(dāng)然如果那個(gè)人懂點(diǎn)禮節(jié)的話，他會(huì)馬上離開。

The initial cost (to the state) is smaller but humanities graduates who end up in low paid jobs contribute less (in tax) (over the longer term).

從事低薪工作的人文學(xué)科畢業(yè)生最初對(duì)國(guó)家造成的代價(jià)是比較小的，但最終從長(zhǎng)期來看他們繳納的稅款更少。

Proposals (from the Office for Students) tackle that (by penalising courses) where a quarter of students drop out or where 40 per cent or more fail to enter professional employment or further study.

學(xué)生事務(wù)辦公室建議，通過區(qū)別對(duì)待一些專業(yè)來解決這個(gè)問題，即有四分之一的學(xué)生輟學(xué)或40%及以上學(xué)生未能從事專業(yè)相關(guān)工作或繼續(xù)深造的專業(yè)。

黑色部分是方式狀語，由or連接的兩個(gè)并列的where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾courses，補(bǔ)充了這些專業(yè)的兩種特征。

• Office for Students 學(xué)生事務(wù)辦公室
• penalise vt. 不公正地對(duì)待
• drop out 退學(xué)，推出

Readers should hold on to those arts degrees. They could one day become a collector’s item.

讀者應(yīng)該保留好人文專業(yè)學(xué)位。 有朝一日，它們可能會(huì)成為收藏家的藏品。

hold on to sth. 保住，不放開

collector n. 收藏家

item n. 一件物品

段落大意：

學(xué)生就業(yè)出路不好的專業(yè)會(huì)被區(qū)別對(duì)待，進(jìn)而可能更少人會(huì)就讀和發(fā)展這些專業(yè)。

▲ 文科為何失寵：

? More often than not, arts graduates get less bang for their buck than their more scientifically minded peers.

? The average physics graduate earns almost a quarter more than one brandishing an English degree.

? That is if they end up working a graduate job at all.

? Humanities graduates who end up in low paid jobs contribute less in tax.

▲ 教育表達(dá)積累：

專業(yè)與學(xué)科

? humanities, arts, science, STEM

? course, programme

? degree

教學(xué)設(shè)施

? fully furnished labs

? state of the art computing power

學(xué)費(fèi)與補(bǔ)貼

? fees

? government top-up funding, subsidy

畢業(yè)出路

? drop out

? enter professional employment

? further study