No work, no pay, no food

沒有工作，沒有報酬，沒有食物

People who lack savings or a functioning safety net cannot simply stop working. Yet millions are being forced to do so. Before the crisis Jonathan Solmayor drove a tuk-tuk in Davao City in the Philippines. “I am feeding four mouths,” he says, but “my only source of living was stopped.” In western Nepal men have seen the hours they can work for wages fall by about 75%, according to the Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and Scale. In Uzbekistan the number of households where at least one person works has dropped by over 40%.

缺乏儲蓄或安全保障體系的人不能簡單地停止工作。然而，仍有數(shù)百萬人被迫這樣做。危機前，Jonathan Solmayor在菲律賓達沃市駕駛一輛嘟嘟車【三輪小摩的】?！拔乙B(yǎng)活四口人，”他說，但“我唯一的生活來源停止了?！备鶕?jù)耶魯大學(xué)創(chuàng)新與規(guī)模研究計劃(Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and Scale)的數(shù)據(jù)，在尼泊爾西部，男性的工作時間減少了約75%。在烏茲別克斯坦，至少有一個人工作的家庭數(shù)量下降了40%以上。

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As the number of breadwinners falls, the price of food is rising. In India the price of potatoes has jumped by over 15%. In Uganda the prices of most key foods have gone up by over 15% since mid-March. The global food supply is holding up, but local disruptions are severe. In the province of Quezon in the Philippines an “extreme” quarantine has seen squash, beans, and watermelons wither in the fields. In India vegetables that were harvested have been left to rot as they cannot be transported to market. In East Africa covid-19 is not the only plague to strike this year: trillions of locusts are once again devouring crops.

隨著養(yǎng)家糊口的人越來越少，食品價格也在上漲。在印度，土豆的價格已經(jīng)上漲了超過15%。在烏干達，大多數(shù)主要食品的價格自3月中旬以來已經(jīng)上漲了超過15%。全球糧食供應(yīng)狀況良好，但局部地區(qū)供應(yīng)中斷嚴重。在菲律賓奎松省，一場“極端”的隔離讓南瓜、豆類和西瓜在田間枯萎。在印度，收獲的蔬菜由于無法運輸?shù)绞袌錾隙癄€。在東非，新冠病毒并不是今年襲擊的唯一一場瘟疫:數(shù)萬億的蝗蟲再次吞噬莊稼。

詞匯

Breadwinner/負擔(dān)家計的人；養(yǎng)家糊口的人

Quarantine/檢疫隔離期

Squash/擠進，塞入；壓制

Wither/枯萎，凋謝

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Some hope that the rural poor may escape the worst. The virus has taken longer to reach remote villages, where social distancing is easier than it is in slums. Subsistence farmers might be able to feed themselves. But even the poorest rural households in Africa buy almost half their food. Many would normally top up their income with paid work, but no longer can.

一些人希望農(nóng)村的窮人能逃脫最壞的情況。病毒需要更長的時間才能到達偏遠的村莊，那里的社會距離比貧民窟更容易。自給自足的農(nóng)民也許能夠養(yǎng)活自己。但是，即使是非洲最貧窮的農(nóng)村家庭也要購買近一半的食物。許多人通常會用帶薪工作來增加收入，但現(xiàn)在不可能了。

詞匯

Slum/貧民窟

Those who were already miserable have become more so. In Uganda the WFP has cut rations for refugees by 30%, and funding is drying up. In Bangladesh more than 70% of Rohingya refugees say they are now unable to buy food.

那些已經(jīng)很痛苦的人變得更加痛苦。在烏干達，世界糧食計劃署已經(jīng)削減了30%的難民口糧，資金正在枯竭。在孟加拉國，超過70%的羅興亞難民表示，他們現(xiàn)在無法購買食物。

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The most concentrated suffering will be in big cities such as Kolkata and Kinshasa, says Ms Sánchez-Páramo. Even before the pandemic about 130m city-dwellers were extremely poor. Many kept their heads above the poverty line by pedalling rickshaws or hawking vegetables. Lockdowns have stopped that. In India 84% of poor urban self-employed have lost their work.

Sánchez-Páramo女士說，像加爾各答和金沙薩這樣的大城市將遭受最集中的痛苦。甚至在疫情爆發(fā)之前，就有1.3億城市居民極度貧困。許多人靠騎人力車或叫賣蔬菜來維持生計。封鎖已經(jīng)阻止了這一切。在印度，84%的貧困城市個體經(jīng)營者失去了工作。

詞匯

Pedal/騎（自行車）

Rickshaw/人力車，黃包車

Hawk/叫賣

Even where lockdowns are less strict, the urban poor are struggling. In Mexico City, where staying at home is more of a suggestion than a requirement, Romaldo San Juan Garcia normally spends his days polishing shoes. But these days the kind of people who can afford shoe-shines no longer wear leather shoes, since they are staying away from the office. In a long day on the street Mr Garcia polished only two pairs. Just to pay his monthly rent, he needs to shine about 100. In tough times his children would usually pick up extra shifts waiting tables. But because of the virus, the restaurants are shut.

即使在封鎖不那么嚴格的地方，城市貧民也在苦苦掙扎。在墨西哥城，呆在家里與其說是一種要求，不如說是一種建議，Romaldo San Juan Garcia通常每天都要把時間花在擦鞋上。但是現(xiàn)在，那些能買得起皮鞋的人不再穿皮鞋了，因為他們遠離了辦公室。在街上漫長的一天里，加西亞先生只擦了兩雙鞋。僅僅是為了支付他的月租，他就需要擦100雙鞋。在經(jīng)濟困難的時候，他的孩子們通常會接些額外的班。但是因為病毒，餐館都關(guān)門了。

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With so few other options, many of the newly destitute are doing things that will make it harder for them to escape poverty even if the economy recovers. They are eating less, selling productive assets and even pulling children out of school.

由于幾乎沒有其他選擇，許多新近陷入貧困的人正在做的事情，將使他們更難擺脫貧困，即使經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇。他們吃得更少，出售生產(chǎn)性資產(chǎn)，甚至讓孩子們輟學(xué)。

詞匯

Destitute/貧困的，缺乏的

“When I eat supper it means I will sacrifice lunch,” explains Nathan Tumuhimbise, a flower worker in Uganda who was sent home on unpaid leave. He has no idea whether he will be able to pay for his daughter’s next instalment of school fees. In desperation he has called his father in the village to sell some of the family goats. “I’m overwhelmed,” he says. Other workers he knows are even selling off their land. Why? “Survival, life and death,” he says.

“當(dāng)我吃晚飯時，這意味著我將犧牲午餐，” Nathan Tumuhimbise解釋道，他是烏干達的一名花卉工人，以無薪休假被遣送回家。他不知道他是否能付得起女兒下一筆學(xué)費。絕望之下，他給村里的父親打了電話，想賣掉家里的一些山羊?！拔也恢?，”他說。他認識的其他工人甚至在出售他們的土地。該如何選擇?“生存，生活和還是死亡，”他說。

詞匯

Instalment/分期付款

Assets such as land, livestock and motorbike taxis can be sold only once. When so many people try to sell them at the same time, prices collapse. And people who sell their productive assets today will have no source of income tomorrow.

土地、牲畜和作出租車用的摩托車等資產(chǎn)只能出售一次。當(dāng)如此多的人試圖同時出售時，價格就會暴跌。今天出售生產(chǎn)性資產(chǎn)的人，明天將沒有收入來源。

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Cutting back on food is risky, too, especially for children. Malnutrition stops brains and bodies from growing properly. Stunting results in lower IQs, greater risk of chronic illness and lower lifetime earnings. In towns in Sierra Leone almost 60% of people said they had eaten fewer times than normal in the past week, according to the Yale Research Initiative. Fully 14% have gone a whole day without eating.

減少食物攝入也有風(fēng)險，尤其是對兒童而言。營養(yǎng)不良會阻礙大腦和身體正常發(fā)育。發(fā)育遲緩導(dǎo)致智商較低，患慢性病的風(fēng)險較大，終生收入較低。據(jù)耶魯大學(xué)研究項目(Yale Research Initiative)的數(shù)據(jù)，在塞拉利昂的一些城鎮(zhèn)，近60%的人表示，過去一周他們比平時吃得少。整整14%的人一整天都沒吃東西。

詞匯

Malnutrition/營養(yǎng)失調(diào)，營養(yǎng)不良

Stunting/萎縮；發(fā)育障礙短小癥

Pulling kids out of school has awful long-term consequences. One World Bank paper found that if schools remain closed for just four months, the reduction in their lifetime earnings will be equivalent to 15% of a year’s global GDP.

把孩子們趕出學(xué)校會產(chǎn)生可怕的長期后果。世界銀行的一份報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果學(xué)校只停課四個月，其終生收入的減少將相當(dāng)于全球一年GDP的15%。