TED演講者：Bektour Iskender / 貝克托·伊斯坎德爾

演講標(biāo)題：The crime-fighting power of cross-border investigative journalism / 跨國調(diào)查新聞打擊犯罪的力量

內(nèi)容概要：Organized crime operates across national borders -- to keep up, investigative journalists need to do the same. TED Fellow Bektour Iskender gives the inside scoop on his efforts to unveil secret, insidious operations in his home country of Kyrgyzstan, and how he worked with a team of journalists to uncover corruption and spark a national movement. He shares three key insights on how global networks of investigative journalists protect the world not just from smugglers and thieves but from dictators and warmongers.

有組織犯罪跨越國境，為了打擊犯罪，調(diào)查記者也必須跟上腳步。TED Fellow貝克托·伊斯坎德爾（Bektour Iskender）向我們展示了他曝光秘密的內(nèi)部視角、在他的家鄉(xiāng)吉爾吉斯斯坦進(jìn)行的秘密行動(dòng)、他是如何和一組記者合作，揭露腐敗行為，并由此引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)國家運(yùn)動(dòng)。他分享了國際調(diào)查記者聯(lián)盟如何保護(hù)世界免受走私者和竊賊、獨(dú)裁者和好戰(zhàn)分子侵?jǐn)_的三個(gè)想法。

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【1】What makes organized crime strong?

是什么讓有組織犯罪這么猖狂？

【2】It is very well-connected across borders.

這種犯罪跨越國境卻緊密聯(lián)系。

【3】Criminal leaders can cooperate over long distances, build efficient logistics and hide their wealth across many jurisdictions.

犯罪頭目可以遠(yuǎn)距離配合, 建立高效的物流, 還可以在多個(gè)管轄區(qū) 藏匿他們的財(cái)富。

【4】How do we know about this?

我們是怎么知道這些的呢？

【5】One of the reasons is journalists.

其中一個(gè)原因 就來自于我們記者。

【6】We are often the first ones to reveal the enormous schemes of organized crime networks.

我們常常是第一個(gè) 揭露有組織犯罪團(tuán)伙巨大陰謀的人。

【7】At some point, journalists started connecting across borders, too.

不知何時(shí),記者也開始了跨國交流。

【8】During the last decade, there was a number of groundbreaking, cross-border investigations that had dozens of media organizations working together.

在過去的十年里, 許多突破性的跨境調(diào)查 是由數(shù)十家媒體組織 共同合作完成的。

【9】'"Panama Papers" is probably one of the most famous of such cross-border journalism collaborations.

《巴拿馬文件》 （Panama Papers）可以說是 這些跨境記者合作案件中 最著名的案件之一。

【10】It had more than 100 media working on it; it affected countries on every continent.

參與該案件的媒體機(jī)構(gòu)超過百家。 這個(gè)案件涉及到全球各大洲的國家。

【11】More importantly, it led to more than one billion dollars to be recovered to the economies of the countries they were stolen from.

更重要的是,該案件的破獲 為被盜國家追回了 十億多美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

【12】Now let's take a look at maps that show which countries were featured So this is "Panama Papers,"

我們現(xiàn)在通過地圖來看看 哪些國家在2016年到2021年間的 這是《巴拿馬文件》

【13】'"Paradise Papers,"

這個(gè)是《天堂文件》 （Paradise Papers)。

【14】'"Pandora Papers."

這是《潘多拉文件》 （Pandora Papers)。

【15】As you can see, some countries keep being blank spots on these maps, and one of them is Kyrgyzstan, my home country.

如你所見,部分國家 在這個(gè)地圖上一直是空白的, 其中之一為吉爾吉斯斯坦, 也是我的故鄉(xiāng)。

【16】And does it mean there is no organized crime in Kyrgyzstan or maybe no corruption?

難道地圖上的空白就意味著 吉爾吉斯斯坦沒有有組織犯罪 或腐敗問題了嗎？

【17】No way.

不可能。

【18】There is a lot of corruption in my country, and organized crime is a pretty powerful force.

我的國家有著很嚴(yán)重的腐敗問題, 有組織犯罪也是一股強(qiáng)大的勢(shì)力。

【19】Kyrgyzstan was just not covered in major global investigations for a very long time.

吉爾吉斯斯坦 只是在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里,

【20】I'm one of the founders of Kloop, a very unusual media organization that I co-founded in Kyrgyzstan back in 2007 with my friend, Rinat.

我是 Kloop 的創(chuàng)始人之一, 這是一個(gè)非常與眾不同的媒體組織, 由我與我的朋友里納特（Rinat） 于2007年在吉爾吉斯斯坦創(chuàng)立。

【21】Initially it was just a news website and a journalism school.

起初 Kloop 只是一個(gè) 新聞網(wǎng)站和新聞學(xué)校。

【22】We would train journalists as young as 15 or 16 to cover politics, human rights violations and many, many other stories that happened in our country.

我們想要培養(yǎng)15、 16 歲的年輕的記者, 讓他們報(bào)道政治、 違法人權(quán)的事件 和許許多多發(fā)生在我們國家的事。

【23】Throughout the years our journalists grew up, and by the time they were in their early 20s, they thought they were too experienced to just cover daily news.

我們的記者們逐漸成長(zhǎng), 在他們20歲出頭的時(shí)候, 他們已經(jīng)覺得 報(bào)道日常新聞太小兒科了。

【24】They wanted to take on more involved stories, and they were eager to make a difference in Kyrgyzstan.

他們想要報(bào)道更深層次的故事, 迫不及待想在 吉爾吉斯斯坦大展拳腳。

【25】So we started publishing bigger investigations with our young and engaged journalists, but there were some difficulties though.

所以我們開始與這些 年輕上進(jìn)的記者們一起 報(bào)道更重大的調(diào)查案件, 但是我們也遇到了一些困難。

【26】In some cases, we did not have enough resources or experience to work on very complicated stories, and sometimes it was just too scary.

有時(shí)候,我們沒有 足夠的資源或經(jīng)驗(yàn) 調(diào)查太過復(fù)雜的事件, 有些時(shí)候調(diào)查過程太嚇人了。

【27】For example, once we even received a death threat for trying to investigate criminal activities of the then-president's son.

比如有一次,我們?cè)谠噲D調(diào)查 時(shí)任總統(tǒng)之子的犯罪行為時(shí), 甚至收到了死亡威脅。

【28】And the problem was we didn't know who could protect us, and we eventually had to drop this investigation.

問題是我們不知道 誰可以保護(hù)我們, 所以最終只好放棄調(diào)查。

【29】But then something important happened in 2017 when we joined the network of OCCRP, Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.

2017 年發(fā)生了一件重要的事, 我們加入了 OCCRP。 “有組織犯罪和腐敗報(bào)道項(xiàng)目”。

【30】It is an organization based in Bosnia.

這是一個(gè)總部在 波士尼亞（Bosnia）的組織。

【31】It was initially formed to unite the best investigative media outlets from the Balkans, and later it expanded its network to many other countries in Europe and then to Central Asia,

創(chuàng)立初衷是為了集結(jié)巴爾干半島的 調(diào)查媒體機(jī)構(gòu)精銳, 后來覆蓋范圍延伸到了 歐洲的其他很多國家, 再到中亞、

【32】Middle East, Africa, Latin America.

中東、非洲、拉丁美洲。

【33】And the goal of this organization is in its name: to fight organized crime and corruption with journalism.

這個(gè)組織的目標(biāo)顧名思義: 利用新聞打擊有組織犯罪和腐敗。

【34】We were the first Central Asian member of this network, and oh, how many changes it has brought.

我們是組織中第一個(gè)中亞成員, 看看它帶來了多少改變。

【35】We turned Kyrgyzstan from a blank spot on the map into a country where organized crime and corruption are investigated as never before.

我們讓吉爾吉斯斯坦不再是 地圖上的一片空白, 而是一個(gè)以前所未有的力度 調(diào)查有組織犯罪和腐敗的國家。

【36】In 2019, we joined our efforts with OCCRP and also with Radio Liberty, a media organization based in Czech Republic, and Bellingcat, an Investigative Center from the UK.

2019 年,我們與 OCCRP、 捷克共和國的媒體組織 自由電臺(tái)（Radio Liberty）、 英國的調(diào)查中心貝靈貓組織 （Bellingcat）通力合作。

【37】And together we published a series of investigations about an underground cargo empire.

我們一起報(bào)道了 一系列調(diào)查結(jié)果, 揭露了一個(gè)地下貨運(yùn)帝國。

【38】A secretive family clan that transported goods from China to Central Asia and didn't pay all the taxes and tariffs, if you know what I mean.

一個(gè)秘密家族組織, 從中國運(yùn)輸貨物到中亞, 不交任何稅款和關(guān)稅, 你懂的。

【39】In order to do that, they bribed the Kyrgyzstan Customs Service, and a significant chunk of this bribe went to this person:

為了走私, 他們賄賂了吉爾吉斯斯坦海關(guān), 大部分都進(jìn)了這個(gè)人的腰包:

【40】Raimbek Matraimov, the Deputy Head of Kyrgyzstan's Customs.

賴因貝克.馬特拉莫夫 （Raimbek Matraimov）, 吉爾吉斯斯坦海關(guān)總署副局長(zhǎng)。

【41】Our investigations revealed that even high-ranking officials in Kyrgyzstan are involved in corruption, poisoning their whole institutions with the worst possible practices.

我們的調(diào)查揭露了 連吉爾吉斯斯坦的 高層官員都會(huì)涉嫌腐敗, 用最壞的行為毒害整個(gè)組織。

【42】People in Kyrgyzstan were outraged when they read this, and this led to an unprecedented chain reaction.

吉爾吉斯斯坦人民 看到報(bào)道時(shí)怒不可遏, 導(dǎo)致了前所未有的連鎖反應(yīng)。

【43】So first there were protests in Kyrgyzstan because of what was published in the investigation itself.

起初,調(diào)查內(nèi)容本身引發(fā)了 吉爾吉斯斯坦的抗議示威活動(dòng)。

【44】A year later, in 2020, even larger protests happened when some of the politicians who were featured in our investigations had their party taking second place in the Parliament elections.

一年以后,2020 年, 爆發(fā)了更大規(guī)模的抗議活動(dòng), 起因?yàn)檎{(diào)查涉及的一些政客 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政黨在議會(huì)選舉中 成為了第二大政黨。

【45】As a result of these larger protests, Parliament election results were annulled, government was changed and eventually the president of the country was forced to resign.

這些大規(guī)模示威活動(dòng)的結(jié)果是, 議會(huì)選舉的結(jié)果被宣告無效, 更換政府, 最終總統(tǒng)被迫辭職。

【46】But this investigation was important not only for Kyrgyzstan.

這些調(diào)查不止 對(duì)吉爾吉斯斯坦很重要。

【47】Remember I told you about this family clan that started this scheme in the first place?

還記得我剛說的始作俑者, 那個(gè)家族組織嗎？

【48】They earned a lot of money in Central Asia.

他們?cè)谥衼嗁嵉门铦M缽滿。

【49】We revealed and had evidence of at least 800 million dollars that went through their business, and the real figure might be even higher.

我們揭露并有證據(jù)表明他們的流水 至少有 8 億美元, 真實(shí)的數(shù)字可能更龐大。

【50】And where exactly did they spend their money?

那他們把錢花在哪兒了呢？

【51】Well, they bought this house in Los Angeles, California, and this mansion in the UK; they started a construction project in Augsburg, Germany; they bought many apartments in Dubai.

他們?cè)诩又萋迳即壻I了這幢別墅, 在英國買了這套房子, 在德國奧格斯堡投資了建設(shè)項(xiàng)目, 在迪拜買了多套公寓。

【52】In other words, there is probably no such thing as local organized crime investigation.

換句話說, 不會(huì)有只局限于當(dāng)?shù)氐挠薪M織犯罪。

【53】Because of how organized crime is structured, almost every investigative story about it has at least a regional significance, and in many cases it has a global significance.

有組織犯罪的體系意味著 它在幾乎每一個(gè)調(diào)查事件中都 至少有地區(qū)性影響, 大多數(shù)情況都有國際性影響。

【54】So now there are several messages that I want to deliver today.

我今天來這里想要傳達(dá)幾個(gè)信息。

【55】Message number one: journalism networks are actually very efficient and important.

信息1: 新聞聯(lián)盟其實(shí)非常高效又重要。

【56】You don't need 100 media organizations for every investigation.

你不需要每次調(diào)查 都要找 100 家媒體組織。

【57】You know, like in our case, we only had four, and it was already a huge game-changer.

我們這個(gè)例子里只有 4 家, 已經(jīng)足以扭轉(zhuǎn)干坤。

【58】And for local media organizations like Kloop, this is also a safety measure.

對(duì)于像 Kloop 這樣的 本土媒體機(jī)構(gòu), 這也是一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)措施。

【59】As I mentioned before, working on investigations alone is scary.

我剛提到, 單槍匹馬調(diào)查很恐怖。

【60】Within our network we not only share knowledge or resources, but we also care about each other, and we keep each other secure.

在我們的聯(lián)盟里, 不僅會(huì)共享知識(shí)和資源, 我們還會(huì)互相關(guān)照, 保護(hù)他人的安全。

【61】Message number two: support local media organizations all around the world.

信息2: 要支持全球的本土媒體機(jī)構(gòu)。

【62】When global journalism collaborations first began, it was mostly media from Europe or the Americas that would have a leading role as they had the greatest resources.

國際新聞合作剛開始的時(shí)候, 大部分都是歐洲或者美洲的媒體 擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色, 因?yàn)樗鼈儞碛械馁Y源更多。

【63】But media organizations from other continents are very important too.

但是其他大洲的媒體組織 也非常重要。

【64】We have unique expertise, insights and connections.

我們有獨(dú)特的專長(zhǎng)、見解和人脈。

【65】Before I move to the third and final message, I want to share something personal with you.

在我說出第三個(gè)也就是 最后一個(gè)信息之前, 我想分享一些我個(gè)人的事。

【66】Last year I moved to Ukraine because Kloop planned to start a new regional media project there, and we are now forced to do it in another country because this man was belligerent enough to invade Ukraine, the country that became my second home.

去年我搬到了烏克蘭, 因?yàn)?Kloop 計(jì)劃在烏克蘭 開啟一個(gè)新的地區(qū)性媒體項(xiàng)目, 但是由于這個(gè)人粗暴地入侵烏克蘭, 我們只好把項(xiàng)目遷移至另一個(gè)國家, 這個(gè)國家成為了我的第二個(gè)家。

【67】But I want to highlight a role of another country in this war: Belarus.

但是我想強(qiáng)調(diào) 這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的另一個(gè)國家, 白俄羅斯的角色。

【68】Belarus is very corrupt.

白俄羅斯非常腐敗。

【69】It has been run by Alyaksandr Lukashenka, a dictator that has been ruling this country since the 1990s.

由亞歷山大.盧卡申科 （Alyaksandr Lukashenka）領(lǐng)導(dǎo), 他自上世紀(jì) 90 年代 就獨(dú)裁著這個(gè)國家。

【70】Lukashenka did something unthinkable.

盧卡申科做了一件不可思議的事。

【71】He provided the territory of Belarus to the Russian army to attack Ukraine from the north.

他將白俄羅斯的領(lǐng)土交給俄軍, 讓俄軍可以自北襲擊烏克蘭。

【72】One of the similarities between Belarus and Kyrgyzstan is that both our countries are small and get little attention from global media.

白俄羅斯和吉爾吉斯斯坦之間 有一個(gè)相似之處, 就是兩國都很小, 在國際媒體上缺乏關(guān)注度。

【73】At the same time, for decades, local media in Belarus did not have enough resources or safety measures to thoroughly investigate Lukashenka and corrupt officials around him.

與此同時(shí), 長(zhǎng)年以來,白俄羅斯本地的媒體 沒有足夠的資源 或安全措施徹底調(diào)查盧卡申科 及其周圍的腐敗官員。

【74】The thing is, Lukashenka is not really a super powerful leader of global magnitude.

值得一提的是,盧卡申科 與其他國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人相比, 并不算一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)勢(shì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

【75】Unlike Putin, he could [have been] weakened years ago.

不像普京,盧卡申科 早在幾年前就有被削弱的可能了。

【76】What helped him stay in power was massive pressure on civil society, on local media and lack of financial measures from other countries.

他一直手握大權(quán)的原因是 對(duì)公民社會(huì)組織、 本地媒體的重壓, 也沒有受到其他國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁。

【77】If the global community took stronger action against Lukashenka, if local media were stronger and better linked with global networks,

如果全球社會(huì)對(duì)盧卡申科 采取更嚴(yán)厲的措施, 如果本地媒體更強(qiáng)勢(shì)、 與全球組織有更強(qiáng)的聯(lián)結(jié),

【78】I believe Russia could have lost its key ally a long, long time ago.

我相信俄羅斯在很久以前 就失去了它這個(gè)關(guān)鍵盟友。

【79】A better-timed collaborative journalism investigation could save many lives.

一個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)正好的聯(lián)合記者調(diào)查 可以拯救許多生命。

【80】So here I come to my final message.

這是最后一個(gè)信息。

【81】Let's leave criminals and corrupt officials without access to their money before it's [too late].

趁為時(shí)未晚,我們應(yīng)該斷絕 犯罪分子和腐敗官員 提取贓款的可能。

【82】This is where journalists need help from activists, politicians and even bankers, not just from each other.

這就是記者需要社會(huì)活動(dòng)家、 政治家、 甚至是銀行家?guī)椭牡胤? 不只是記者之間。

【83】We must expand our cross-border networks outside of the media world too, because every exposed, corrupt official, every arrested organized crime leader

我們也必須把跨國聯(lián)盟 延伸至媒體領(lǐng)域之外, 因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)腐敗官員被曝光, 每一個(gè)有組織犯罪頭目被逮捕,

【84】is a chance to protect our world not only from smugglers and thieves, but also from dictators and warmongers.

都帶來了保護(hù)我們的世界 免受走私者和竊賊、 獨(dú)裁者和好戰(zhàn)分子 侵?jǐn)_的機(jī)會(huì)。

【85】Thank you.

謝謝。