gravel
音標(biāo)：
美音：/?ɡr?v(?)l/，英音：/?ɡr?v(?)l/

聽(tīng)聽(tīng)基本釋意：

見(jiàn)原文：https://engapi.com/article/4874

外刊例句：
Olympic mountain bike champion Pidcock used his fine descending skills to hold off his rivals in the race containing 11 sections of white gravel roads in Tuscany.
奧運(yùn)會(huì)山地自行車(chē)冠軍皮德科克在托斯卡納11段白色碎石路的比賽中，憑借出色的下坡技巧擊敗了對(duì)手。
—BBC

“Farmers would be left wondering whether artificially irrigated areas remain exempt or not. Construction crews would be left wondering whether their water-filled gravel pits remain exempt or not.”
“農(nóng)民們會(huì)想知道人工灌溉地區(qū)是否仍然可以豁免。施工人員會(huì)想知道他們的充滿水的礫石坑是否仍然可以豁免?！?br>—New York Times

The town of McHenry sits on a crosshatch of gravel roads etched into an undulating plain of wheat and soybean farms and Angus cattle ranches.
麥克亨利鎮(zhèn)坐落在一片交錯(cuò)的碎石路上，蜿蜒起伏的平原上有小麥、大豆農(nóng)場(chǎng)和安格斯牧場(chǎng)。
—New York Times

基本釋意：
noun
rock fragments and pebbles
n. 碎石，砂礫；（用于鋪路及用作三合土的）砂礫；砂礫層；（醫(yī)）尿砂

同義詞：
crushed rock,annoy,bother,chafe,devil,get at,get to,irritate,nark,nettle,rag,rile,vex,amaze,baffle,beat,bewilder,dumbfound,flummox,get,mystify,nonplus,perplex,pose,puzzle,stick,stupefy,vex

短釋義：
Roads, paths, walkways, and yards are all sometimes paved with gravel, which is a relatively inexpensive material to use for marking areas and preventing the growth of weeds and other plants. Gravel is more rough and rocky than sand, and smaller than stones. The word gravel comes from the French word gravele, “gravel or sand,” which in turn comes from grave, “seashore or sand.” The ultimate Proto-Indo-European root may be ghreu, “to rub or grind.”
礫石是非常小的、不規(guī)則的巖石和石頭塊。當(dāng)您走向郵箱時(shí)，碎石車(chē)道可能會(huì)在您的靴子下嘎吱作響。

長(zhǎng)釋義：
Roads, paths, walkways, and yards are all sometimes paved with gravel, which is a relatively inexpensive material to use for marking areas and preventing the growth of weeds and other plants. Gravel is more rough and rocky than sand, and smaller than stones. The word gravel comes from the French word gravele, “gravel or sand,” which in turn comes from grave, “seashore or sand.” The ultimate Proto-Indo-European root may be ghreu, “to rub or grind.”
道路、小徑、人行道和庭院有時(shí)都用礫石鋪成，這是一種相對(duì)便宜的材料，可用于標(biāo)記區(qū)域并防止雜草和其他植物的生長(zhǎng)。礫石比沙子更粗糙、更堅(jiān)硬，而且比石頭更小。礫石一詞源自法語(yǔ)“gravele”，意為“礫石或沙子”，而后者又源自“grave”，意為“海濱或沙子”。原始印歐語(yǔ)的最終詞根可能是 ghreu，“摩擦或研磨”。

文學(xué)例句：
The gravel road was getting narrower as we approached the bottom of the hill.
當(dāng)我們接近山腳時(shí)，碎石路越來(lái)越窄。
—A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier by Ishmael Beah

He moved back to the desk, intending to try the drawers, but with the heavy expectation of failure; and as he did so, he heard the faint crunch of tires on gravel.
他走回辦公桌前，打算嘗試一下抽屜，但又懷著失敗的強(qiáng)烈預(yù)期。當(dāng)他這樣做時(shí)，他聽(tīng)到輪胎在碎石上發(fā)出微弱的嘎吱聲。
—The Subtle Knife by Philip Pullman

At the hospital, Finn was poked, prodded, X-rayed, plucked free of embedded gravel, rubbed down with stinging antiseptic, and swaddled in bandages.
在醫(yī)院里，芬恩被戳、戳、拍X光、拔掉嵌入的礫石、用刺痛的消毒劑擦拭，然后用繃帶包裹。
—Bone Gap by Laura Ruby

詞源：
gravel?(n.)”stone in small, irregular fragments,” early 13c., from Old French gravele “sand, gravel; sea-shore; sandy bed of a river,” diminutive of grave “sand, seashore” (Modern French grève), possibly from Celtic *graw- (compare Welsh gro “coarse gravel,” Breton grouan, Cornish grow “gravel”), perhaps ultimately from PIE *ghreu- “to rub, grind” (see grit (n.)). Gravel-crusher was World War I slang for “infantryman.”Related entries & more

下面是詞源的翻譯（機(jī)器翻譯比較難翻，參考著看）
礫石 (n.)“小而不規(guī)則的碎片中的石頭”，13世紀(jì)早期，源自古法語(yǔ)gravel“沙子，礫石；海岸；河床的沙床”，墳?zāi)沟目s寫(xiě)詞“沙子，海岸”（現(xiàn)代法語(yǔ) grève ），可能源自凱爾特語(yǔ) *graw-（比較威爾士語(yǔ) gro“粗礫石”，布列塔尼語(yǔ) grouan，康沃爾語(yǔ)生長(zhǎng)“礫石”），也許最終源自 PIE *ghreu-“摩擦，研磨”（參見(jiàn) grit (n.)）。碎石機(jī)是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)的俚語(yǔ)，意為“步兵”。相關(guān)條目及更多內(nèi)容