七七 | Lesson 6 非謂語動(dòng)詞 下集

4??非謂語作定語

1. to do作定語

1）放在名詞、代詞后，表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

The house to be built next month is intended for disabled children.

We are looking for somewhere to live.

2）被修飾的詞是序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、the only，或被這些詞及no / all / any等詞限定。

She was always the first to come and the last to leave.

I don’t have any words to say about this question.

3）放在信息類抽象名詞后，表具體內(nèi)容。

The company made a promise to provide high-quality products and service.

Any attempt to set back the wheel of history is certain to fail.

【抽象名詞】

• promise / plan / ability / way / opportunity / right / chance / willingness / decision / courage / time…

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2. doing, done作定語

A young teacher teaching English came to apply for the position.

The boy being punished by the teacher is my brother.

Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

要點(diǎn)：doing作定語表示主動(dòng)、同時(shí)發(fā)生，being done做定語表示被動(dòng)、同時(shí)發(fā)生，done作定語表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作；having done不能作定語。

Having been beaten by him made her sad.

Being beaten by him made her sad.

The man injured in the accident is a bus driver.

The man having been injured in the accident is a bus driver.

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【小試牛刀】

1. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message?hidden（hide）within the work.

2. The room is empty except for a bookshelf?standing（stand）in one corner.

3. Volunteering gives you a chance to change（change）lives, including your own.

4. Lionel Messi,?setting（set）the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.

5. The club,?founded（found）25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

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5??非謂語作狀語

1. to do作狀語

To make himself heard, he raised his voice. （目的狀語）

He hurried home only to find his money stolen.（意外結(jié)果狀語）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.（原因狀語）

要點(diǎn)：

to do作目的狀語，常見結(jié)構(gòu)還有：in order to, so as to?等；

to do作結(jié)果狀語，常用于only to, too…to, enough…to, so/ such…as to結(jié)構(gòu)中；

to do作原因狀語，往往放在形容詞后。

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2. doing, done作狀語

1）判斷正誤

Seeing our efforts paid off, we all felt a sense of accomplishment.

Seeing our efforts paid off, a sense of accomplishment arose from our hearts.（Being seen）

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2）判斷狀語類型

Seeing that he ran to me, I waved my hands to him with great delight.：時(shí)間狀語

Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird's nest.：條件狀語

Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.：原因狀語

He glanced at her, noticing that she was very pretty.：結(jié)果狀語

Lying on the bed, I watched the Ellen Show.：伴隨狀語

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.：讓步狀語

My flight was delayed, so I killed time, reading a book.：方式狀語

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【小試牛刀】

1. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online?to save（save）their valuable time.

2. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,?making（make）air conditioning unnecessary.

3.?To catch（catch）the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

4. Absorbed（absorb）in painting, John didn’t notice evening-approaching.

5.?Having worked（work）for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

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6??非謂語作補(bǔ)語

【請(qǐng)找出下列句子中的補(bǔ)語】

He was elected chairman of the company.

We all find this lecture interesting?.

He was seen wandering along the city street.

I will have all my friends come over this weekend.

He was made to finish the work immediately.

Parents want their children to develop fully.

I warned you not to walk home alone at night.

My neighbour was heard lock the door.

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1. 感官動(dòng)詞：一感、二聽、五看

feel, hear / listen to, see / watch / notice / look at / observe +賓語＋賓補(bǔ)

I heard her?sing an song just now.

I heard her?singing an song when I passed by.

I heard an song?being sung?by her when I passed by.

I heard an song?sung by her just now.

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要點(diǎn)1：五看、兩聽、一感覺 + 賓語 +?do/doing/being done/done

要點(diǎn)2：被動(dòng)還原 to

They saw the boy fall off the tree.

The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

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2.?使役動(dòng)詞

Leave?him?to?do?it?himself.

I?had?to?leave?my?homework?to?be?finished?tomorrow?evening.

What?the?teacher?said?left?me?thinking?deeply?about?my?study.

We?can't?leave?such?an?important?matter?unfinished/unsolved.

He?had?me?repair?the?bike.

Steven?had?his?legs?broken?while?playing?football.

The?king?had?his?servant?standing?in?the?rain?for?two?hours.

My?parents?often?make?me?do?some?housework.

You?should?raise?your?voice?to?make?yourself?heard?in?the?speech.

get?sb.?to?do：讓某人去做…（將來）

get?sb./sth.?doing：讓…一直…（進(jìn)行）

get?sth.?done????：讓某事被做

keep?sb. / sth.?doing：讓…一直做…

keep?sb./sth.?done：讓…被做

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【小試牛刀】

1. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken （speak）as much as we can.

2. I looked up and noticed a snake winding（wind）its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

3. When we saw the road blocked （block）with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.

4. Claire had her luggage checked （check）an hour before her plane left.

5. The director had her assistant pick（pick）up some hot dogs for the meeting.

6. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed （wash）.

7. They use computers to keep the traffic running（run）smoothly.

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3. find + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)

I found the dog to be hateful.

I found the dog chewing my homework.

I found my homework being chewed by the dog.

I found my homework chewed by the dog.

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要點(diǎn)：find + 賓語 +?to do / doing / being done / done

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4. catch + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)

He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A man was caught stealing iPhone XR from the pocket of a passenger.?

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要點(diǎn)：catch sb.?doing?sth. 表示碰上、撞見某人正在做...

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【小試牛刀】

8. The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed（develop）after great effort.

• develop：v. 發(fā)展；研發(fā)，研制

9. When summer comes, they will invite their students to pick（pick）the fresh vegetables!

10. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed to go（go）into the sports club.

11. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost（lose）for words.

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7??with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)&獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

1.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

With the lights off, they wouldn't go on with the work.

With so much homework to do, I have no time to play video games.

With his hair cut, he looks much younger.

With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.

要點(diǎn)：with + 名詞/代詞 + to do / doing / done...

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【小試牛刀】

1. It’s a pity that the great writer die with his works unfinished（finish）.
2. With two children attending（attend）middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.
3. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists?ruining（ruin）the atmosphere of peace?

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2.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

Our teacher came into the classroom, books in hand.

Time permitting, we'll go there tomorrow. = If time permits, we'll go there tomorrow.

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

It being Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to work out.

The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons?finished（finish）for the day.

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要點(diǎn)：名詞/代詞 + to do/doing/done...

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1. 老人坐在座位上，皺著眉頭。（knit one's brows）

• The old man sat in his seat, brows knitted / with knitted brows / knitting his brows.

2. 天氣允許的話，晚會(huì)將在花園里舉行。

• Weather permitting, the party will be held in the garden.

3. Linda一下子站了起來，眼睛冒出憤怒的火光。（跳，猛沖 leap-leapt-leapt）

• Linda leapt to her feet, her eyes blazing with anger.

4. 她氣得臉色甚白，站起來走開了。

Her face pale with anger, she got up and walked away.

5. 他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.

8??【非謂語大作戰(zhàn)】不正經(jīng)版

1. Having swallowed（swallow）Little Red Hat, the wolf went to bed and slept.
2. Singing（sing）"You don't know love, Far High", she threw the tortoise into the river, with tears filling her eyes.（fill）
3. Sorry, the person being called（call）are in Grade 3 now. Please dial again a year later.
4. There are 2 ways to drive a person crazy. Firstly, leave the words unfinished（finish）...
5. To prevent（prevent）puppy love, the teacher always arranges for beautiful girl-student to be his desk mate.
6. Have you seen Tao dance（dance）"Little Apple"? That's such a beautiful scene that Il dare not have my eyes fixed on it.（fix）
7. A Twitter: My look can keep me studying（study） until my graduation God Comment: But can your intelligence?
8. Having finished（finish）the exercises, I become crazy. Ms. Flare, I have had enough of you!

9??【非謂語大作戰(zhàn)】正經(jīng)版

1. Anyone, once?tested（test）positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
2. Founded（found）in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
3. To make（make）it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
4. The adobe dwellings built（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern architects and engineers.
5. The lecture, starting（start）at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
6. Driven（drive）by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
7. He didn’t seem to care, and just sat there, cool as you like, sucking the end of a pencil and?looking（look）around the room.
8. Wondering（wonder）how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.