自1920年根據(jù)約瑟夫·畢蘇斯基 (Józef Pi?sudski) 元帥的法令成立以來(lái)，波蘭軍事博物館始終未曾擁有展示其特色藏品的總部，而館內(nèi)藏品已超30萬(wàn)件。在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展之后，博物館終于向公眾開(kāi)放了現(xiàn)代化的總部，設(shè)有永久展覽區(qū)和舉辦臨時(shí)展覽和文化活動(dòng)的大廳空間。新的建筑由WXCA建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)。

WXCA建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所于2009年贏得了華沙城堡波蘭軍事博物館新總部的國(guó)際建筑和城市設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽。WXCA的獲獎(jiǎng)概念對(duì)場(chǎng)地在沙皇防御工事建立之前的歷史進(jìn)行了回溯。規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)借鑒了波蘭皇家近衛(wèi)兵營(yíng)和中心廣場(chǎng)在18世紀(jì)的空間布局形式，圍合在波蘭軍事博物館的北樓和南樓，以及波蘭歷史博物館總部的兩座翼樓之間。

基于競(jìng)賽獲獎(jiǎng)概念打造的特色綜合體，將與華沙城堡的X館和歷史堡壘遺址上已有的卡廷博物館共同構(gòu)成歐洲規(guī)模最大、最現(xiàn)代化的博物館建筑群之一。該建筑群不僅是紀(jì)念和文化空間，更重要的是成為華沙居民日?；顒?dòng)的場(chǎng)所。被磚墻封閉至今的超30公頃的廣闊綠地也將與這座19世紀(jì)的防御工事一同面向華沙人開(kāi)放。

WXCA建筑師在他們的設(shè)計(jì)概念中傳達(dá)了軍事表征，通過(guò)波蘭軍事博物館嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膸缀谓Y(jié)構(gòu)以及波蘭皇家衛(wèi)隊(duì)廣場(chǎng)兩側(cè)緊湊的布局來(lái)表達(dá)。南樓首先落成，其建筑表達(dá)由使用材料的材質(zhì)、視覺(jué)特性及應(yīng)用方式來(lái)定義。建筑師采用了彩色建筑混凝土材料，與華沙城堡的磚墻相呼應(yīng)。巨大的體塊表面印有特別設(shè)計(jì)的圖案，設(shè)計(jì)以此化解了結(jié)構(gòu)的巨大體量。V形圖案巧妙地傳遞出軍事意味。空間形式被構(gòu)想為光影交錯(cuò)雕刻的表面，并隨著一天中時(shí)間的變化影響人們對(duì)建筑的整體感知。每一個(gè)裝飾模塊的尺寸都由WXCA的建筑師依據(jù)人的尺度尤其是手的尺寸來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)，從而呈現(xiàn)出具有層次感的美學(xué)體驗(yàn)。當(dāng)人們接近宏偉、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕ㄖ黧w時(shí)首先注意到的是獨(dú)特的立面細(xì)節(jié)。

波蘭軍事博物館南樓由八個(gè)功能區(qū)構(gòu)成，其中四個(gè)為永久展覽區(qū)。規(guī)模最大的三個(gè)體量用于展示波蘭從建國(guó)初至二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束期間的武器歷史，另一個(gè)則收藏東方的武器。第五個(gè)體量設(shè)有臨時(shí)展覽廳，也是博物館的核心區(qū)域，用于舉辦特色活動(dòng)和紀(jì)念性展覽。這個(gè)大廳無(wú)限的靈活性將成為人們不斷造訪波蘭軍事博物館的原因。近6000平方米的展覽空間由三個(gè)體量補(bǔ)充：一個(gè)用于游客服務(wù)設(shè)施，其中包括辦公和管理空間、一個(gè)最多可容納百人的視聽(tīng)區(qū)域，以及倉(cāng)庫(kù)和技術(shù)辦公區(qū)域。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)立足于特定建筑體塊間的空間及張力，整體被設(shè)計(jì)為各色展覽的簡(jiǎn)潔背景。

建筑師 Pawe? Wolanin表示：“功能體塊之間的玻璃幕墻模糊了室內(nèi)外的界限。綠色空間將舉辦戶外展覽，同時(shí)華沙城堡的一些歷史建筑也將被改造為游客服務(wù)設(shè)施，博物館通過(guò)其他一些方式與公園相呼應(yīng)。我們將整個(gè)綜合體的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和公園空間視為一個(gè)不可分割的整體，這正是我們談到的“博物館公園”一詞的含義，這顛覆并超越了博物館空間的傳統(tǒng)思維。”

波蘭軍事博物館北樓將于二期開(kāi)發(fā)完成。這兩座建筑將構(gòu)成華沙新興的博物館建筑群的核心——博物館城堡，其中涵蓋波蘭歷史博物館的總部。項(xiàng)目將成為歐洲當(dāng)今規(guī)模最大、最現(xiàn)代化的博物館建筑群之一。

波蘭軍事博物館項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)作者包括：Szczepan Wroński、Marta S?kulska Wrońska、Pawe? Grodzicki、Krzysztof Budzisz、Pawe? Wolanin、Krystian Tomczyk、Katarzyna Billik、Ewelina Szel?g、Anna Dobek、Kajetan Szostok、Ma?gorzata Gilarska、Micha? Grabowski、Barbara P?onczyńska、Marcin Jurusik、Marcin Bieńka、Adrianna Nowak、Ma?gorzata D?bowska、Andrzej Bulanda

WXCA是波蘭最負(fù)盛名和贊譽(yù)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所之一，并屢次榮獲國(guó)際性認(rèn)可。WXCA的建筑師團(tuán)隊(duì)承擔(dān)了2020年迪拜世博會(huì)的波蘭館設(shè)計(jì)，以及華沙城堡內(nèi)波蘭歷史博物館和波蘭軍事博物館的博物館綜合體的設(shè)計(jì)，并曾兩次榮獲歐盟著名的密斯凡德羅獎(jiǎng)提名。

Although the Polish Army Museum was established back in 1920 by a decree of Marshall Józef Pi?sudski, the institution never had its own headquarters where it could present its unique collection, now amounting to over 300,000 exhibits. Today, after more than 100 years of existence, the museum can finally invite the public to its modern headquarters, which also includes a permanent exhibition as well as a hall for temporary exhibitions and cultural events. The new building was designed by the WXCA Architectural Design Studio.

The WXCA Architectural Design Studio won the international architecture and urban design competition for the new headquarters of the Polish Army Museum at the Warsaw Citadel in 2009. One of the aspects for which the concept of the WXCA architects was awarded included reaching back to the history of the place before the erection of the tsarist fortifications. The authors proposed an urban layout that draws from the 18th century spatial composition of the Polish Royal Foot Guard barracks and centrally positioned square. It is boxed in on both sides by the North and South Buildings of the Polish Army Museum and between two wings of the headquarters of the Polish History Museum. The representative complex that was based on the competition concept, along with the X Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel and the Katyń Museum already located on site of the historic fortress, will together form one of the largest and most modern museum complexes in Europe. This complex will be a place of remembrance and cultural goods and also – perhaps first and foremost – a place of everyday activities of Warsaw's residents. This is because over 30 hectares of expansive greenery that were so far closed off behind a brick wall will also be made available to Varsovians together with the 19th century fortification.

The WXCA architects also alluded to motives of military symbolics in their concept, which was expressed by a geometric, disciplined form of structures of the Polish Army Museum and their compact organisation from two sides of the square of the Polish Royal Foot Guards. The South Building was the first to be completed. Its architectural expression is defined by physical and visual properties of the applied materials and the method of working them. The architects decided to use coloured architectural concrete that refers to the brick walls of the Warsaw Citadel. The designers broke up the monumentality of the structure by a specially designed pattern that was imprinted on the surface of the massive blocks. This chevron pattern was intended to subtly invoke military motives. Its spatial form was conceived as a surface for the sculptural interplay of light and shadows that change depending on the time of day, thus, transforming the overall perception of the building. The size of a single module of the ornament was designed by the WXCA architects with reference to a human scale, specifically, that of a human hand, which results in a gradation of the aesthetic experience – when approaching the monumental, rigorous body of the building it is the fa?ade detail that first comes to the fore.

The South Building of the Polish Army Museum comprises eight functional blocks. Four of them are intended to house the permanent exhibition. The three largest blocks are dedicated to the history of Polish Arms, from the beginnings of Poland's statehood right up to the end of the Second World War. The fourth ?is devoted to the oriental weaponry collection. The fifth block, considered the heart of the museum, houses the Temporary Exhibition Hall – a space meant for special events and commemorative exhibitions. The variability of this hall will be a reason to keep returning to the Polish Army Museum. Close to 6,000 m2 of exhibition space will be complemented by three blocks: one for visitor services and facilities including office and administrative facilities, an audiovisual block with a capacity of up to 100 people, and a warehouse and technical office block. The interiors rely on the spatial tensions between specific building bodies and the spaces between them. As a whole, it was designed as a minimalist background for the presented exposition.

"There are glass fa?ades between the functional block bodies that blur the boundaries between the interiors and the exteriors. The Museum corresponds with the park also in other ways, as there will be outdoor exhibition spaces among the green areas and some of the Warsaw Citadel historic buildings will be adapted to house visitor services and facilities. We treated the architectural structures of the entire complex and park space as an indissoluble whole. This is exactly what we mean by the term "museum park", which challenges and goes beyond traditional thinking about museum space," heralds architect Pawe? Wolanin.

The North Building of the Polish Army Museum will be completed on the second stage of the development. Both buildings will constitute the central elements of the emerging museum complex in Warsaw – the Citadel of Museums, which also comprises the Polish History Museum headquarters. It will be one of the largest and most modern museum complexes in today's Europe.

Polish Army Museum Project authors:?Szczepan Wroński, Marta S?kulska Wrońska, Pawe? Grodzicki, Krzysztof Budzisz, Pawe? Wolanin, Krystian Tomczyk, Katarzyna Billik, Ewelina Szel?g, Anna Dobek, Kajetan Szostok, Ma?gorzata Gilarska, Micha? Grabowski, Barbara P?onczyńska, Marcin Jurusik, Marcin Bieńka, Adrianna Nowak, Ma?gorzata D?bowska, Andrzej Bulanda

WXCA is one of the most prestigious and best-known Polish architectural design studios, often attaining international recognition. The architects at WXCA are also responsible for the design of the Polish Pavilion at World Expo 2020 in Dubai and for the museum complex at the Warsaw Citadel housing the Polish History Museum and Polish Army Museum. The studio was twice nominated for the prestigious EU Mies van der Rohe Award.

Website:?www.wxca.pl

Social media:

https://www.facebook.com/wxcawarsaw

www.instagram.com/wxca_architekci/

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