冬季是流感病毒、氣管炎、哮喘、風(fēng)濕與類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等疾病的流行季節(jié)，“中招”的人群往往是年齡較小的兒童和老年人，冬季氣候嚴寒干燥，人體免疫力較為低下，稍有不慎各種疾病便找上門來。

Winter is the epidemic season for influenza virus, tracheitis, asthma, rheumatism, Rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. The target people are often younger children and the elderly. Winter is cold and dry, and human immunity is relatively low. A little carelessness brings various diseases to the door.

中醫(yī)理論中講到“冬病夏治”，“三伏天”是一年中最炎熱的時候（七月中旬至八月上旬），此時正值人體陽氣最旺盛的時候來調(diào)整人體的陰陽平衡，《素問·陰陽應(yīng)象大論》中提到：“陰盛則陽病，陽盛則陰病?！贝笠饩褪侨梭w內(nèi)陰陽失調(diào)就會導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生。

In traditional Chinese medicine theory, it is mentioned that ："Winter diseases are cured in summer."Sanfu days(also called the dog days in summer) are the hottest time of the year (from mid July to early August), when the body's yang?energy is at its peak to adjust the balance of yin?and yang. The Su Wen · Yin Yang Correspondence Theory?mentions: "The high level of yin?leads to yang diseases, and the high level of yang?leads to yin?diseases." The main idea is that the imbalance of yin and yang in the body will lead to the occurrence of diseases.

對于預(yù)防和減輕冬季疾病的發(fā)生，可利用三伏貼做防護。三伏貼出自距今四百多年前的清代名醫(yī)張璐的《張氏醫(yī)通》記載的白芥子發(fā)泡療法，原文中寫道：“冷哮灸肺俞、膏俞、天突，有應(yīng)有不應(yīng)，夏月三伏中，用白芥子涂法，往往獲效。方用白芥子一兩、延胡索一兩，甘遂、細辛各半兩，共為細末入麝香半錢，杵勻，姜汁調(diào)涂肺俞、膏肓、百勞等穴，涂后麻瞀疼痛，切勿便去，候三柱香足，方可去之。十日后涂一次，如此三次，病根去矣！”該療法藥物以麻黃、白芥子、甘遂等辛溫散寒的藥為主調(diào)配而成，分別在頭伏、中伏、末伏的第一天將藥膏貼于后背肺俞、心俞、膈俞等穴位來提升陽氣，最后達到“冬病夏治”的目的。

To prevent and reduce the winter diseases, you can use Sanfutie?for protection. The Sanfutie?originated from the white mustard seed foaming therapy recorded in the?Zhang's Medical Manual written by Zhang Lu, a famous doctor of the Qing Dynasty more than 400 years ago, The original text states: "Cold wheezing moxibustion on Feishu, Jiaoshu and Tiantu has its own reasons. In the sanfu?days, white mustard seeds are often effective. One or two white mustard seeds and one or two Corydalis yanhusuo seeds are used in the prescription. Gansui and Asarum are both half. A total of half a penny of fine powder is poured into musk, and the pestle is even. Ginger juice is mixed into Feishu, Jiemian, Bailao and other points. After sticking it on your back, you will feel painful. Do not take it off until three hours later. You should repeat it again ten days later. If you do so three times, the serious disease will go away!" This therapeutic drug is mainly composed of herbs such as ephedra, white mustard seed, and kansui, which are used to warm and disperse colds. On the mid-July,late July to early August, and mid-August, the ointment is applied to acupoints such as the lung, heart,and diaphragm to enhance yang, achieving the goal of curing winter diseases in summer ultimately.

發(fā)展史

張璐的“白芥子涂法”廣傳于民間，民國時期著名中醫(yī)施今墨十分推崇《張氏醫(yī)通》，讓徒弟劉松庵研讀整理出方藥，并提出“白芥子涂法關(guān)鍵在白芥子的炮制和用量，白芥子可除皮里膜外之痰”。劉松庵在跟隨施今墨學(xué)徒臨證過程中，深入挖掘研究，深得真?zhèn)鳎?/span>并應(yīng)用這一傳統(tǒng)療法，并將施今墨治療咳喘病的立法、方藥特點、膏方的制作特點運用到后來所制的“咳喘膏”中。張宗文師從過劉松庵，隨后在長期研究白芥子的炮制中積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗，并搜集吸取了許多散落在民間治療咳喘特效方和外治方法。最后，張宗文將“白芥子涂法”更名為“三伏咳喘膏貼治”。

經(jīng)過幾代人的鉆研與實踐成就了如今天津公安醫(yī)院的三伏咳喘膏（市級第五批非遺級別的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥），它是一種傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)的治療手法、預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)手段。三伏貼療結(jié)合了針灸、經(jīng)絡(luò)與中藥學(xué)，以中藥直接貼敷于穴位，經(jīng)由中藥對穴位產(chǎn)生微面積化學(xué)性、熱性刺激達到治病、防病的效果。三伏貼根據(jù)中醫(yī)“冬病夏治”的理論，對一些在冬季容易產(chǎn)生、復(fù)發(fā)或加重的疾病，在夏季進行扶正培本的治療，以鼓舞正氣，增加機體抗病能力，從而達到防治疾病的目的。三伏貼可疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)，調(diào)理氣血，寬胸降氣，健脾和胃，鼓舞陽氣，調(diào)節(jié)人體的肺脾功能，使機體的免疫功能不斷增強，從而達到振奮陽氣、促進血液循環(huán)、祛除寒邪、提高衛(wèi)外功能的效果。

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Development History

Zhang Lu's "white mustard seed coating method" was widely spread among the people. During the Republic of China, Shi Jinmo who was a famous Chinese medicine doctor, highly praised the Zhang's Medical Manual, asked his student Liu Song'an to study and sort out data about medicine, and proposed that :"The key of white mustard seed coating method is the processing and dosage of white mustard seed, which can remove the phlegm from the skin and lining." In the process of following Shi Jinmo's apprentice's clinical practice, Liu Song'an deeply explored and studied, gained the truth, applied this traditional therapy, and applied Shi Jinmo's legislation, prescription characteristics, and paste making characteristics to the later "cough and asthma ointment". Zhang Zongwen had followed Liu Song'an and accumulated rich experience in long-term research on the preparation of white mustard seeds. He also collected and absorbed many scattered folk remedies and external treatment methods for cough and asthma. Finally, Zhang Zongwen renamed the "White Mustard Seed Application Method" to "Sanfu Kechuan Paste Treatment".

After several generations of research and practice, the Sanfu?Cough and Asthma Cream (the fifth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage level traditional medicine) of Tianjin Public Security Hospital has been achieved. It is a treatment technique of traditional Chinese medicine and a means of preventive healthcare. Sanfutie therapy combines acupuncture and moxibustion, meridians and traditional Chinese medicine, and applies Chinese medicine directly to the acupoints. Through the chemical and thermal stimulation of Chinese medicine on the acupoints, it can achieve the effect of treating and preventing diseases. According to the theory of "treating winter diseases in summer" in Chinese medicine, Sanfutie is used to treat some diseases that are easy to occur, recur or worsen in winter. It is used to invigorate the vital energy and increase the body's resistance to diseases in summer, so as to achieve the goal of disease prevention and treatment. Sanfutie can dredge the meridians, regulate the qi?and blood, widen the chest and lower the?qi,?strengthen the spleen and stomach, stimulate the yang, regulate the lung and spleen functions of the human body, and constantly enhance the immune function of the body, so as to achieve the effect of invigorating yang,?promoting blood circulation, eliminating cold pathogens, and improving the external defense function.

目前第五代三伏咳喘膏處方及傳統(tǒng)制作技藝代表性傳承人熊湘明（現(xiàn)任天津市公安醫(yī)院中醫(yī)科主任，主任醫(yī)師）充分繼承歷代傳承人關(guān)于“三伏咳喘膏”立法、立方、炮制制作技藝，制定炮制技藝規(guī)范流程，負責(zé)咳喘膏歷史傳承，發(fā)掘整理等傳承工作。每逢伏天時期，前往天津公安醫(yī)院的患者數(shù)不勝數(shù)，貼過其三伏咳喘膏的人都豎起大拇指贊口不絕，中醫(yī)傳統(tǒng)制劑方法不論是在三伏咳喘膏制作的過程或治療效果都體現(xiàn)了中醫(yī)的特色和魅力。

At present, Xiong Xiangming, the representative successor of the fifth generation of the prescription and traditional production techniques of Sanfu?cough and asthma cream (now the director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin Public Security Hospital and the Chief physician), fully inherits the legislation, cube, processing and production techniques of previous generations of successors on "Sanfu cough and asthma cream", formulates the standardized process of processing technology, and is responsible for the historical inheritance, exploration and sorting of cough and asthma cream. During the dog days, countless patients go to Tianjin Public Security Hospital, and those who have applied their Sanfu Kechuan Ointment give thumbs up in praise. Traditional Chinese medicine preparation methods, whether in the process of making Sanfu Kechuan?Ointment or in the treatment effect, reflect the characteristics and charm of traditional Chinese medicine.

如何使用三伏貼及注意事項

※三伏貼并非適用于所有人，適應(yīng)癥為支氣管哮喘等呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，注意，三伏貼適合虛寒型疾病的人群，關(guān)于熱性疾病都不適宜三伏貼治療。

※適合治療的人年齡為出生六個月以上的小兒、兒童以及成人，成人貼敷不能超過六個小時，低齡兒童應(yīng)為兩小時。起初貼上去會有冰涼的感覺，稍后會有發(fā)熱發(fā)癢的感覺，皮膚敏感的患者若在貼敷的過程中此現(xiàn)象加重應(yīng)及時取下藥物。在貼敷的過程中適宜靜養(yǎng)，不要去涼爽的地方避免毛孔遇冷收縮，從而影響療效，貼敷過后的部位皮膚較為敏感，不要刺激它。

※敷貼的最佳日子是每伏的第一天，貼敷應(yīng)選擇白天為好，因為一天之內(nèi)白天陽氣最盛，每10天貼一次為一個療程并且連續(xù)貼三年。

※治療過程中慎用辛辣、寒性、油膩的食物。

※請在醫(yī)生的建議下用藥。

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Instructions and precautions

※It is not suitable for all people, and its indication is Respiratory disease such as bronchial asthma. It is suitable for people with deficiency cold disease, and not suitable for treatment of heat diseases.

※The suitable age for treatment is infant(born at least six months old),children, and adults. The application for adults should not exceed six hours, it should be two hours for young children. At first, there will be a cold feeling when applied, but later there will be a feeling of fever and itching. Patients with sensitive skin should promptly remove the medication if this phenomenon worsens during the application process. During the ?process, it is advisable to rest and not go to cool places to avoid pores contracting when cold, which can affect the therapeutic effect. The skin on the area after application is more sensitive and should not be stimulated.

※The best day for applying is on the first day of each mid-July,late July to early August, and mid-August?, and it is best to choose the daytime for the application because the yang?energy is at peak during the whole day. Applying once every 10 days is a treatment course and lasts for three years.

※Be cautious when using spicy, cold, and greasy foods during the treatment process.

※Please follow the guidance of a doctor before take medication.

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撰稿：戴璐璐

宣傳發(fā)布：戴璐璐