passage4

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

????????The most thoroughly(完全地，極度地) studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.

????????To take this approach to(To take this approach to對(duì)...采取這種方法) the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological(神學(xué)的，神學(xué)上的)? innovations and their distinctive(獨(dú)特的，與眾不同的) ideas about the church important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility(禮貌；禮儀) and virtuosity(精湛技巧；對(duì)藝術(shù)品的愛(ài)好；).

????????The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official(這里指大臣，官員) of the Crown(王位) before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

????????We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts(手工) men or farmers, let alone(let alone更不用說(shuō),用于表示某事物更加不可能或不適用，通常用于比較兩個(gè)事物的程度。)? dependents(侍從) and servants(仆人), left literary compositions(成分,(音樂(lè),藝術(shù),詩(shī)歌的)作品(取這個(gè)意思)) to be analyzed, their thinking often had a traditional superstitious(迷信的,沒(méi)有充分根據(jù)的) quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive(decisive至關(guān)重要的) moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate(命運(yùn)), and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons(說(shuō)教,布道辭) explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.

????????Meanwhile, many settles had slighter(slight輕微的，少量的) religious commitments(commitment承諾,信仰) than Dane’s, as one clergyman(牧師,教士) learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked(mock嘲笑(文章取這個(gè)意思),模仿) that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end(目的) was to catch fish.”

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是議論文。

文章主要論述了新英格蘭教長(zhǎng)和政治領(lǐng)袖在美國(guó)智力生活、歐洲文化發(fā)展和神學(xué)變革中所起的作用，以及大部分沒(méi)有受到良好教育的新英格蘭人的迷信色彩表現(xiàn)。

36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England_________.

[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life

[B] intellectual interests were encouraged

[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors

[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment

36.作者提到在18世紀(jì)新英格蘭。

【A】清教徒的傳統(tǒng)支配著政治生活

【B】知識(shí)分子的興趣被鼓勵(lì)

【C】政治從知識(shí)分子的努力受益不少

【D】智力修養(yǎng)享受一種自由的環(huán)境

37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

37.在第二段暗示了新英格蘭人。

【A】經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)相對(duì)和平的早期歷史

【B】帶有些舊世界的文化

【C】對(duì)南方知識(shí)分子的生活關(guān)注較少

【D】被宗教創(chuàng)新所纏繞

38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay________.

[A] were famous in the New World for their writings

[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs

[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World

[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England

38.在馬塞諸塞海灣早期的達(dá)成和政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

【A】在新世界以他們的作品而文明

【B】在宗教事務(wù)中獲得了越來(lái)越多的重要性

【C】在來(lái)到新界2前，放棄了高職位

【D】在新英格蘭創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的知識(shí)氛圍

39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often _____.

[A] influenced by superstitions

[B] troubled with religious beliefs

[C] puzzled by church sermons

[D] frustrated with family earnings

39.John Dane的故事顯示了缺少文化的新英格蘭人經(jīng)常是。

【A】受迷信的影響

【B】帶有宗教信仰的困惑

【C】被教堂的布道所迷惑

【D】由于家庭收入而沮喪

40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England________.

[A] were mostly engaged in political activities

[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect

[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds

[D] left few formal records for later reference

40.文章暗示了早期在新英格蘭定居者。

【A】大部分從事政治活動(dòng)

【B】被一種虛幻的前景所激勵(lì)

【C】來(lái)自不同的知識(shí)背景

【D】對(duì)于后來(lái)的參考資料留下少量的正式記錄

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

1. intellectual n. 知識(shí)分子adj. 智力的，顯示智力的

2. preoccupation n. 當(dāng)務(wù)之急；搶先占據(jù)

3. theological adj. 神學(xué)的；神學(xué)性質(zhì)的

4. civility n. 文明，文化

5. virtuosity n. 藝術(shù)鑒別力；藝術(shù)上的精湛技巧

6. sermon n. 訓(xùn)誡，說(shuō)教，布道

7. mock v. 嘲笑；模仿；戲弄

三、閱讀答案：B B D A C

四、全文翻譯：?

????????在新世界歷史中被研究的最透徹的知識(shí)分子就是 17 世紀(jì)新英格蘭的那些教長(zhǎng)和政治領(lǐng)袖們。根據(jù)美國(guó)哲學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)歷史，殖民地美國(guó)沒(méi)有任何其他地方比新英格蘭更重視對(duì)知識(shí)和文化的追求。根據(jù)大量書(shū)籍文章記載，新英格蘭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們?yōu)樵诿绹?guó)智力生活中逐漸占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位的清教徒傳統(tǒng)確立了基本主題并搶先占據(jù)了位置。

????????從這種視角來(lái)研究新英格蘭人通常意味著要從清教徒的神學(xué)變革和他們對(duì)我們不能忽視的教會(huì)重要課題的獨(dú)特見(jiàn)解開(kāi)始。但是正好符合我們對(duì)南部智力生活的研究，我們可以把原始的清教徒看作是歐洲文化適應(yīng)新世界環(huán)境的載體。新英格蘭殖民地在追求廣泛理解的文明和情操的劇集中上演了重要的幾幕。

????????馬薩諸塞灣的早期定居者中包括一些在英格蘭受過(guò)很好的教育并且很有影響力的人物。除了 90 多位在 1629 年之后的十年內(nèi)來(lái)到馬薩諸塞教會(huì)的學(xué)識(shí)淵博的教長(zhǎng)之外，還有像 John Winthrop 這樣的政治領(lǐng)袖。John 不僅是一個(gè)受過(guò)良好教育的紳士，律師，在他來(lái)到波士頓之前他還是國(guó)王的大臣。這些人大量的寫(xiě)作，出版著作，這些著作在新舊兩個(gè)世界的讀者群中傳閱，為新英格蘭營(yíng)造了一種熱衷才智的氛圍。

????????? 然而，我們不要忘記大多數(shù)的新英格蘭居民并沒(méi)有受到過(guò)那么好的教育。很少有手工業(yè)者或是農(nóng)民留下任何的文字資料可供我們分析，更不用說(shuō)侍從和仆人了。很明顯他們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)并沒(méi)有完全地在知識(shí)領(lǐng)域中被反映出來(lái)。這些人的思維經(jīng)常充滿(mǎn)著傳統(tǒng)的迷信色彩。一個(gè)名叫 John Dane 的裁縫于 17 世紀(jì) 30年代晚期移民至此，留下了一些文字記錄他離開(kāi)英格蘭的原因，而這些文字就充滿(mǎn)了這樣的征兆。性困惑、經(jīng)濟(jì)受挫、宗教希望這些都在那個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻匯集到了一起：他打開(kāi)圣經(jīng)，并且告訴他的父親他看到的第一行字將決定他的命運(yùn)，然后他就讀出了那句充滿(mǎn)魔力的句子：“從他們中間走出來(lái)，不要觸碰任何不干凈的東西，我將是你們的上帝，而你們將成為我的子民?！比藗兌己芎闷娈?dāng) Dane 在清教徒教會(huì)中聽(tīng)到這些嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)母Ｒ粜v時(shí)到底在想些什么。

????????與此同時(shí)，很多人就沒(méi)有像 Dane 那樣堅(jiān)定的宗教信仰了。正如一個(gè)牧師在海邊與人相遇時(shí)所獲知的那樣，那人以嘲笑的口吻說(shuō)到他們并不是為了宗教信仰而來(lái)到新世界的?！拔覀冏钪饕哪康氖遣遏~(yú)?！蹦莻€(gè)人說(shuō)到。