背景、符號標記等見序言

17.1 Igitur circiter Kalendas Iunias L. Caesare et C. Figulo consulibus primo singulos appellare, hortari alios, alios temptare; opes suas, inparatum rem publicam, magna praemia coniurationis docere.

洛：Accordingly, towards the first of June In the consulate of Lucius Caesar and Gaius figulus, he addressed his followers at first one by one, encouraging some and sounding others. He pointed out his own resources, the unprepared condition of the state, the great prizes of conspiracy.

試：Therefore, around June 1st?in the consulate of Lucius Caesar and Gaius Figulus, he called one by one, urged some people, tested others; pointed out his power, the state as the unprepared, the great reward of the conspiracy.

思考：

1. inparatum若作為形容詞修飾rem publicam則會違反一致原則，只能理解為名詞做rem publicam的同位語。

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17.2 Ubi satis explorata sunt, quae voluit, in unum omnis convocat, quibus maxuma necessitudo et plurumum audaciae inerat.

洛：When he had such information as he desired, he assembled all those who were most desperate and most reckless.

試：When the investigated things were sufficient, which he wished, he convoked all men together, to whom the greatest necessity and the most of courage belonged.

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17.3 Eo convenere senatorii ordinis P. Lentulus Sura, P. Autronius, L. Cassius Longinus, C. Cethegus, P. et Ser. Sullae Ser. filii, L. Vargunteius, Q. Annius, M. Porcius Laeca, L. Bestia, Q. Curius;

洛：There were present from the senatorial order Publius Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius Longinus, Cethegus, Publius and Servius Sulla sons of Servius, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius, Marcus Porcius Laeca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius;

試：There came Publius Lentulus Sura, Publius Autronius, Lucius Cassius Longinus, Gaius Cethegus, Publius and Servius Sulla the sons of Servius Sulla, Lucius Vargunteius, Quintus Annius, Marcus Porcius Laeca, Lucius Bestia, Quintus Curius, of the senatorial rank;

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17.4 praeterea ex equestri ordine M. Fulvius Nobilior, L. Statilius, P. Gabinius Capito, C. Cornelius; ad hoc multi ex coloniis et municipiis domi nobiles.

洛：also of the equestrian order, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito, Gaius Cornelius; besides these there were many men from the colonies and free towns who were of noble rank at home.

試：besides, Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, Lucius Statilius, Publius Gabinius Capito, Gaius Cornelius from the equestrian rank, in addition, many of noble houses from colonies and free towns.

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17.5 Erant praeterea complures paulo occultius consili huiusce participes nobiles, quos magis dominationis spes hortabatur quam inopia aut alia necessitudo.

洛：There were, moreover, several nobles who had a somewhat more secret connection with the plot, men who were prompted rather by the hope of power than by want or any other exigency.

試：Besides, there were many noble partners, somewhat more concealed of this plan, whom the hope of dominion or some other necessity more urged than indigence.

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17.6 Ceterum iuventus pleraque, sed maxume nobilium, Catilinae inceptis favebat; quibus in otio vel magnifice vel molliter vivere copia erat, incerta pro certis, bellum quam pacem malebant.

洛：The greater part of the young men also, in particular chase of high position, were favourable to Catiline's project: for although in quiet times they had the means of living elegantly or luxuriously, they preferred uncertainty to certainty, war to peace.

試：For the rest, moat young people, but especially those of nobles, were favourable to the attempt of Catiline; for whom it was enough to live in leisure either splendidly or mildly, they preferred the uncertain instead of the certain, to war rather than peace.

思考：

1. ceterum是副詞。

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17.7 Fuere item ea tempestate, qui crederent M. Licinium Crassum non ignarum eius consili fuisse; quia Cn. Pompeius, invisus ipsi, magnum exercitum ductabat, cuiusvis opes voluisse contra illius potentiam crescere, simul confisum, si coniuratio valuisset, facile apud illos principem se fore.

洛：There were also at that time some who believed that Marcus Licinius Crassus was not wholly ignorant of the plot that because his enemy Gaius Pompeius was in command of a large army, he was willing to see anyone’s influence grow in opposition to the power of his rival, fully believing meanwhile that if the conspirators should be successful, he would easily be the leading man among them.

試：There were also some people at that time, who believed Marcus Licinius Crassus was not ignorant of Catiline’s plan; because Gneaus Pompeius, the hostile man to himself, was leading a great army, he wished the power of anyone against that man’s to grow, at the same time he felt confidence, if the conspiracy should be well, he would easily be the leader among them.

思考：

1. qui crederent...在從句中嵌套了間接話語，而間接話語覆蓋了之后的全部句子，因為賓格主語Crassum在下一個分句中仍是賓格（confisum，se）。

2. simul confisum省略了esse， 且confido是不及物動詞。

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段落大意 (17)：

喀提林用他了解的情況試探并勸說身邊的人。在掌握了足夠多的情報后，于公元前64年6月1日左右召集了有意參與者。這些人中有想要擺脫貧窮的人，有想要追求權(quán)力的人；值得一提的是還有許多家境優(yōu)渥的年輕人，或許是出于冒險精神而加入。據(jù)說意欲壓制龐培的克拉蘇也對喀提林的計劃有所了解。

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18.1 Sed antea item coniuravere pauci contra rem publicam, in quibus Catilina fuit.

洛：Now even before that time a few men had conspired against the government, and among them was Catiline;

試：But before this, a few men had conspired against the state, in which Catiline was.

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18.2 De qua, quam verissume potero, dicam. L. Tullo et M'. Lepido consulibus P. Autronius et P. Sulla designati consules legibus ambitus interrogati poenas dederant.

洛：of that affair I I shall give as true an account as I am able. In the consulship of Lucius Tullius and Manit Lepidus, the consuls elect, Publius Autronius and Publius Sulla, were arraigned under the law against bribery and paid the penalties.

試：I shall speak about which as truthfully as I am able. In the consulate of Lucius Tullius and Manius Lepidus Publius Autronius and Publius Sulla; the elected consuls, accused with the laws of bribery, paid penalties.

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18.3 Post paulo Catilina pecuniarum repetundarum reus prohibitus erat consulatum petere, quod intra legitumos dies profiteri nequiverat.

洛：A little later Catiline was charged with extortion and prevented from standing for the consulship because he had been unable to announce his candidacy within the prescribed number of days.

試：A little after Catiline, accused of extorted money, had prevented from seeking consulship, because he had been able to declare in proper days.

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18.4 Erat eodem tempore Cn. Piso, adulescens nobilis, summae audaciae, egens, factiosus, quem ad perturbandam rem publicam inopia atque mali mores stimulabant.

洛：There was at that same time a young noble called Gnaeus Piso, a man of the utmost recklessness, poor, and given to intrigue, who was being goaded on by need of funds and an evil character to overthrow the government.

試：At the same time there was Gneaus Piso, young noble, of the most boldness, needy, having a large following, whom indigence and bad morals excited to throw the state in disorder.

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18.5 cum hoc Catilina et Autronius circiter Nonas Decembris consilio communicato parabant in Capitolio Kalendis Ianuariis L. Cottam et L. Torquatum consules interficere, ipsi fascibus correptis Pisonem cum exercitu ad obtinendas duas Hispanias mittere.

洛：He revealed his plans to Catiline and Autronius; they in concert with him began, about the fifth of December, to make preparations to murder the consuls Lucius Cotta and Lucius Torquatus in the capitol on the first of January they then proposed that they themselves should seize the fasces and dispatch Piso with an army to take possession of the two Spanish provinces.

試：With this man Catiline and Autronius, around December 5th?with the plan shared, prepared to kill Lucius Cotta and Lucius Torquatus, the consuls in Capitol on January 1st, with fasces seized they sent Piso with an army to obtain two Spanish provinces.

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18.6 Ea re cognita rursus in Nonas Februarias consilium caedis transtulerant.

洛：Upon the discovery of their plot they postponed their murderous design until the fifth of February.

試：When that thing known, they put off the plan of killing to February 5th?.

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18.7 Iam tum non consulibus modo, sed plerisque senatoribus perniciem machinabantur.

洛：At that time they plotted the destruction not merely of the consuls but of many of the senators,

試：Even at that time they not only designed destruction of the consuls, but of many senators.

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18.8 Quod ni Catilina maturasset pro curia signum sociis dare, eo die post conditam urbem Romam pessumum facinus patratum foret. Quia nondum frequentes armati convenerant, ea res consilium diremit.

洛：and had Catiline not been over-hasty in giving the signal to his accomplices in front of the senate-house, on that day the most dreadful crime since the founding of the city of Rome would have been perpetrated. But because the armed conspirators had not yet assembled insufficient numbers, the affair came to naught.

試：For if Catiline hadn’t hasten to give signal to his allies in front of curia, on that day the worst thing after the city of Rome was built would have been completed. Because the armed men didn’t come crowded yet, that thing interrupted the plan.

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段落大意 (18)：

此前喀提林就圖謀過顛覆國家的行動。他和當時同樣在官場上失敗的奧特洛尼烏斯找到了有相同意向的貴族青年皮索。他們計劃刺殺執(zhí)政官還有其他一些議員。在公元前66年2月5日他們開始動手，但由于指揮混亂人數(shù)不足，陰謀最終失敗了。

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19.1 Postea Piso in citeriorem Hispaniam quaestor pro praetore missus est adnitente Crasso, quod eum infestum inimicum Cn. Pompeio cognoverat.

洛：Piso was afterwards, through the efforts of Crassus, who knew him to be a deadly enemy of Gnaeus Pompeius, sent to Hither Spain with praetorian powers, although he was only a quaestor.

試：Afterwards Piso was sent to nearer Spain as quaestor on behalf of praetor, when Crassus thriving, because he realized that man was dangerous and hostile Gneaus Pompeius.

思考：

1. 注意pro的意思要結(jié)合上下文理解。

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19.2 Neque tamen senatus provinciam invitus dederat; quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat, simul quia boni conplures praesidium in eo putabant et iam tum potentia Pompei formidulosa erat.

洛：The senate, however, had been quite willing to give him the province, wishing to remove the shameless fellow to a distance from the seat of government; moreover, many of the aristocracy thought they had in him a safeguard against Pompey, whose power was even then becoming formidable.

試：However, nor the senate unwilling, gave the province; in fact, it wished the abominable man to be far away from the republic, at the same time because many good men were seeking help in this man and the power of Pompeius was formidable at that time.

思考：

1. neque只否定了invitus，并未否定dederat。對于這種結(jié)構(gòu)要結(jié)合上下文理解。

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19.3 Sed is Piso in provincia ab equitibus Hispanis, quos in exercitu ductabat, iter faciens occisus est.

洛：Now this Piso was slain, while marching through his province, by the Spanish cavalry under his command.

試：But this Piso was killed in the province by some Spanish cavalry, whom he led in his army, when travelling.

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19.4 Sunt, qui ita dicant: imperia eius iniusta, superba, crudelia barbaros nequivisse pati;

洛：Some say that the barbarians could not endure his rule, unjust, insolent, and cruel;

試：There are some people who thus spoke: the barbarians were unable to put up with his unjust, haughty and cruel command.

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19.5 alii autem: equites illos, Cn. Pompei veteres fidosque clientis, voluntate eius Pisonem aggressos; numquam Hispanos praeterea tale facinus fecisse, sed imperia saeva multa antea perpessos.

洛：others, that the horsemen who were old and devoted retainers of Pompey attacked Piso at his instigation. The latter point out that the Spaniards had never before committed such a crime, but had tolerated many cruel rulers in former days.

試：some who however spoke: that cavalry were veterans and faithful clients of Gneaus Pompeius, attacking Piso under his will; Spanish had never done such deed thereafter, but suffered from many cruel commands before.

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19.6 Nos eam rem in medio relinquemus. De superiore coniuratione satis dictum.

洛：We shall not attempt to decide this question and enough has been said about the first conspiracy.

試：We shall leave this thing in middle. It is talked enough about the former conspiracy.

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段落大意 (19)：

在克拉蘇和元老院的支持下，皮索被派去掌管近西班牙。前者想利用他對抗龐培。但皮索被他軍隊中的西班牙騎兵所殺，這可能是因為他的惡行激起了士兵的反感，也可能是龐培在幕后主使。上文便是第一次喀提林陰謀的概述。

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20.1 Catilina ubi eos, quos paulo ante memoravi, convenisse videt, tametsi cum singulis multa saepe egerat, tamen in rem fore credens univorsos appellare et cohortari, in abditam partem aedium secedit atque ibi omnibus arbitris procul amotis orationem huiusce modi habuit:

洛：When Catiline saw before him the men whom I mentioned a short time ago, although he had often had long conferences s with t them individually, he thought that it would be well to address and encourage the entire body. Accordingly, withdrawing to a private room of the house and excluding all witnesses, he made the following speech:

試：When Catiline saw those men, whom I mentioned a little above, come together, though he had spent much with each of them, still believing it would be of use to address and encourage them all, he withdrew into a secret part of his house and there when all witnesses withdrawn and in the distance, he made the oration of this way:

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20.2 "Ni virtus fidesque vostra spectata mihi forent, nequiquam opportuna res cecidisset; spes magna, dominatio in manibus frustra fuissent, neque ego per ignaviam aut vana ingenia incerta pro certis captarem.

洛："If I had not already tested your courage and loyalty, in vain would a great opportunity have presented itself; high hopes and power would have been placed in my hands to no purpose, nor would I with the aid of cowards or inconstant hearts grasp at uncertainty in place of certainty.

試：“If your courage and faith had not been proved to me, the suitable matter would have failed in vain; great hope and power would have been in my hands in vain, nor should I try to catch uncertain things instead of certain things.

思考：

1. 兩個條件句，翻譯時注意虛擬語氣的時態(tài)。

2. 第二個條件句有一點雙重否定的意思？中譯顯然應(yīng)該還原。

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20.3 "Sed quia multis et magnis tempestatibus vos cognovi fortis fidosque mihi, eo animus ausus est maxumum atque pulcherrumum facinus incipere, simul quia vobis eadem, quae mihi, bona malaque esse intellexi;

洛：But because I have learned in many and great emergencies that you are brave and faithful to me, my mind has had the courage to set on foot a mighty and glorious enterprise, and also because I perceive that you and I hold the same view of what is good and evil;

試：“But because I have known you are strong and faithful to me on many and great occasions, with that my soul dared to begin the greatest and the most glorious work, as well, because I have understand the same thing to you, which are good and which are bad to me;

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20.4 nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est.

洛：for agreement in likes and dislikes——this, and this only, is what constitutes true friendship.

試：for to wish the same and to refuse the same is just the strong friendship.

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20.5 Sed (ego quae mente agitavi), omnes iam antea (divorsi) audistis.

洛：As for the designs which I have formed, they have already been explained to you all individually.

試：But previously you each have already heard all which I considered in mind.

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20.6 Ceterum mihi in dies magis animus accenditur, cum considero, quae condicio vitae futura sit, nisi nosmet ipsi vindicamus in libertatem.

洛：But my resolution is fired more and more every day, when I consider under what conditions we shall live if we do not take steps to emancipate ourselves.

試：Besides, to me, my soul has been on fire more and more everyday, when I consider what situation of life would be, if we ourselves don’t champion for liberty.

思考：

1. certerum是副詞

2. 嵌入的條件句有些奇怪：結(jié)論分句為虛擬完成時，條件分句為直陳現(xiàn)在時。但若把結(jié)論分句理解為包括cum considero...的整句（內(nèi)部符合時態(tài)序列規(guī)律），結(jié)論和條件都是直陳現(xiàn)在時，符合條件句的構(gòu)成規(guī)律？

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20.7 Nam postquam res publica in paucorum potentium ius atque dicionem concessit, semper illis reges, tetrarchae vectigales esse, populi, nationes stipendia pendere; ceteri omnes, strenui, boni, nobiles atque ignobiles, vulgus fuimus, sine gratia, sine auctoritate, iis obnoxii, quibus, si res publica valeret, formidini essemus.

洛：For ever since the state fell under the jurisdiction and sway of a few powerful men, it is always to them that kings and potentates are tributary and peoples and nations pay taxes. All the rest of us, good, and bad, nobles and commons alike, have made up the mob, without influence, with out weight, and subservient to those to whom in a free state we should be an object of fear.

試：For after the state yielded to the justice and dominion of a few powerful men, to whom kings and princes were incomes, people and tribes have paid taxes; all rest men, the brisk, the good, nobles and plebs, were common people, without favour, without influence, obliged to them, to whom, if the state were strong, we would be formidable.

思考：

1. concedere in是常用搭配。

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20.8 Itaque omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiae apud illos sunt aut ubi illi volunt; nobis reliquere pericula, repulsas, iudicia, egestatem.

洛：Because of this, all influence, power, rank, and wealth are in their hands, or wherever they wish them to be; to us they have left danger, defeat, prosecutions, and poverty.

試：Therefore all favor, power, honour and wealth are among them, or where they wish; they have left risks, rejections, trials and indigence.

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20.9 Quae quousque tandem patiemini, o fortissumi viri? Nonne emori per virtutem praestat quam vitam miseram atque inhonestam, ubi alienae superbiae ludibrio fueris, per dedecus amittere?

洛：How long, pray, will you endure this,brave hearts? Is it not better to die valiantly, than ignominiously to lose our wretched and dishonoured lives after being the sport of others' insolence?

試：How long at last will you endure that, o strongest men? Is it not superior to die for the sake of courage, than to lose a misery and dishonour life through shame, when you will have been in the mockery of someone haughty?

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20.10 Verum enim vero, pro deum atque hominum fidem, victoria in manu nobis est: viget aetas, animus valet; contra illis annis atque divitiis omnia consenuerunt. Tantum modo incepto opus est, cetera res expediet.

洛：Assuredly (I swear it by the faith of gods and men !) victory is within our grasp. We are in the prime of life, we are stout of heart; to them, on the contrary, years and riches have brought utter dotage. We need only to strike; the rest will take care of itself.

試：Indeed and of course, o god and faith of humans, victory is in grasp to us: our age is flourishing, our mind is strong; to them on the contrary, everything grew old with years and wealth. There only needs a beginning, the rest thing develops itself.

思考：

1. pro是感嘆詞，后接賓格。

2. tantum modo是固定搭配。

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20.11 Etenim quis (mortalium), (cui virile ingenium est), tolerare potest {<illis> divitias superare, (quas profundant in exstruendo mari et montibus coaequandis)}, {nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse}? Illos binas aut amplius domos continuare, nobis larem familiarem nusquam ullum esse?

洛：Pray, what man with the spirit of a man can endure that our tyrants should abound in riches, to squander in building upon the sea and in leveling mountains, while we lack the means to buy the bare necessities of life? That they should join their palaces by twos or even more, while we have nowhere a hearthstone?

試：And in fact what of man, to whom character is manly, is able to tolerate that the wealth with those men is superior, which they lavished in piling sea up and leveling mountains down, for us the property are wanting even for necessary? They made two houses continuous or larger, for us a home is not in any place?

思考：

1. superare, deesse都是tolerare引出的間接話語中的不定式（注意它們的賓格主語）。

2. 后一句仍應(yīng)包括在前句的間接話語中。

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20.12 cum tabulas, signa, toreumata emunt, nova diruunt, alia aedificant, postremo omnibus modis pecuniam trahunt, vexant, tamen summa lubidine divitias suas vincere nequeunt.

洛：They amass paintings, statuary and chased vases, tear down new structures and erect others, in short misuse and torment their wealth in every way; yet, with the utmost extravagance, they cannot get the upper hand of their riches.

試：When they buy paintings, statues and embossed works, demolish new buildings, build some other, at last draw up and toss money in all ways, they are still unable to defeat their wealth with the greatest desire.

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20.13 At nobis est domi inopia, foris aes alienum, mala res, spes multo asperior: denique quid reliqui habemus praeter miseram animam?

洛：But we have destitution at home, debt without, present misery and a still more hopeless future; in short, what have we left, save only the wretched breath of life?

試：But to us is indigence of home, debt of market, bad circumstance, much more difficult expectation: in short, what have we left except the miserable soul?

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20.14 "Quin igitur expergiscimini? En illa, illa, quam saepe optastis, libertas, praeterea divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt; fortuna omnia ea victoribus praemia posuit.

洛：Awake then! Lo, here, here before your eyes, is the freedom for which you have often longed, and with it riches, honour, and glory. Fortune offers all these things as prizes to the victors.

試：“Therefore why not awake? See that, that, which you have often desired, liberty, besides wealth, honour and glory have been set in your eyes, fortune has set all those things as the rewards to victors.

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20.15 Res, tempus, pericula, egestas, belli spolia magnifica magis quam oratio mea vos hortantur.

洛：The undertaking itself, the opportunity, the dangers, your need, the splendid spoils of war, speak louder than any words of mine.

試：Situation, time, risk, indigence, great arms of war encourage you more than my oration.

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20.16 Vel imperatore vel milite me utimini! Neque animus neque corpus a vobis aberit.

洛：Use me either as your leader or as a soldier in the ranks; my soul and my body shall be at your service.

試：Use me either as a general or a soldier! Neither my body nor my soul will be away from you.

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20.17 Haec ipsa, ut spero, vobiscum una consul agam, nisi forte me animus fallit et vos servire magis quam imperare parati estis."

洛：These very schemes I hope to help you carry out as your consul, unless haply I delude myself and you are content to be slaves rather than to rule.”

試：These things, as I hope, I as a consul shall discuss them only with you, if my mind doesn’t strongly deceive me and you are not ready to serve more than to command.”

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段落大意 (20):

喀提林對他的同伙做了這樣的演講：他首先稱贊他們的勇氣和忠誠，以及他們建立在相似價值觀上的友誼；然后他指出當時羅馬的情況已令人難以忍受，統(tǒng)治階級作威作福、貧富差距極大，他們完全得不到自己理想的生活；最后他強調(diào)計劃的巨大回報，而自己將與他們并肩作戰(zhàn)。