abrasive
abrasive這個詞的意思是磨損的,研磨的或者粗暴的,刺激的,源于拉丁語abradere,意思是刮掉,削掉,由ab-(表示離開)和radere(意思是刮,削)組成。例如:
Sandpaper is an abrasive material. 砂紙是一種研磨材料。
He has an abrasive personality. 他有一種粗暴的個性。
abrasive的近義詞有:
rough: 意思是粗糙的,不平滑的或者粗魯?shù)?,無禮的,源于古英語ruh,意思是毛茸茸的,粗糙的。例如:
The road was rough and bumpy. 道路又粗糙又顛簸。
He was rough with the children. 他對孩子們很粗魯。
coarse: 意思是粗糙的,不細致的或者粗俗的,低級的,源于古法語cors,意思是普通的,粗劣的。例如:
The fabric has a coarse texture. 這種布料有一種粗糙的質(zhì)感。
He made some coarse jokes that offended her. 他講了一些粗俗的笑話,冒犯了她。
harsh: 意思是刺耳的,刺目的或者嚴厲的,苛刻的,源于古英語hearsc,意思是毛茸茸的,粗糙的。例如:
The sun was harsh and dazzling. 太陽刺眼而耀眼。
He was harsh with his employees. 他對他的員工很嚴厲。
grating: 意思是發(fā)出刺耳聲音的或者令人厭煩的,源于法語gratter,意思是刮擦,搔癢。例如:
His voice was grating on my nerves. 他的聲音刺激了我的神經(jīng)。
She found his constant complaints grating. 她覺得他不停地抱怨很令人厭煩。