Cuba opens up its economy to private businesses

BBC

2021年2月7日

Cuba has announced it will allow private businesses to operate in most industries, in what is a major reform to its state-controlled economy.

古巴已經(jīng)宣布其將準(zhǔn)許私有企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)大部分行業(yè)，這是國(guó)家主導(dǎo)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的一次重大改革。

Labour Minister Marta Elena Feito said the list of authorised industries had expanded from 127 to more than 2,000.Only a minority of industries would be reserved for the state, she said.?The communist country's economy has been hit hard by the pandemic and US sanctions?introduced by the Trump administration.

古巴勞動(dòng)部長(zhǎng)Marta Elena Feito 表示被放開的企業(yè)從127個(gè)擴(kuò)大到2000個(gè)。只有少部分仍保留國(guó)有制。這個(gè)共產(chǎn)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)深受疫情和特朗普政府的美國(guó)制裁的打擊。

sanction /?s??k?n/ ?

名詞1.[ pl.] ~ (against sb) 制裁?The economic sanctions have been lifted. 經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁業(yè)已取消。2.[ U ] ( formal )（正式）許可，批準(zhǔn)??These changes will require the sanction of the court. 這些變更須經(jīng)法院認(rèn)可。3.~ (against sth) 制裁；約束；處罰?The ultimate sanction will be the closure of the restaurant. 最嚴(yán)厲的處罰將是關(guān)閉這家餐館。

動(dòng)詞1.( formal ) 許可；準(zhǔn)許；準(zhǔn)予?The government refused to sanction a further cut in interest rates. 政府拒絕批準(zhǔn)進(jìn)一步降低利率。2.( technical 術(shù)語 ) 懲罰；實(shí)施制裁

Last year its economy shrank by 11% - its worst decline in almost three decades - and Cubans have been facing shortages of basic goods.Ms Feito?said just 124 industries would be exempt from private involvement. She did not mention which ones, but the AFP suggest it could be related to industries considered strategic to the state such as media, health and defence."That private work continues to develop, is the objective of this reform," Ms Feito?said, stressing that this "will help free the productive forces" of the private sector.

去年古巴經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮11%，是30年以來最大的降幅，古巴人民目前面臨缺乏最基本物資的窘境。Feito女士說道有124個(gè)行業(yè)將不涉及私有資本進(jìn)入。她沒有說明是哪124個(gè)行業(yè)，但法新社猜測(cè)應(yīng)該是涉及國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的行業(yè)，比如媒體、醫(yī)療和國(guó)防?！白屗綘I(yíng)企業(yè)繼續(xù)發(fā)展是這次改革的目標(biāo)”，她強(qiáng)調(diào)“這有助于解放私營(yíng)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力”

exempt /?ɡ?zempt/ ~ (from sth) if sb/sth免除（責(zé)任、付款等）；獲豁免??The interest on the money is exempt from tax. 這筆錢的利息免稅。?Some students are exempt from certain exams. 有的學(xué)生可免除某些考試。

Apart from hundreds of thousands of small farms, Cuba's non-state sector is composed mainly of small private businesses run by artisans, taxi drivers and tradesmen.Almost 40% of private businesses operate in the island's tourist industry, which has been hard hit by the pandemic and sanctions.

除了無數(shù)的小型農(nóng)場(chǎng)，古巴非國(guó)有領(lǐng)域大部分是由工匠、的士司機(jī)和小商販構(gòu)成的微小經(jīng)濟(jì)體。大約40%的私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是在旅游島景點(diǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)，而這，在疫情和美國(guó)制裁中遭受重創(chuàng)。

Artisan：n. /?ɑ?t??z?n/ 工匠；手藝人

原文鏈接：https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-55967709

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