THE AGE OF EMPIRE: THE NEW KINGDOM

帝國(guó)時(shí)代：新王國(guó)

The New Kingdom period (1550–1069 BC) was Egypt’s age of empire, during which Egyptians embarked on foreign conquest on a large scale. Under a series of ambitious rulers, Egyptian borders stretched from Syria to the Sudan. Diplomacy was established with foreign countries, and slaves and tributes poured in from conquered nations.

新王國(guó)時(shí)期（公元前1550-1069年）是埃及的帝國(guó)時(shí)代，在此期間，埃及人開始大規(guī)模的對(duì)外征服。在一系列雄心勃勃的統(tǒng)治者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，埃及的邊界從敘利亞延伸但蘇丹。與外國(guó)建立外交關(guān)系，奴隸和貢品從被征服的國(guó)家蜂擁而至。

Hatshepsut and Thutmose III

哈特謝普蘇特和圖特摩斯三世

Egypt’s first great female leader, Hatshepsut, came to power during the 18th dynasty. When her husband, Thutmose II, died about 1479 BC, the throne passed to his son Thutmose III. As Thutmose III was still an infant, Hatshepsut at first acted as regent for the young king.

埃及第一位偉大的女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人哈特謝普蘇特在第十八王朝掌權(quán)。當(dāng)她的丈夫于公元前1479年去世時(shí)，王位傳給了他的兒子圖特摩斯三世。由于圖特摩斯三世還是個(gè)嬰兒，哈特謝普蘇特?fù)?dān)任攝政王。

Following Hatshepsut’s death in about 1458 BC, Thutmose III took over in his own right. He was a skilled general who led many successful military campaigns that established Egyptian supremacy in parts of Syria and western Asia.

約公元前1458年，哈特謝普蘇特去世后，圖特摩斯三世憑借自己的力量接管了政權(quán)。他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的將軍，領(lǐng)到了許多成功的軍事行動(dòng)，確立了埃及在敘利亞和西亞部分地區(qū)的霸主地位。

Upon his death, Egypt controlled Nubia, parts of Canaan (modern-day Israel), and the coasts of Syria and Lebanon. Thutmose’s reign marked the height of ancient Egypt’s power and wealth.

他死后，埃及控制了努比亞，迦南，以及敘利亞和黎巴嫩的海岸。圖特摩斯的統(tǒng)治標(biāo)志著古埃及的權(quán)力和財(cái)富達(dá)到頂峰。

Amenhotep III and Akhenaton

圖特摩斯三世和埃赫那吞

Thutmose IV’s son Amenhotep III, who ruled from 1390 to 1353 BC, built the magnificent Temple of Luxor in Thebes and ordered the construction of the colossal seated statues called the Colossi of Memnon.

圖特摩斯四世的兒子阿蒙霍特普三世于公元前1390年至1353年統(tǒng)治底比斯，他在底比斯建造了宏偉的盧克索神廟，并下令被稱為門農(nóng)巨像的巨大坐姿雕像。

Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaton, a name meaning “beneficial to the Aton,” and he moved the capital of Egypt to a new site called Akhetaton. He married Nefertiti, a woman known for her great beauty.

阿蒙霍特普四世改名為埃赫那吞，意思是“有益于阿吞”，他把埃及首都搬到了一個(gè)叫做埃赫塔吞的新址。娶了以美麗著稱的納芙蒂蒂。

Akhenaton’s successor, King Tutankhamen, who took the throne in 1333 BC when he was only about nine years old and who ruled until his death in 1323 BC, restored the traditional Egyptian religion. During his short reign, he also returned the capital to Thebes. King Tutankhamen is famous for his extravagantly furnished tomb, which was discovered intact in the Valley of the Kings in 1922.

埃赫那吞的繼任者圖坦卡蒙在公元前1333年登基，當(dāng)時(shí)只有九歲左右，到公元前1323年去世。在他短暫的統(tǒng)治期間，恢復(fù)了傳統(tǒng)宗教，將首都遷回到底比斯。圖坦卡蒙以其陳設(shè)奢華的陵墓而聞名，1922年在帝王谷發(fā)現(xiàn)了完好無(wú)損的陵墓。

Ramses II and Ramses III

拉美西斯二世和拉美西斯三世

Ramses II came to power in 1279 BC and reigned for more than 60 years. He quelled rebellions in southern Syria and fought the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh. He captured towns in Galilee and Amor, but, unable to defeat the Hittites, he agreed to a peace treaty in 1258 BC. He married one and perhaps two of the Hittite king’s daughters, and the later part of his reign was free from war.

拉美西斯二世于公元前1279年掌權(quán)，統(tǒng)治了60多年。他平息了敘利亞南部的叛亂，并在卡迭石戰(zhàn)役中與赫梯人作戰(zhàn)。他占領(lǐng)了加利利和阿莫爾的城鎮(zhèn)，但由于無(wú)法擊敗赫梯人，他在公元前1258年簽署了一項(xiàng)和平條約。他娶了赫梯國(guó)王的一個(gè)或兩個(gè)女兒，他統(tǒng)治的后期沒有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

Early on he built a city in the Nile delta as a base for military campaigns and resumed construction of the temple of Osiris, begun by his father, Seti I. He added to the temple at Karnak and completed a temple for his father at Luxor. For his wife, Nefertari, he had two mountains crafted into temples at Abu Simbel. One was dedicated to her and the other to himself.

早些時(shí)候，他在尼羅河三角洲建造了一座城市，作為軍事行動(dòng)基地，并恢復(fù)了奧西里斯神廟的建造，這是由他父親塞提一世開始的，他增加了卡納克的神廟，并在盧克索為他的父親完成了一座神廟。為了他的妻子奈菲爾塔利，他把兩座山精心制作成了阿布辛貝神廟，一個(gè)獻(xiàn)給她，另一個(gè)獻(xiàn)給自己。

Ramses III (ruled 1187–1156 BCE) is believed to be the last great ancient Egyptian king. He enjoyed military victory against foreign invaders in three great wars.

拉美西斯三世（公元前1187-1156年）被認(rèn)為是最后一位偉大的古埃及國(guó)王。他在三次大戰(zhàn)中取得了對(duì)外國(guó)侵略者的軍事勝利。

During the Third Intermediate Period (1075–656 BC), Theban priests gained control of much of the southern Nile River valley while foreign rulers controlled territory elsewhere.

在第三中間期（公元前1069-747年）祭司控制了上埃及地區(qū)，外國(guó)統(tǒng)治者控制了其他地區(qū)。

During the Late Period (664–332 BC), Egypt’s power continued to wane. Persia conquered Egypt from 525 BC until 404 BC. Three brief Egyptian dynasties followed, the last of which fell to a second Persian conquest in 341 BC.

后期（公元前747-332）埃及的力量繼續(xù)減弱，從公元前525年到公元前404年，波斯征服了埃及。隨后是三個(gè)短暫的埃及王朝，最后一個(gè)王朝在公元前332落入波斯第二次征服之手。

詞匯短語(yǔ)：

empire 帝國(guó)

embark on 著手

conquest 征服

scale 規(guī)模

ambitious 野心勃勃的

border 邊界

stretch 延伸

diplomacy 外交

established 建立

tribute 貢品

female 女性

throne 王位

infant 嬰兒

regent 攝政王

take over 接管

skilled 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的

successful 成功

military 軍事的

battle 戰(zhàn)斗

campaign 戰(zhàn)役

defeat 擊敗

fight 打斗

supremacy 至高無(wú)上

controlled 控制的

coast 海岸

magnificent 壯觀的

colossal 巨大的

colossi 巨人

statue 雕像

beneficial 有益的

aton 阿吞神

successor 繼承人

religion 宗教

extravagantly 奢侈的

furnish 裝飾

reign 統(tǒng)治

quell 平息

rebellion 叛亂

treaty 條約

victory 勝利

against 反對(duì)

invader 侵略者

priest 祭司

gain 獲得

territory 領(lǐng)土

elsewhere 別處

wane 減弱

brief 短暫的