重難點(diǎn)分析

介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。介詞是每年高考語(yǔ)法填空題型設(shè)置考點(diǎn)的必考點(diǎn)！應(yīng)予以重視。平日多多積累固定搭配和介詞的習(xí)慣用法是上策。

一、介詞從結(jié)構(gòu)上分類(lèi)一覽表

介詞的分類(lèi)

簡(jiǎn)單介詞

只有單獨(dú)一個(gè)詞的介詞：after, at, on, in, during, ? since, till/until等(時(shí)間介詞)；across, over, through, ? past, near, to, above等(方位介詞)；by, for, down, ? from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, ? about, against, along, among, around等

復(fù)合

介詞

由兩個(gè)單一詞合成的介詞：into, inside, onto, ? outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without等

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短語(yǔ)

介詞

形容詞、分詞或副詞+介詞：according to, ? away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to等

連詞+介詞：as for, as to, because ? of等

介詞+介詞（又稱(chēng)雙重介詞）：from among, ? from behind, from under, till after等

介詞+名詞+介詞：by means of, in ? front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to等

名詞+介詞：thanks to

由其他詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)用

分詞

concerning 關(guān)于，considering 鑒于，including 包括，regarding 關(guān)于

形容詞或副詞

like 像，near 接近，opposite 在……對(duì)面，unlike 不像，round 圍繞……，next 和……接鄰

連詞

than 比，but 除了……之外

名詞

despite 不管、不顧

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二、主要介詞的區(qū)別

1. 表示時(shí)間的at, in, on

at表示片刻的時(shí)間。如：at 8 a.m.。常用詞組有：at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。

in表示一段時(shí)間。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。

on指具體的或特定的日子。如：on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。

2. 表示時(shí)間的for, since與from

for后接時(shí)間段的名詞詞組，表示行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。如：

Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那個(gè)小山村住了差不多30年。

since后接過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示“自從……以來(lái)”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。如：

We haven’t seen each other since 2005. 自從2005年以來(lái)，我們彼此沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。

from“自……起”，可與多種時(shí)態(tài)連用。如：

I hope to do morning exercises from today. 我希望從今天早晨開(kāi)始鍛煉身體。

3. 表示時(shí)間的in與after

in+時(shí)間段，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如：We will be back in three days. 我們將在3天后回來(lái)。

after+時(shí)間段，一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如：After two months, he returned. 兩個(gè)月后，他回來(lái)了。

注意：after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可用于過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

After seven, the rain began to fall. 七點(diǎn)后開(kāi)始下雨。

We will leave after lunch. 我們將在午飯后動(dòng)身。

4. 表示方位的in, on與to

in表示“在……內(nèi)”。如：Beijing is in the north of China. 北京位于華北。

on指“與……接壤、在河/江畔”。如：North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鮮與中國(guó)的東部接壤。

to指在境外某方向，只強(qiáng)調(diào)方向。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東方。

5. 表示“在……上”的on與in

on只表示在某物的表面上。如：

There is a book on the piece of paper. 有一本書(shū)在這頁(yè)紙上。

There is a mark on your skirt. 你裙子上有一塊斑。

in表示占去某物的一部分。如：

There is an interesting article in the newspaper. 報(bào)紙上有一篇有趣的文章。

He dug a hole in the wall. 他在墻上挖了一個(gè)洞。

6. 表示“穿過(guò)……”的through, across與over

through指從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)；across則指表面上的橫穿；over指從上方過(guò)去、跨越。如：

The elephant can’t go through the gate. 大象不能從門(mén)里穿過(guò)。

I help the blind man across the road. 我?guī)椭俏幻と诉^(guò)馬路。

He climbed over the wall. 他從墻上爬了過(guò)去。

7. in the end, at the end of與by the end of

in the end意為“最后、終于”，與at last, finally同義。如：

In the end they reached a safe place. 最后，他們終于到達(dá)了一個(gè)安全的地方。

at the end of表示“在……末尾、到……盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間或位置，也可指物體。如：

At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. 馬路的盡頭有一個(gè)漂亮的花園。

They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. 他們決定在這個(gè)周末舉行一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。

by the end of意為“到……末為止”，只能指時(shí)間。常用于完成時(shí)，也用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

By the end of the holiday, I had spent all my money. 到假期結(jié)束時(shí)，我已經(jīng)花光了自己所有的錢(qián)。

By the end of the week, you will have a clear idea of what your eating habits are. 到這周末你便會(huì)清楚自己的飲食習(xí)慣了。

8. between與among

between一般表示兩者之間。如：

You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父親之間吧。

among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：

The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那個(gè)女孩很快就消失在人群之中。

注意：①有時(shí)雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或事物，但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)兩兩相互間的關(guān)系，仍用between。如：

Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同國(guó)家之間達(dá)成了協(xié)議。

②在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用between。如：

They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley. 他們不知道小麥、燕麥與大麥之間的區(qū)別。

9. besides, but, except與except for

besides指“除了……還有”，與in addition to/apart from/aside from同義。作連接副詞時(shí)，意為“此外”。如：Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，還有兩名外籍教師出席了會(huì)議。

but作介詞時(shí)，意為“除了(……之外)”，常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, no等詞和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。如：Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻瓜誰(shuí)會(huì)做這樣的事？

except與except for都意為“除……外”，兩者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的詞同整體詞（主語(yǔ)）一般是同類(lèi)，指在同類(lèi)的整體中除去一個(gè)部分。except for后接的詞同整體詞（主語(yǔ)）不是同類(lèi)的，指從整體中除去一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。如：

The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日這家公司每天都營(yíng)業(yè)。

His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，他的日記寫(xiě)得還不錯(cuò)。

10. 表示用工具和手段的by, in與with

by表用工具(by train/hand/land/e-mail…)或手段(by reading…)，其后的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞。如：

by hand 手工?????????? by this means 用這種方法

with表用有形的工具或身體某些器官(with a pencil/our eyes)，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞修飾。如：

They are writing with chalk. 他們用粉筆寫(xiě)字。

in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語(yǔ)言、聲音等。如：

in English 用英語(yǔ)??????? in a low voice 低聲地；小聲地

11. as與like

as指身份、資格，意為“作為”。如：

Let me speak to you as a father. (事實(shí)上是父親)

like意為“像……一樣”。如：

Let me speak to you like a father. (事實(shí)上不是父親)

12. 表示“隨著……”的as與with

as為連詞，后接從句。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse. 隨著日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越來(lái)越糟了。

with為介詞，后接名詞或代詞等。如：With spring coming on, the weather gets warmer. 隨著春天的到來(lái)，天氣越來(lái)越暖和了。

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。

1. (1) __________ the night of May 4th, my good friend left for Canada.

(2) __________ night you can see the stars in the sky.

(3) __________ a cold morning Marie was woken up by a loud noise.

(4) __________ the morning she often has milk and some bread for breakfast.

(5) __________ the 1970s we had a hard time.

2. (1) Kate is writing __________ a friend of hers.

(2) Kate is writing __________ a piece of paper.

(3) Kate is writing __________ in blue ink.

(4) Kate is writing __________ a piece of chalk on the blackboard.

(5) Kate is writing a letter __________ an old man who can’t write.

3. (1) We all passed the exam __________ the end.

(2) We had finished learning five books __________ the end of last term.

(3) We will hold a party __________ the end of this term.

4. (1) The apples __________ the tree are ripe.

(2) The birds __________ the tree are singing merrily.

(3) There is a map of China __________ the back wall.

(4) There is a small hole __________ the wall.

5. (1) China lies __________ the west of Japan.

(2) Canada lies __________ the north of USA.

(3) Canada lies __________ the north of North America.

6. (1) He can do everything __________ cooking.

(2) He can speak two other languages __________ English.

(3) He did nothing __________ watched TV all day.

(4) The road was empty __________ several cars at that time.

7. (1) The man tried to walk __________ the big rock.

(2) The man walked __________ the road and got on a bus.

(3) The man saw some beautiful birds when walking __________ the woods.

8. (1) There is no secret __________ you and me.

(2) You are the tallest __________ my friends.

(3) There is a break __________ classes.

9. (1) __________ time passed, things seemed to get worse.

(2) __________ time going by, he knows more and more.

10. (1) He will leave for Korea __________ three days.

(2) He went to Beijing and returned __________ three days.

(3) He will be back __________ 3 p.m.

(4) He has lived in Paris __________ three years ago.

(5) It kept raining heavily __________ Monday __________ Wednesday.

二、語(yǔ)篇填空 在括號(hào)內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

It was so nice an afternoon that I decided to go for a little walk ????1??? ?my new boots — the ones I had seen advertised on TV ????2??? ?“the world’s best boots”. Well, ????3??? ?theory, yes, they were very comfortable boots but I soon found that in fact they gave me blisters. In general I do enjoy walking, but at that moment all I wanted was rest and refreshment, in other words, I needed to sit down, have a drink and go home ????4??? ?the bus. The last bus home was in half an hour and I was far ????5??? ?the bus stop so I would have to get there ????6??? ?a hurry. At last I got to the bus stop just in time ????7??? ?a drink at the pub before the bus came. I limped to the bus stop in the hope ????8??? ?getting on. But I was out of luck because the bus was full up — not even standing room! I knew I would never make it home on foot and I was ????9??? ?the point of returning to the pub to drown my sorrows when another bus came round the corner, completely empty. I got on, sat by myself at the back and started to feel ????10??? ?peace with the world again as I took off my boots!

三、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

If you are driving in the United States, you may see a common sign on passing vehicles that reads: “Perform random acts of kindness.” The saying is to urge people to do kind things without ???1? ??(think) or planning ahead.

But several studies suggest there are some very good ???2 ???(reason) to think about ways to be kind and ???3? ??(actual) plan out that type of behavior.

Research shows that acts of kindness can make us feel better and improve our health. Researchers also say kindness played ???4? ??important part in how humans developed. In other words, they say scientific evidence suggests that we ???5? ??(design) to be kind.

Oliver Curry is the research director at Kindlab — a non-profit organization ???6? ??goal is to educate and encourage people ???7? ??(choose) kindness. Curry claims that “Kindness is much older than religion.” He adds that it “does seem to be universal,” meaning it is something all humans share.

Curry said there is another reason people want to be kind. Under the right conditions, “We all benefit ???8? ??kindness.” When it comes to a species surviving, “Kindness pays, and friendliness ???9? ??(pay),” said Curry. He explained that the more friends you have, and the more people you help, the ???10? ??(success) you become.

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. On; At; On; In; In? 2. to; on; in; with; for? 3. in; by; at? 4. on; in; on; in? 5. to; on; in? 6. except; besides; but; except for? 7. over; across; through? 8. between; among; between? 9. As; With? 10. in; after; at; since; from; to

二、語(yǔ)篇填空

1. in? 2. as? 3. in? 4. on? 5. from? 6. in? 7. for? 8. of? 9. on? 10. at

三、語(yǔ)法填空

本文主要介紹善意之舉可以讓人們更為健康和成功。

1. thinking? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填thinking。

2. reasons? 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。因前面有some修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式reasons。

3. actually? 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修復(fù)東西plan應(yīng)用副詞。

4. an? 考查冠詞。play an important part in… 是固定搭配，意為“在……扮演重要的角色”。

5. are designed? 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因we與design之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且講述的是客觀(guān)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句中suggest在此處是“暗示、表明”之意，故其后從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。

6. whose? 考查連詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且修飾先行詞Kindlab，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，故填whose。

7. to choose? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意為“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”。

8. from? 考查介詞。benefit from是固定搭配，意為“從……中獲益”。

9. pays? 考查主謂一致。and并列的兩個(gè)句子謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致；且主語(yǔ)是friendliness，故填pays。

10. more successful? 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。從上文的the more…the more…可知，應(yīng)用more successful。

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