【TED科普】是什么導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退?(中英雙語(yǔ))

For millennia the people of Britain had been using bronze to make tools in jewelry.
And as a currency for trade but around 800 BC E that began to change
The value of Brown’s decline causing social upheaval and an economic crisis, what we were to call a recession today, what causes recession? This question has lumping the subject of heated debate among economists.
And for good reason, A recession can be a mild decline in economic activity, in a single country that last months, A long lasting downturn was global ramification that last years, or anything in between.
Complicating matters further, there are countless variables that contribute to an economics health make it difficult to pinpoint specific courses.
So it helps to start with the big picture, recessions occur when there is a negative disruption??to the balance of supply and demand.
There’s a mismatch between how many kids people want to buy, how many products and services producers can offer, and the price of the goods and services sold which promotes an economic decline .
An economy’s relationship between supply and demand?
Is reflected in its inflation rate and interest rates.
Inflation happens when goods and services get more expensive, put another way the value of money decreases, still inflation isn’t necessarily a bad thing,
In fact a low inflation rate is thought to encourage economic activity, but high inflation that isn’t company with high demand can both caused problems for economy and eventually lead to a recession .
Interest rates meanwhile, reflect the cost of taking on debt for individuals and companies, The rate is typically an annual percentage of a loan that borrowers pay to their creditors and to the loan is repaid , Low interest rates mean that companies can offer to borrow more money, which they can use to invest in more projects, High interest rates meanwhile increase cost for producers and consumers, slowing economic activity .
Fluctuations in inflation and interest rates,
Can you give us insight into the health of the economy?
But what cost this in fluctuation in first place, The most obvious causes are shocks like natural disaster war and Geo political factors, an earthquake for example; can destroy the infrastructure needed to produce important commodity such an oil, that forces the supply side of the economy to charge more for products that use oil. Discouraging demand and potentially prompting a recession.
But some recessions occur in times of economic prosperity, possibly even because of economic prosperity, some economists believe that business activities from a market expansion can occasionally reach an unsustainable level .
For example corporations and consumers may borrow more money with the assumption that economic growth will help them handle the added burden but if the economy doesn’t grow as quickly as expected
They may end up with more debt that they can manage, to pay it off they will have to redirect fund from??other activities reducing business activities?
psychology can also contribute to a recession fear of a recession can become a self fulfilling prophecy,?if it causes people to pull back investing and spending, in response producers might cut operating costs to help whether the expected decline in demand, that can lead to a vicious cycle as cost cuts eventually lower wages, leading to even lower demand.
Even policy designed to help prevent recessions can contribute when times are tough, governments and central banks may print money Increase spending and lower central bank interest rates smaller lenders can in turn lower their interest rates effectively making debt cheaper to boost spending, but these policies are not sustainable and eventually need to be reversed, to prevent excessive inflation, that can cause a recession if people have become too reliant on cheap debt and government stimulus??.
The bronze recession in Britain eventually ended when the adoption of Iron helped revolutionize farming and food production.
Modern??markets are more complex making today’s resections fair,far more difficult to navigate . But each recession provides new data to help anticipate and respond to future recessions more effectively.