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Fragmented MP4格式詳解

2023-03-06 09:55 作者:機(jī)器朗讀  | 我要投稿

FMP4(Fragmented MP4)是一種用于通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳輸音頻和視頻內(nèi)容的文件格式。 它是 MP4 文件格式的擴(kuò)展,支持以小片段形式傳送媒體內(nèi)容。


以下是 FMP4 格式中主要信息字段的概述:


框:FMP4 文件由一系列框組成,其中包含有關(guān)媒體內(nèi)容的元數(shù)據(jù)。 每個(gè)框都有一個(gè)唯一標(biāo)識符和一個(gè)指示框大小的大小字段。


軌道:軌道框包含媒體內(nèi)容中特定軌道的信息,例如軌道編號、軌道類型(音頻或視頻)以及媒體數(shù)據(jù)的格式。


媒體:媒體框包含有關(guān)媒體內(nèi)容類型的信息,例如音頻或視頻,以及用于對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行編碼的編解碼器。


樣本:樣本框包含有關(guān)媒體數(shù)據(jù)各個(gè)樣本的信息,包括樣本持續(xù)時(shí)間、樣本大小和樣本合成時(shí)間。


片段:片段框包含有關(guān)媒體數(shù)據(jù)各個(gè)片段的信息,包括片段的持續(xù)時(shí)間和片段在文件中的位置。


初始化段:初始化段包含有關(guān)文件結(jié)構(gòu)的信息,包括第一個(gè)片段的位置和片段的大小。


Index:索引框包含文件中片段的索引,用于播放時(shí)定位特定片段。


比特率:FMP4 文件的比特率是每單位時(shí)間傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)量,通常以比特每秒 (bps) 為單位。


加密:FMP4 支持使用加密來保護(hù)媒體內(nèi)容免遭未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問。 加密密鑰通常存儲在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的文件中,稱為密鑰文件。


流媒體協(xié)議:FMP4 通常與 HTTP 實(shí)時(shí)流媒體 (HLS) 和基于 HTTP 的動(dòng)態(tài)自適應(yīng)流媒體 (DASH) 等流媒體協(xié)議一起使用,這些協(xié)議能夠以可擴(kuò)展且高效的方式通過 Internet 交付媒體內(nèi)容。


時(shí)間戳:FMP4 支持在播放過程中使用時(shí)間戳來同步音頻和視頻內(nèi)容。 時(shí)間戳通常基于每個(gè)樣本的媒體呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間 (PTS) 和解碼時(shí)間 (DTS)。


元數(shù)據(jù):FMP4 支持在文件中包含元數(shù)據(jù),例如有關(guān)內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建者、創(chuàng)建日期和版權(quán)所有者的信息。


碎片化:FMP4 允許將媒體內(nèi)容分成更小的片段,從而可以更有效地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳送內(nèi)容。 片段的大小可以根據(jù)應(yīng)用程序的需要而變化。


兼容性:FMP4 與多種媒體播放器和流媒體協(xié)議兼容,這使其成為通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳送媒體內(nèi)容的熱門選擇。


編輯:FMP4 支持對媒體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編輯,例如剪切和拼接視頻片段,而無需重新編碼整個(gè)文件。


定時(shí)元數(shù)據(jù):FMP4 允許在文件中包含定時(shí)元數(shù)據(jù),它可用于提供有關(guān)媒體內(nèi)容的附加信息,例如章節(jié)標(biāo)記、字幕和備用音軌。


H.264 和 AAC:FMP4 通常使用 H.264 視頻編解碼器和高級音頻編碼 (AAC) 音頻編解碼器,媒體播放器和流媒體協(xié)議廣泛支持它們。


碎片化交付:FMP4 允許以碎片化的方式交付媒體內(nèi)容,從而可以更高效地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交付內(nèi)容,并降低播放期間緩沖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


流媒體選項(xiàng):FMP4 支持一系列流媒體選項(xiàng),包括實(shí)時(shí)流媒體、視頻點(diǎn)播和漸進(jìn)式下載。 這種靈活性使其適用于廣泛的用例,從大型現(xiàn)場活動(dòng)到點(diǎn)播視頻播放。


自適應(yīng)比特率:FMP4 支持自適應(yīng)比特率流,這意味著可以即時(shí)調(diào)整媒體內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量以匹配可用帶寬和設(shè)備功能。 這有助于確保用戶獲得流暢且不間斷的播放體驗(yàn)。


碎片化交付:FMP4 允許以碎片化的方式交付媒體內(nèi)容,從而可以更高效地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交付內(nèi)容,并降低播放期間緩沖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


多音軌和字幕:FMP4 支持在一個(gè)文件中包含多個(gè)音軌和字幕,這允許觀眾在播放過程中選擇他們喜歡的語言或字幕。


隱藏式字幕:FMP4 支持隱藏式字幕,允許在媒體內(nèi)容中為失聰或有聽力障礙的觀眾添加文本字幕。


DRM:FMP4 支持?jǐn)?shù)字版權(quán)管理 (DRM),允許內(nèi)容所有者保護(hù)他們的內(nèi)容免遭未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問和分發(fā)。


編解碼器和容器:FMP4 是一種容器格式,支持一系列音頻和視頻編解碼器,包括 H.264、AAC 和 HEVC。 這使得它適用于廣泛的媒體內(nèi)容和設(shè)備。


碎片化交付:FMP4 允許以碎片化的方式交付媒體內(nèi)容,從而可以更高效地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交付內(nèi)容,并降低播放期間緩沖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


元數(shù)據(jù):FMP4 支持在文件中包含元數(shù)據(jù),例如有關(guān)內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建者、創(chuàng)建日期和版權(quán)所有者的信息。


章節(jié)標(biāo)記:FMP4 允許在媒體內(nèi)容中包含章節(jié)標(biāo)記,這使觀眾能夠快速導(dǎo)航到視頻中的特定點(diǎn)。


交互性:FMP4 支持交互性功能,例如可點(diǎn)擊按鈕和交互式覆蓋,可以增強(qiáng)觀看者的體驗(yàn)并提供有關(guān)內(nèi)容的附加信息。


碎片化交付:FMP4 允許以碎片化的方式交付媒體內(nèi)容,從而可以更高效地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交付內(nèi)容,并降低播放期間緩沖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


兼容性FMP4 與多種媒體播放器和流媒體協(xié)議兼容,這使其成為通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳送媒體內(nèi)容的熱門選擇。


字幕格式:FMP4 支持多種字幕格式,包括 WebVTT、TTML 和 SRT,這使得在媒體內(nèi)容中添加字幕變得容易。


流媒體協(xié)議:FMP4 通常與 HTTP 實(shí)時(shí)流媒體 (HLS) 和基于 HTTP 的動(dòng)態(tài)自適應(yīng)流媒體 (DASH) 等流媒體協(xié)議一起使用,這些協(xié)議能夠以可擴(kuò)展且高效的方式通過 Internet 交付媒體內(nèi)容。


碎片化交付:FMP4 允許以碎片化的方式交付媒體內(nèi)容,從而可以更高效地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交付內(nèi)容,并降低播放期間緩沖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


數(shù)據(jù)流:除了音頻和視頻內(nèi)容外,F(xiàn)MP4 還支持文本和圖像等數(shù)據(jù)流。 這使得創(chuàng)建更具交互性和吸引力的媒體體驗(yàn)成為可能。


加密:FMP4 支持媒體內(nèi)容加密,有助于防止盜版和未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問。


字幕:FMP4 支持為聽障人士提供字幕,這有助于讓更廣泛的受眾更容易訪問媒體內(nèi)容。


多語言支持:FMP4 支持包含多種不同語言的音頻和字幕軌道,這有助于使講不同語言的觀眾更容易訪問媒體內(nèi)容。


與廣告網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成:FMP4 可以輕松與廣告網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成,使內(nèi)容所有者能夠通過廣告從他們的媒體內(nèi)容中獲利。


與分析集成:FMP4 可以與分析平臺集成,允許內(nèi)容所有者跟蹤觀眾參與度并深入了解觀眾行為。


可擴(kuò)展性:FMP4 的設(shè)計(jì)具有高度可擴(kuò)展性,這意味著它可用于在不犧牲質(zhì)量或性能的情況下同時(shí)向大量觀眾提供媒體內(nèi)容。


低延遲:FMP4支持低延遲流,適合需要實(shí)時(shí)交互的應(yīng)用,如體育直播、視頻會議等。


自適應(yīng)流式傳輸:FMP4 支持自適應(yīng)流式傳輸,可以根據(jù)觀眾的可用帶寬和設(shè)備功能實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整媒體內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量。 這有助于確保觀眾獲得流暢且不間斷的播放體驗(yàn)。


與硬件的兼容性:FMP4 得到硬件設(shè)備的廣泛支持,包括智能手機(jī)、平板電腦和智能電視,這使其成為將媒體內(nèi)容傳送到各種設(shè)備的熱門選擇。


更小的文件大?。?/strong>FMP4 支持分段交付,這允許以更小的文件大小交付媒體內(nèi)容,減少交付內(nèi)容所需的帶寬量,并使其更容易通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)流式傳輸。


快速搜索:FMP4 支持快速搜索,允許觀眾快速導(dǎo)航到視頻中的特定點(diǎn),而不會經(jīng)歷長時(shí)間的緩沖或延遲。


減少緩沖:FMP4 對分段傳輸、自適應(yīng)流媒體和低延遲流媒體的支持有助于減少緩沖并改善整體觀看體驗(yàn)。


服務(wù)器端廣告插入:FMP4 支持服務(wù)器端廣告插入,可以更高效地投放廣告并降低廣告攔截的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


高品質(zhì)音頻:FMP4 支持高品質(zhì)音頻,包括 5.1 和 7.1 環(huán)繞聲,增強(qiáng)了觀眾的音頻體驗(yàn)。


廣泛的應(yīng)用:FMP4可用于廣泛的應(yīng)用,包括直播、視頻點(diǎn)播和交互式視頻體驗(yàn)。


低成本:FMP4 是一種成本相對較低的解決方案,用于通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳送媒體內(nèi)容,這使其成為各種規(guī)模的企業(yè)和組織的有吸引力的選擇。


易于使用:FMP4 易于使用和實(shí)施,減少了實(shí)習(xí)生啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行媒體內(nèi)容所需的時(shí)間和資源等。


基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn):FMP4 基于開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),確保與廣泛的設(shè)備和平臺兼容。


與內(nèi)容管理系統(tǒng)集成:FMP4 可以很容易地與內(nèi)容管理系統(tǒng)集成,讓內(nèi)容所有者可以輕松管理和分發(fā)他們的媒體內(nèi)容。


帶內(nèi)事件信令:FMP4 支持帶內(nèi)事件信令,可以交付交互式內(nèi)容并允許內(nèi)容所有者收集有關(guān)觀眾參與度的數(shù)據(jù)。


實(shí)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)碼:FMP4 支持實(shí)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)碼,可以對媒體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)編碼,減少對預(yù)編碼內(nèi)容的需求,實(shí)現(xiàn)更快的直播流傳輸。


與內(nèi)容分發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成:FMP4 可輕松與內(nèi)容分發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成,確保向全球觀眾快速可靠地分發(fā)媒體內(nèi)容。


范圍廣泛的編解碼器:FMP4 支持范圍廣泛的編解碼器,包括 H.264、HEVC 和 VP9,這使內(nèi)容所有者能夠以盡可能高的質(zhì)量交付媒體內(nèi)容。


廣泛的流媒體協(xié)議:FMP4 支持廣泛的流媒體協(xié)議,包括 HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)、Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) 和 Smooth Streaming,確保與廣泛的設(shè)備和平臺兼容。


互操作性:FMP4 專為互操作性而設(shè)計(jì),這意味著以 FMP4 格式編碼的媒體內(nèi)容可以在廣泛的設(shè)備和平臺上播放,而不會出現(xiàn)任何兼容性問題。


字幕和隱藏式字幕:FMP4 支持在媒體內(nèi)容中包含字幕和隱藏式字幕,這增強(qiáng)了有聽力障礙或說不同語言的觀眾對內(nèi)容的可訪問性。


數(shù)字版權(quán)管理 (DRM):FMP4 支持各種 DRM 技術(shù),允許內(nèi)容所有者保護(hù)他們的內(nèi)容免遭未經(jīng)授權(quán)的分發(fā)和盜版。


動(dòng)態(tài)打包:FMP4支持動(dòng)態(tài)打包,允許媒體內(nèi)容根據(jù)觀看者的設(shè)備和可用帶寬實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)打包,確保最高質(zhì)量的觀看體驗(yàn)。


在特定時(shí)間插入廣告:FMP4 支持在視頻中的特定時(shí)間插入廣告,這使內(nèi)容所有者能夠更有效地從他們的內(nèi)容中獲利。


用戶參與跟蹤:FMP4 支持用戶參與跟蹤,允許內(nèi)容所有者收集有關(guān)觀眾行為和偏好的數(shù)據(jù),使他們能夠優(yōu)化內(nèi)容并提高參與度。


與分析平臺集成:FMP4 可以輕松與分析平臺集成,讓內(nèi)容所有者能夠跟蹤觀眾的參與度并衡量其內(nèi)容的有效性。


降低存儲成本:FMP4 支持分段交付和動(dòng)態(tài)打包,有助于降低媒體內(nèi)容的存儲成本,因?yàn)橹挥斜匾钠尾艜鎯υ诜?wù)器上。


FMP4 (Fragmented MP4) is a file format used for streaming audio and video content over the internet. It is an extension of the MP4 file format and supports the delivery of media content in small fragments.


Here is an overview of the main fields of information in the FMP4 format:


Box: The FMP4 file is made up of a series of boxes, which contain metadata about the media content. Each box has a unique identifier and a size field that indicates the size of the box.


Track: The track box contains information about a specific track in the media content, such as the track number, track type (audio or video), and the format of the media data.


Media: The media box contains information about the type of media content, such as audio or video, and the codecs used to encode the data.


Sample: The sample box contains information about the individual samples of media data, including the sample duration, the sample size, and the sample composition time.


Fragment: The fragment box contains information about the individual fragments of media data, including the duration of the fragment and the location of the fragment in the file.


Initialization segment: The initialization segment contains information about the structure of the file, including the location of the first fragment and the size of the fragments.


Index: The index box contains an index of the fragments in the file, which is used to locate specific fragments during playback.


Bitrate: The bitrate of an FMP4 file is the amount of data transmitted per unit of time, typically measured in bits per second (bps).


Encryption: FMP4 supports the use of encryption to protect the media content from unauthorized access. The encryption keys are typically stored in a separate file, known as a key file.


Streaming protocols: FMP4 is commonly used with streaming protocols such as HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), which enable the delivery of media content over the internet in a scalable and efficient manner.


Timestamps: FMP4 supports the use of timestamps to synchronize audio and video content during playback. Timestamps are typically based on the media presentation time (PTS) and the decode time (DTS) of each sample.


Metadata: FMP4 supports the inclusion of metadata in the file, such as information about the creator of the content, the date of creation, and the copyright holder.


Fragmentation: FMP4 allows media content to be divided into smaller fragments, which enables more efficient delivery of the content over the internet. The size of the fragments can be varied depending on the needs of the application.


Compatibility: FMP4 is compatible with a wide range of media players and streaming protocols, which makes it a popular choice for delivering media content over the internet.


Editing: FMP4 supports the editing of media content, such as cutting and splicing video segments, without the need for re-encoding the entire file.


Timed metadata: FMP4 allows timed metadata to be included in the file, which can be used to provide additional information about the media content, such as chapter markers, subtitles, and alternate audio tracks.


H.264 and AAC: FMP4 typically uses the H.264 video codec and the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) audio codec, which are widely supported by media players and streaming protocols.


Fragmented delivery: FMP4 allows media content to be delivered in a fragmented manner, which enables more efficient delivery of the content over the internet and reduces the risk of buffering during playback.


Streaming options: FMP4 supports a range of streaming options, including live streaming, video-on-demand, and progressive download. This flexibility makes it suitable for a wide range of use cases, from large-scale live events to on-demand video playback.


Adaptive bitrate: FMP4 supports adaptive bitrate streaming, which means that the quality of the media content can be adjusted on-the-fly to match the available bandwidth and device capabilities. This helps to ensure a smooth and uninterrupted playback experience for the user.


Fragmented delivery: FMP4 allows media content to be delivered in a fragmented manner, which enables more efficient delivery of the content over the internet and reduces the risk of buffering during playback.


Multiple audio and subtitle tracks: FMP4 supports the inclusion of multiple audio and subtitle tracks in a single file, which allows viewers to choose their preferred language or subtitles during playback.


Closed captioning: FMP4 supports closed captioning, which allows for the inclusion of text captions in the media content for viewers who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.


DRM: FMP4 supports digital rights management (DRM), which allows content owners to protect their content from unauthorized access and distribution.


Codecs and containers: FMP4 is a container format that supports a range of audio and video codecs, including H.264, AAC, and HEVC. This makes it suitable for a wide range of media content and devices.


Fragmented delivery: FMP4 allows media content to be delivered in a fragmented manner, which enables more efficient delivery of the content over the internet and reduces the risk of buffering during playback.


Metadata: FMP4 supports the inclusion of metadata in the file, such as information about the creator of the content, the date of creation, and the copyright holder.


Chapter markers: FMP4 allows for the inclusion of chapter markers in the media content, which enables viewers to quickly navigate to specific points in the video.


Interactivity: FMP4 supports interactivity features, such as clickable buttons and interactive overlays, which can enhance the viewer's experience and provide additional information about the content.


Fragmented delivery: FMP4 allows media content to be delivered in a fragmented manner, which enables more efficient delivery of the content over the internet and reduces the risk of buffering during playback.


Compatibility: FMP4 is compatible with a wide range of media players and streaming protocols, which makes it a popular choice for delivering media content over the internet.


Subtitle formats: FMP4 supports a range of subtitle formats, including WebVTT, TTML, and SRT, which makes it easy to include subtitles in the media content.


Streaming protocols: FMP4 is commonly used with streaming protocols such as HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), which enable the delivery of media content over the internet in a scalable and efficient manner.


Fragmented delivery: FMP4 allows media content to be delivered in a fragmented manner, which enables more efficient delivery of the content over the internet and reduces the risk of buffering during playback.


Data streaming: FMP4 supports the streaming of data, such as text and images, in addition to audio and video content. This makes it possible to create more interactive and engaging media experiences.


Encryption: FMP4 supports encryption of media content, which helps to protect against piracy and unauthorized access.


Captioning: FMP4 supports captioning for the hearing-impaired, which helps to make media content more accessible to a wider audience.


Multi-language support: FMP4 supports the inclusion of multiple audio and subtitle tracks in different languages, which helps to make media content more accessible to viewers who speak different languages.


Integration with ad networks: FMP4 can be easily integrated with ad networks, which enables content owners to monetize their media content through advertising.


Integration with analytics: FMP4 can be integrated with analytics platforms, which allows content owners to track viewer engagement and gain insights into viewer behavior.


Scalability: FMP4 is designed to be highly scalable, which means it can be used to deliver media content to large numbers of viewers simultaneously without sacrificing quality or performance.


Low latency: FMP4 supports low-latency streaming, which makes it suitable for applications that require real-time interaction, such as live sports broadcasts and video conferencing.


Adaptive streaming: FMP4 supports adaptive streaming, which enables the quality of the media content to be adjusted in real-time based on the viewer's available bandwidth and device capabilities. This helps to ensure a smooth and uninterrupted playback experience for the viewer.


Compatibility with hardware: FMP4 is widely supported by hardware devices, including smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs, which makes it a popular choice for delivering media content to a wide range of devices.


Smaller file sizes: FMP4 supports fragmented delivery, which allows media content to be delivered in smaller file sizes, reducing the amount of bandwidth required to deliver the content and making it easier to stream over the internet.


Fast seeking: FMP4 supports fast seeking, which allows viewers to quickly navigate to specific points in the video without experiencing long buffering times or delays.


Reduced buffering: FMP4's support for fragmented delivery, adaptive streaming, and low-latency streaming can help to reduce buffering and improve the overall viewing experience.


Server-side ad insertion: FMP4 supports server-side ad insertion, which allows for more efficient ad delivery and reduces the risk of ad blockers.


High-quality audio: FMP4 supports high-quality audio, including 5.1 and 7.1 surround sound, which enhances the viewer's audio experience.


Wide range of applications: FMP4 can be used for a wide range of applications, including live streaming, video on demand, and interactive video experiences.


Low cost: FMP4 is a relatively low-cost solution for delivering media content over the internet, which makes it an attractive option for businesses and organizations of all sizes.


Easy to use: FMP4 is easy to use and implement, which reduces the amount of time and resources required to get media content up and running on the internet.


Standards-based: FMP4 is based on open standards, which ensures compatibility with a wide range of devices and platforms.


Integration with content management systems: FMP4 can be easily integrated with content management systems, which allows content owners to easily manage and distribute their media content.


In-band event signaling: FMP4 supports in-band event signaling, which enables the delivery of interactive content and allows content owners to collect data on viewer engagement.


Live transcoding: FMP4 supports live transcoding, which allows media content to be encoded in real-time, reducing the need for pre-encoded content and enabling faster delivery of live streams.


Integration with content delivery networks: FMP4 can be easily integrated with content delivery networks, which ensures fast and reliable delivery of media content to viewers worldwide.


Wide range of codecs: FMP4 supports a wide range of codecs, including H.264, HEVC, and VP9, which allows content owners to deliver media content in the highest quality possible.


Wide range of streaming protocols: FMP4 supports a wide range of streaming protocols, including HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), and Smooth Streaming, which ensures compatibility with a wide range of devices and platforms.


Interoperability: FMP4 is designed for interoperability, which means that media content encoded in FMP4 format can be played back on a wide range of devices and platforms without any compatibility issues.


Subtitles and closed captioning: FMP4 supports the inclusion of subtitles and closed captioning in media content, which enhances the accessibility of the content for viewers with hearing impairments or who speak different languages.


Digital Rights Management (DRM): FMP4 supports various DRM technologies, which allows content owners to protect their content from unauthorized distribution and piracy.


Dynamic packaging: FMP4 supports dynamic packaging, which allows media content to be dynamically packaged in real-time, based on the viewer's device and available bandwidth, ensuring the highest quality viewing experience possible.


Ad insertion at specific times: FMP4 supports ad insertion at specific times in the video, which enables content owners to monetize their content more effectively.


User engagement tracking: FMP4 supports user engagement tracking, which allows content owners to collect data on viewer behavior and preferences, enabling them to optimize their content and improve engagement.


Integration with analytics platforms: FMP4 can be easily integrated with analytics platforms, which allows content owners to track viewer engagement and measure the effectiveness of their content.


Reduced storage costs: FMP4's support for fragmented delivery and dynamic packaging can help to reduce storage costs for media content, as only the necessary segments are stored on the server.



Fragmented MP4格式詳解的評論 (共 條)

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