原文標(biāo)題：
Green manufacturing
The circular economy
Battery-makers are learning that recycling should not be an afterthought
綠色制造
循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)
電池制造商認(rèn)識(shí)到回收利用不應(yīng)該靠邊站

A virtuous circle
Battery-makers are powering a circular economy
“Gigafactories” are being designed to recycle raw materials
良性循環(huán)
電池制造商正在推動(dòng)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展
“超級(jí)電池工廠”回收原材料

[Paragraph 1]
MANUFACTURING IS A one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out.Once those goods are sold, producers (initial guarantees apart) usually wash their hands of them.

制造業(yè)是一種單向商業(yè)模式。工廠投入原材料產(chǎn)出成品。一旦這些商品售出，生產(chǎn)者（初始擔(dān)保除外）通常就不管了。

Certainly they do not worry, unless compelled to by law, about how the products are disposed of. Most are burnt or rot in landfill, which pollutes the planet.

當(dāng)然，除非法律強(qiáng)制要求，他們無需擔(dān)心廢舊產(chǎn)品的處理問題。大部分廢舊產(chǎn)品都在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)里焚燒或腐爛了，這對(duì)地球造成了污染。

In only 50 years the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly quadrupled, to more than 100bn tonnes, according to the latest Circularity Gap Report from the World Economic Forum. Less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a big waste of materials.
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇最新發(fā)布的《循環(huán)度差距報(bào)告》表明，僅50年時(shí)間，全球原材料消費(fèi)量就超過1000億噸，是原來的4倍。其中不到9%被重復(fù)利用，這導(dǎo)致了大量的材料浪費(fèi)。

[Paragraph 2]
Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is greenwashing intended to improve brand images.
這個(gè)行業(yè)也確實(shí)談到了可持續(xù)性和回收利用的問題，但其中大部分是“漂綠”行為，目的是為了改善品牌形象。

Yet in the circular economy the bottom line, too, can benefit from greenery.
然而，在循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，企業(yè)最終也可以從綠色制造中受益。

This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh).
“超級(jí)電池工廠”尤其如此。由于電動(dòng)汽車的電池輸出衡量單位是千兆瓦時(shí)，因此稱為“超級(jí)電池工廠”。

[Paragraph 3]
Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is lucrative.
每個(gè)汽車制造國(guó)家都想要建超級(jí)工廠。電池是電動(dòng)汽車中最昂貴的部分，因此制造電池利潤(rùn)可觀。

But they contain materials such as lithium, cobalt, manganese and nickel that are pricey and can be hard to obtain.
但電池含有鋰、鈷、錳和鎳等昂貴且難以獲得的材料。

Supply chains are long and complicated.Buyers risk being tarnished by their suppliers’ (or suppliers’ suppliers’) poor environmental and labour standards.
加上供應(yīng)鏈漫長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜。買方可能會(huì)因其供應(yīng)商（或供應(yīng)商的供應(yīng)商）糟糕的環(huán)境和勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而名聲受損。

Reusing materials makes sense.
因此，重復(fù)利用材料的意義非凡。

[Paragraph 4]
Being new, most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start.
大多數(shù)新的超級(jí)電池工廠在最初的設(shè)計(jì)上就考慮到了回收利用的問題。

The result is a circular production process, not a linear one.
最終形成一個(gè)閉環(huán)生產(chǎn)過程，而不是線性生產(chǎn)過程。

The idea is that once batteries reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their ingredients can be recovered and put into new batteries.
這理念是，電池一旦壽命結(jié)束就應(yīng)該回到工廠，工廠可以回收原料并將其放入新電池中。

[Paragraph 5]
Gigafactories are not yet exemplars of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations.
超級(jí)電池工廠還不是循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的典范，但它們起到了奠基作用。

Northvolt, a Swedish battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries—enough to power some 2m EVs—from the three gigafactories it is completing.
瑞典電池制造商N(yùn)orthvolt的目標(biāo)是到2030年建成三個(gè)超級(jí)電池工廠，且年產(chǎn)能達(dá)到150千兆瓦時(shí)，這足以為200萬輛左右的電動(dòng)汽車供電。

By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not alone.
到那時(shí)，約有一半的原材料應(yīng)該來自回收的舊電池。Northvolt并不是唯一的一家。

Using recycling, renewable power and other measures, CATL—a Chinese firm and the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries—thinks it should eventually be possible to shrink the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero.
中國(guó)企業(yè)寧德時(shí)代是世界上最大的電動(dòng)汽車電池生產(chǎn)商，該公司采取回收利用、可再生能源及其他措施，最終有可能將電池的碳排放減少到0。

[Paragraph 6]
Carmakers such as the Renault Group and Stellantis, are both setting up circular-economy businesses.
雷諾集團(tuán)和斯特蘭蒂斯等汽車制造商都在建立循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)。

This is not just for batteries, but also for repairing and reconditioning parts and vehicles. Each of these operations will, bosses hope, have annual revenues of more than €2bn ($2bn) by the end of the decade, and be profitable.
這不僅適用于電池，也適用于修理和翻新零件和車輛。老板們希望，到本世紀(jì)末，每一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的年收入都將超過20億歐元（20億美元），利潤(rùn)很可觀。

Renault reckons around 85% of a car is recyclable, but only 20-30% of the materials in new vehicles are recycled, often from other goods. Circular manufacturing would greatly increase that share.
雷諾估計(jì)，大約85%的汽車是可回收的，但新車中只有20-30%的材料來自其他回收的物品。循環(huán)制造將大大提高這一比例。

[Paragraph 7]
Could other industries do something similar?
其他行業(yè)會(huì)做類似的回收利用嗎？

Fast fashion is a notoriously wasteful business in which little-worn clothes are burnt or dumped.
快時(shí)尚行業(yè)因浪費(fèi)出了名，衣服沒穿幾次就被燒掉或丟棄了。

America’s Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the recycling rate for clothing and footwear is just 13%.
美國(guó)國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)局估計(jì)，服裝和鞋類的回收率僅為13%。

A big part of the reason is the use of mixed textiles, which are hard to recycle.
很大一部分原因是混合紡織品的使用，而混合紡織品很難回收再利用。

Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to employ fibres that are easier to handle.
服裝公司可以像超級(jí)電池工廠一樣，重新設(shè)計(jì)工藝，例如采用更易處理的纖維。

Consumer electronics is another business that creates heaps of waste, despite electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare-earth metals like neodymium and dysprosium.
盡管消費(fèi)類電子產(chǎn)品中的電子電路含有金和銀等貴金屬材料，電動(dòng)機(jī)由釹和鏑等稀土金屬制成，但消費(fèi)類電子是另一個(gè)產(chǎn)生大量廢舊物品的行業(yè)。

Fortunes could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s gadgets and yesterday’s togs.
財(cái)富可能來自于城市礦產(chǎn)，例如去年的小玩意和昨天的玩具。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量652左右）
原文出自：2022年10月29日《TE》Leaders版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路
本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
Northvolt，瑞典電池制造商 ，成立于2016年，是瑞典斯德哥爾摩一家新能源公司，由大眾集團(tuán)、高盛、西門子創(chuàng)辦。2022年3月，Northvolt在官網(wǎng)宣布，將在德國(guó)北部石勒蘇益格-荷爾斯泰因州新建一座超級(jí)電池工廠。這是他們?cè)谌鸬渲獾氖鬃S。? 2022年5月，瑞典電池制造商 Northvolt 開始出貨，成為第一家向汽車制造商提供動(dòng)力電池的歐洲企業(yè)。是歐洲最大的電動(dòng)汽車電池回收廠，每年可處理約 2.5 萬個(gè)廢舊電池。

寧德時(shí)代新能源科技股份有限公司（catl）。寧德時(shí)代新能源科技股份有限公司成立于2011年，是國(guó)內(nèi)率先具備國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的動(dòng)力電池制造商之一，專注于新能源汽車動(dòng)力電池系統(tǒng)、儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和銷售，致力于為全球新能源應(yīng)用提供一流解決方案。核心技術(shù)包括在動(dòng)力和儲(chǔ)能電池領(lǐng)域，材料、電芯、電池系統(tǒng)、電池回收二次利用等全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈研發(fā)及制造能力。成功在全球市場(chǎng)上占據(jù)一席之地，也成為國(guó)內(nèi)率先進(jìn)入國(guó)際頂尖車企供應(yīng)鏈的鋰離子動(dòng)力電池制造商。
城市礦產(chǎn)Urban Mining是指工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化過程中產(chǎn)生和蘊(yùn)藏于廢舊機(jī)電設(shè)備、電線電纜、通訊工具、汽車、家電、電子產(chǎn)品、金屬和塑料包裝物以及廢料中，可循環(huán)利用的鋼鐵、有色金屬、貴金屬、塑料、橡膠等資源。其利用量相當(dāng)于原生礦產(chǎn)資源。開展“城市礦產(chǎn)”示范基地建設(shè)是緩解資源瓶頸約束，減輕環(huán)境污染的有效途徑，也是發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要內(nèi)容。
【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個(gè)）
Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is greenwashing intended to improve brand images.
這個(gè)行業(yè)也確實(shí)談到了可持續(xù)性和回收利用的問題，但其中大部分是“漂綠”行為，目的是為了改善品牌形象。

Gigafactories are not yet exemplars of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations.
超級(jí)電池工廠還不是循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的典范，但它們起到了奠基作用。

A big part of the reason is the use of mixed textiles, which are hard to recycle.
很大一部分原因是混合紡織品的使用，而混合紡織品很難回收再利用。