P1~P5（2023年2月25日）

FREE高考英語(yǔ)零基礎(chǔ)入門(mén)訓(xùn)練

第零章 關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的基本常識(shí)

一 構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)的基本單位——字母(書(shū)寫(xiě))

二 英語(yǔ)的詞匯

總詞匯量 99萬(wàn)

常用詞匯量 8-11萬(wàn)

日常生活用語(yǔ) 2000左右

SAT/GRE 12000以上

四級(jí)/六級(jí) 4000/6000

高考 3000－1783

三 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法

1.詞性

名詞 (n.）表示人或事物的名稱(chēng)的詞

動(dòng)詞 (v.）表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞

形容詞（adj.）表示人或事物的特征的詞

副詞（adv.）修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的詞

連詞 (conj.)連接詞/短語(yǔ)/句子與詞/短語(yǔ)/句子

介詞 (prep.）表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關(guān)系

代詞 (pron.）是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞

冠詞 (art.）與名詞連用，起說(shuō)明人或事物的作用

數(shù)詞（num.）表示數(shù)量和順序的詞

感嘆詞（int.）表示說(shuō)話人感情或語(yǔ)氣的詞

2.時(shí)態(tài)

3.與中文的差異

所有格-'s He is Fred's best friend

動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s Fred works.

過(guò)去時(shí)-ed Fred worked.

現(xiàn)在分詞/進(jìn)行時(shí)-ing Fred is working

過(guò)去分詞-en The car was stolen.

動(dòng)名詞-ing Working is good for us.

復(fù)數(shù)-s Fred has two blue pens.

比較級(jí)-er Fred is smarter than Rick.

最高級(jí)-est Fred has the fastest car.

第一章 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本認(rèn)知

什么是句子

一組詞 a group of words

有完整含義complete idea

有主語(yǔ) person or thing + does or is something

有動(dòng)詞 what the subject does or is

例句

I understand English.

My friend reads quickly.

That cat is black.

注意

所有句子都要以大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)始

陳述句以句號(hào)“.”結(jié)尾

疑問(wèn)句以問(wèn)號(hào)“？”結(jié)尾

感嘆句以嘆號(hào)“！”結(jié)尾

在英語(yǔ)的句子中，嚴(yán)禁逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子

第二章 名詞的基本知識(shí)

一 什么是名詞

名詞對(duì)人物、事物、地點(diǎn)命名

二 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù) ★

單數(shù)指一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)

三 名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化

1、在詞尾直接加s

shop-shops

desk-desks

computer-computers

school-schools

face-faces

house-house

2、以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加es-

bus-buses

box-boxes

watch-watches

brush-brushes

3、以結(jié)尾的詞，特殊的四個(gè)詞加es，其它直接加s

tomato-tomatoes

potato-potatoes

hero-heroes

Negro-Negroes

radio-radios

photo-photos

zoo-zoos

piano-pianos

4、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加es

baby-babies

city-cities

factory-factories

story-stories

元音字母5個(gè)a e i o u

輔音字母21個(gè)

5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞

1）f變成v加es

thief-thieves

shelf-shelves

wolf-wolves

leaf-leaves

self-selves

half-halves

wife-wives

knife-knives

life-lives

2）直接加s

roof-roofs

belief-beliefs

proof-proofs

gulf-gulfs

handkerchief-handkerchiefs

6、名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化

1）常見(jiàn)特殊變化

man-men

woman-women

child-children

foot-feet

tooth-teeth

goose-geese

mouse-mice

2）單復(fù)數(shù)同形

Chinese/Japanese/deer/sheep/fish

3）只有復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有單數(shù)

people/shoes/glasses/gloves/shorts/clothes/socks/trousers/pants/scissors

四 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

可數(shù)名詞可以變復(fù)數(shù)形式

不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式

注意

1、不可數(shù)名詞只用單數(shù)，不和a/an及數(shù)詞搭配使用。

2、不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí)，需要使用量詞。

a piece of news 一條新聞

two pieces of bread兩塊面包

three pieces of paper三張紙

four glasses of milk四杯牛奶

five bottles of water五瓶水

six cups of tea六杯茶

1.食物相關(guān)的不可數(shù)名詞

2.自然相關(guān)的不可數(shù)名詞

3.具體事物相關(guān)的不可數(shù)名詞

4.抽象概念相關(guān)的不可數(shù)名詞

五 專(zhuān)有名詞的書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)則

專(zhuān)有名詞指特定的人物、事物或地點(diǎn)的名字

單個(gè)詞匯的專(zhuān)有名詞首字母大寫(xiě)

多個(gè)詞匯的專(zhuān)有名詞每個(gè)單詞的首字母大寫(xiě)

1.月份與星期的名稱(chēng)

2.人名的書(shū)寫(xiě)方法

外國(guó)人名

中國(guó)人名

七 動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)作的名詞形式

read動(dòng)詞 -reading名詞

write動(dòng)詞 -writing名詞

learn動(dòng)詞 -learning名詞

collect動(dòng)詞 -collection名詞

注意：如果某個(gè)動(dòng)詞有專(zhuān)屬的名詞形式，則避免使用動(dòng)名詞

shopping swimming climbing

八 冠詞：對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行限制

不定冠詞 a/an 定冠詞the 零冠詞 /

注意：單數(shù)名詞禁止裸奔，必須加限制詞

限制詞的種類(lèi)

1 冠詞a table/the table

2 指向形容詞this table/that table/these tables

3 歸屬形容詞my table/your table/his table

4 數(shù)量詞 one table/two tables

5 冠詞+形容詞a red table/a wooden table\

注意：復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可以使用the，不使用a/an，不一定需要限制詞

(the) money/some money/a lot of money

much money /little money

不定冠詞a/an不確定某一個(gè) general 概括

I want to see a movie this weekend.

元音前使用an輔音前使用a

特別：a university /ju:/

a unique person

an umbrella

an uncle

an hour

an honest boy

a half

定冠詞 the 確定 這個(gè)/那個(gè) specific 具體

I want to see the movie this weekend.

第三章 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一 英語(yǔ)句子的基本要求

一組詞，有完整含義，有主語(yǔ)，有動(dòng)詞

大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭，句號(hào)問(wèn)號(hào)嘆號(hào)結(jié)尾

二 動(dòng)詞最基本的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

發(fā)生許多次的動(dòng)作 actions that happen many times

一直都這樣的動(dòng)作 actions that are always true

三 英語(yǔ)中最基本的動(dòng)詞：Be動(dòng)詞 “是” “=”

1.Be動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三種形態(tài)

2.Be動(dòng)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式

I am-I'm

he is-he's

she is-she's

it is-it's

we are-we're

you are-you're

they are-they're

I am not-I am not

he/she/it is not-he/she/it isn't

we/you/they are not-we/you/they aren't

注意：

1、you可以表示“你”或“你們”

2、縮寫(xiě)格式在正式寫(xiě)作中禁止使用

3、Be動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致（非常重要） *動(dòng)名詞視作單數(shù)

3.Be動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)句型

注意：常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

缺動(dòng)詞 Mary is a good person.

與主語(yǔ)不一致 The boys are in the kitchen.

否定形式不正確 That computer is not expensive.

4.Be動(dòng)詞的重要句型：There be句型

there is/there are+主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充

用于表示某物存在，或某處有某物

四 表達(dá)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)：介詞短語(yǔ)

一組詞，以介詞開(kāi)始，包括一個(gè)名詞或代詞

這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫做介詞的賓語(yǔ)

1.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)（place/location）

回答where的問(wèn)題，一般放在句子末尾

We eat a lot of salad at home.

The computer is on the desk.

Loretta lives in my house.

2.表示時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)（time)

回答when的問(wèn)題，一般放在句尾

如果與地點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，時(shí)間一般放在地點(diǎn)后面

Michelle reads the news paper in the morning.

She sees him at the bank on Mondays.

3.不需要介詞的時(shí)間詞和時(shí)間短語(yǔ)

Eric watches TV daily.

Marco works every afternoon.

注意：

如果地點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)或時(shí)間短語(yǔ)放在句首，則要用逗號(hào)斷開(kāi)

ln the spring, everyone has finals.

To day, we have an important meeting.

Twice a week ,Teresa volunteers at the library.

4.常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間短語(yǔ)

五 常規(guī)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.常規(guī)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形態(tài)

2.第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)動(dòng)詞的特殊變化

（1）s/x/sh/ch/z結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加es

wash - washes

pass -passes

watch-watches

mix -mixesfix-fixes

（2）輔音+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去y改i加es

cry - cries

try-tries

bury - buries

marry - marries

play -plays

say -says

buy - buys

（3)不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞

have-has

do-does

go-goes

注意：常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

缺動(dòng)詞 Ed and Linda live in Texas.

第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤 Ed works in a big office.

多個(gè)動(dòng)詞混用 Ed wakes up at 6 a.m. every day.

第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤 Ed tries to sleep seven hours every night.

如果用到be動(dòng)詞或常規(guī)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不允許同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞連用

3.常規(guī)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定表述

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變否定，前面加入助動(dòng)詞do not/does not

原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞使用原形do

注意：do not可以縮寫(xiě)為don’t，does not可以縮寫(xiě)為doesn’t，不建議在寫(xiě)作里使用

第四章 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去/將來(lái)時(shí)

一 關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)

時(shí)/時(shí)間：過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)

態(tài)/狀態(tài)：一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行

二 關(guān)于英語(yǔ)里的時(shí)間概念

廣義現(xiàn)在：任何時(shí)間

狹義現(xiàn)在：當(dāng)前這一刻，當(dāng)前的一瞬間

過(guò)去：現(xiàn)在之前，與現(xiàn)在完全沒(méi)有關(guān)系的時(shí)間

將來(lái)：現(xiàn)在之后，還沒(méi)有到來(lái)的時(shí)間

三 高考最重要的時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.概念：在過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 actions that happen in the past（句子的動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作時(shí)間）

2.動(dòng)詞的變化

（1）規(guī)則變化 -ed

需要雙寫(xiě)加-ed的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞，共30個(gè)

（2）不規(guī)則變化，共100詞

1）Be動(dòng)詞

2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，共2詞

3）常規(guī)動(dòng)詞

①三種形態(tài)相同AAA，共9詞

②原形與過(guò)去時(shí)相同AAB，共1詞

③原形與過(guò)去分詞相同ABA，共3詞

④過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去分詞相同ABB，共43詞

⑤三種形態(tài)均不相同ABC，共41詞

注意：常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 We lived in London in 2010.

動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化錯(cuò)誤 She went to Brazil in 2005.

動(dòng)詞沖突 I was took Bus 300 yesterday.

3.常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去時(shí)間

• yesterday

We played soccer yesterday.

• last+時(shí)間詞

last night last week last month..

I finished my homework early las night

• 數(shù)字+時(shí)間詞+ago

two hours ago,three days ago,four weeks ago...

She arrived here two weeks ago.

注意：如果時(shí)間短語(yǔ)放在句首，需要逗號(hào)斷開(kāi)

寫(xiě)句子必須注意的三個(gè)要素：

句首大寫(xiě)字母、句尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化

Yesterday, we played soccer.

Last night, I finished my homework early.

Two weeks ago,she arrived here.

4.否定表述

一般過(guò)去時(shí)變否定，加入助動(dòng)詞 did not

原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞使用原形 do

注意：did not可以縮寫(xiě)為didn't，不建議在寫(xiě)作里使用

注意：常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

未使用助動(dòng)詞 Andrea did not live in Korea in 2011.

助動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 We did not arrive late.

動(dòng)詞未改原形 I did not take the bus yesterday.

動(dòng)詞沖突 Norah did not wake up at 7 this morning.

四 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/be going to

1.適用范圍：

預(yù)測(cè)和預(yù)期 predictions & expected results

計(jì)劃和提議 plans ＆ proposals

2.使用be going to表示將來(lái)

（1）適用范圍

已經(jīng)制定好的計(jì)劃 future plans that already made

基于現(xiàn)在行為的預(yù)測(cè) predictions based on a present action

（2）使用方式

3.使用will表示將來(lái)

（1）適用范圍

現(xiàn)在作出的未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或決定 future plans/decisions

語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)的預(yù)測(cè) strong prediction

承諾或提供幫助 promises or offering help

（2）使用方式

（3）will 的縮寫(xiě)形式

I will - I'll

he will - he'll

we will - we'll

she will - she'll

you will - you'll

it will - it'll

they will - they'll

will not - won't

注意:在寫(xiě)作中盡量避免使用縮寫(xiě)形式

4.常見(jiàn)的將來(lái)時(shí)間

注意：如果時(shí)間短語(yǔ)放在句首，需要逗號(hào)斷開(kāi)

We are going to go to the movies on Saturday.

=On Saturday, we are going to go to the movies.

The airline will use a new kind of jet next year.

= Next year, the airline will use anew kind of jet.

第五章 代詞的基本知識(shí)

一 什么是代詞（代詞概念）

代詞是替代名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞

替代名詞 I live in China. She is a great country.

替代短語(yǔ) There are a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. Some are white and some are red.

替代句子 We should respect the elders. I know that from my childhood.

二、人稱(chēng)代詞、反身代詞、物主代詞

注意：賓語(yǔ)可以在動(dòng)詞后面，也可以在介詞后面

注意：

1、l 在任何情況下都要大寫(xiě)

2、She 可以描述國(guó)家、城市或?qū)櫸?，表達(dá)特殊情感

3、We 可以體現(xiàn)作者與讀者之間的親密關(guān)系

4、It 可以指代天氣、環(huán)境、時(shí)間，還可用于形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

自己：對(duì)自己做動(dòng)作，或強(qiáng)調(diào)本人

l am teaching myself computer.

(You) Take good care of yourself.

The child himself drew this picture.

You should ask the children themselves.

注意：“自己”永遠(yuǎn)用在賓語(yǔ)，如果用在主語(yǔ)需要同位語(yǔ)

某人的、某人的東西

I love my country. 形容詞

Is this your car? 形容詞

That car is mine (my car), not yours (your car). 名詞

These books are ours (our books). 名詞

Whose bag is it? It's hers (her bag). 名詞

Yesterday I met a friend of mine (my friends) in the street. 名詞

注意：常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

代詞性別錯(cuò)誤 Maria is my friend. She is nice.

代詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤 Where are my keys? I cant find them.

代詞主語(yǔ)沖突 My mother she is 42 years old.

自己不能作主語(yǔ) I myself drive the car.

對(duì)自己作動(dòng)作用自己 You should be proud of yourself.

某人的東西 May I use your pen? Yours works better.

某人的 We should learn our own culture.

三、指示代詞

表示時(shí)間或空間上的遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系

this 和 these 表示距離近

that 和 those 表示距離遠(yuǎn)

e.g. This is a book.

These are cars.

l am busy these days.

I was busy those days

That is not a room.

Those are trees.

this 和these 指代后文內(nèi)容

that 和those 指代前文內(nèi)容

e.g. Please remember this: no pain no gain.

I got up late. that is why l missed the bus.

重要考點(diǎn)：one，that 和it的區(qū)別

I can't find my hat. I think l must buy one. 范圍的某一個(gè)

This hat is bigger than that of mine. 同類(lèi)的另一個(gè)

I can't find my hat. I don't know where l put it. 完全相同

Do you have that book? I want to buy one. 范圍的某一個(gè)

This book is better than that on the shelf. 同類(lèi)的另一個(gè)

I bought a book yesterday. It is interesting. 完全相同

四、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞

針對(duì)名詞內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的，叫做疑問(wèn)代詞

替代名詞內(nèi)容并連接兩個(gè)分句的，叫做連接代詞

whom 賓格可以用 who 代替，介詞后只用 whom

e.g. Who is here just now?

Who/Whom are you looking for?

To whom did you speak on the campus?

whose 表示“誰(shuí)的”

e.g. Whose are these books on the desk?

Whose books are these on the desk?

what沒(méi)有指定范圍，which需要指定范圍

e.g. What book do you like?

Which book do you like, this one or that one?

疑問(wèn)代詞可以連接兩個(gè)分句，其它代詞不可以

e.g. What we should do is still unknown.

I know who is waiting for you.

I met many people in my trip, each of whom was nice to me.

疑問(wèn)詞+ever 表示“無(wú)論”，用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣

e.g. He does whatever she asks him to do.

I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it.

Whichever team gains the most points wins.

whenever 無(wú)論何時(shí) / wherever 無(wú)論何地 However 無(wú)論如何

五、不定代詞

不明確指代特定名詞的，叫做不定代詞

Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.

I know nothing about it.

That's all l know.

1.基本不定代詞

2.其它不定代詞

e.g. All goes well.

All the students are here.

None of the milk is expensive. 不可數(shù)用單數(shù)

None of the films is/are worth seeing. 可數(shù)隨意

Both of us can speak English. 兩個(gè)人

Neither of us can sing. 兩個(gè)人

Both Jessy and?David are?good at English.

Neither you nor he can finish the work in an hour.

e.g. Few of the books are cheap now.否定

A few friends came to see me yesterday.肯定

There is little water in the bottle.否定

I have a little money to buy the book.肯定

I have many?books to give you.

We have much to say about verbs.

Many?of the students like English very much.

Much?of the work is easy.

e.g. I have some books. 一些

Do you have any books? 一些

There isn't any ink in my pen. 一些

I am going to get some ink. 一些

You can come any time. 任何

Will you have some coffee? 某個(gè)

She gave each child two apples.

Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions.

Either of them will agree to this arrangement.

Either of the two boys is clever.

e.g. This glass is broken. I want another.

There are two glasses. One is full. The other is empty.

Some believe it is true. Others doubt it.

There are 40 students in my class. 28 are boys. The others are girls.

3.相互代詞

each other /one another 互相

e.g. People should love one another.

People of different cultures always copy each other.