原文標(biāo)題：
Migrants, drugs and gangs
The art of the practical
Ways to ease the misery stemming from America’s southern border
移民、毒品和幫派
實(shí)用的藝術(shù)
緩解美國(guó)南部邊境痛苦的方法

Border trouble
Small, sensible steps could help ease America’s border woes
邊境問(wèn)題
小而明智的措施可以幫助緩解美國(guó)的邊境問(wèn)題

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A TRIPLE TRAGEDY is playing out on either side of the border between the United States and Mexico.

三重悲劇正在美墨邊境上演。

The most visible element is a migration crisis, brought to a head by the end of a pandemic-era provision called Title 42, which has allowed the rapid expulsion of migrants on public-health grounds.

其中最明顯的是移民危機(jī)，因疫情期間一項(xiàng)名為Title 42的規(guī)定到期而達(dá)到頂峰，該規(guī)定允許以公共衛(wèi)生為由迅速驅(qū)逐移民。

Officials have been bracing themselves for chaos after Title 42 expires on May 11th: some expect 13,000 people a day to seek asylum in America.
5月11日Title 42到期，官員們一直在為混亂做準(zhǔn)備：有人預(yù)計(jì)每天有1.3萬(wàn) 人在尋求美國(guó)庇護(hù)。

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Regulating the flow of migrants is hard enough. Stopping the flow of drugs across the border is proving impossible.

管制移民人口流動(dòng)已經(jīng)夠難的了。而阻止毒品跨境流動(dòng)就更加不可能了。

Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, is 50 times more potent than heroin and produced in vast quantities in Mexico.

芬太尼是一種合成阿片類藥物，藥效是海洛因的 50 倍，在墨西哥大量生產(chǎn)。

It is also especially deadly, killing more people in a year than the total of Americans who died fighting wars in Korea, Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan.

它也極其致命，一年內(nèi)造成的死亡人數(shù)超過(guò)在朝鮮、越南、伊拉克和阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中死亡的美國(guó)人總數(shù)。

All told, drug overdoses have now claimed 1m American lives since 1999.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，自1999年以來(lái)，藥物過(guò)量已奪走了100萬(wàn)美國(guó)人的生命。

The third tragedy is in Mexico, where a proliferating number of criminal gangs are fighting over the profits from trafficking drugs, people and guns—and have grown powerful enough to subvert local government and muscle their way into other businesses.
第三個(gè)悲劇是在墨西哥，在那里，越來(lái)越多的犯罪團(tuán)伙正在爭(zhēng)奪販運(yùn)毒品、人口和槍支的利潤(rùn)--他們已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到足以顛覆當(dāng)?shù)卣?，并以?qiáng)硬手段進(jìn)入其他行業(yè)。

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None of these problems has a simple solution.

這些問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有一個(gè)行之有效的解決方案。

The supply chains for fentanyl, for example, stretch to China (for the precursor chemicals) and are quick to adapt to any disruption.

例如，芬太尼的供應(yīng)鏈延伸至中國(guó)（用于前體化學(xué)品），并能迅速適應(yīng)任何中斷情況。

America has been waging a war on drugs for half a century, with negligible success and much collateral damage.

半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直在與毒品作斗爭(zhēng)，但收效甚微，而間接損害卻很大。

Cross-border collaboration might help, but relations between America and Mexico are touchy and likely to grow touchier as both countries gear up for presidential elections next year.

跨境合作可能會(huì)有幫助，但美墨兩國(guó)關(guān)系很敏感，而且由于兩國(guó)都在為明年的總統(tǒng)選舉做準(zhǔn)備，這種關(guān)系可能會(huì)變得更加敏感。

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On migration, the Biden administration has groped its way to a policy that moves in the right direction: beefing up border forces, expanding legal avenues for asylum-seekers and vowing to deport illicit border-crossers swiftly.

在移民問(wèn)題上，拜登政府已經(jīng)摸索出一條朝著正確方向前進(jìn)的政策：加強(qiáng)邊防部隊(duì)，擴(kuò)大尋求庇護(hù)者的合法途徑，并誓言要迅速驅(qū)逐非法越境者。

Republicans give him no credit, caricaturing him instead as letting illegal immigrants bearing fentanyl flood into the country.

共和黨人不相信他，反而諷刺他讓攜帶芬太尼的非法移民涌入美國(guó)。

Ron DeSantis, the Florida governor and a likely presidential candidate, is said to be preparing further headline-grabbing displays in which migrants are transported to Democrat-run states.
佛羅里達(dá)州州長(zhǎng)、可能的總統(tǒng)候選人羅恩.德桑蒂斯據(jù)說(shuō)正在準(zhǔn)備吸引眼球的表演，他說(shuō)把移民運(yùn)送到民主黨人管理的州。

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Political polarisation for now rules out bold reforms on drugs or immigration (nothing will get through Congress). But in the meantime many smaller practical steps are possible.

目前，政治兩極分化導(dǎo)致無(wú)法對(duì)毒品或移民進(jìn)行大膽改革（任何法案都無(wú)法獲得國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)）。但與此同時(shí)，可以采取切實(shí)可行的小措施。

To reduce the harm caused by opioids, the government could expand access to treatments for addiction.

為了減少阿片類藥物造成的危害，政府可以擴(kuò)大治療成癮的途徑。

It could also make test strips for fentanyl widely available (instead of treating them as illegal drug paraphernalia), so that people know when they are about to take (and perhaps overdose on) the lethal substance.
它還可以廣泛提供芬太尼試紙（而不是將其視為非法藥物用具），這樣就知道他們何時(shí)會(huì)服用（可能服用過(guò)量）這種致命物質(zhì)。

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To relieve pressure on the border, it would help if more jobseekers were allowed in legally.

為了緩解邊境壓力，如果允許更多的求職者合法入境，將會(huì)有所幫助。

America’s whole immigration system is clogged up, with would-be migrants and employers sometimes waiting years for a decision.

美國(guó)整個(gè)移民系統(tǒng)文件積壓，潛在移民和雇主有時(shí)要等上好幾年才能得到官方?jīng)Q定。

A new report from the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, lists a raft of reforms that could reduce a backlog of 20m applications with little money and no new legislation: from reducing duplication between agencies to eliminating unnecessary requests for evidence to extending the length of visas.

華盛頓智庫(kù)“卡托研究所”的一份新報(bào)告列出了一系列改革措施，這些措施只需要少量錢而不需要新立法的情況下，就可以減少2000萬(wàn)份申請(qǐng)的積壓：減少機(jī)構(gòu)間的重復(fù)工作，取消不必要的證據(jù)要求，延長(zhǎng)簽證時(shí)長(zhǎng)等。

If the system were more streamlined, employers would be able to fill vacancies more quickly and fewer people would feel they had no choice but to try their luck with people-smugglers or speculative asylum claims.

如果該系統(tǒng)更加精簡(jiǎn)，雇主就能更快地填補(bǔ)崗位空缺，絕望的人也就更少了，否則他們只能在偷渡或投機(jī)性庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)中去碰運(yùn)氣。

Mr Biden cannot solve the problems on America’s southern border; but he could ease them a little if he pushed harder.
拜登無(wú)法完全解決美國(guó)南部邊境的問(wèn)題；但如果他更用力地推動(dòng)這些小措施，那么他就可以稍微緩解這些問(wèn)題。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語(yǔ)詞匯量661左右）
原文出自：2023年5月13日《The Economist》Leaders版塊

精讀筆記來(lái)源于：自由英語(yǔ)之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來(lái)自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
Title 42是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦法律中的一部分，是為了防止傳染病在美國(guó)境內(nèi)蔓延而制定的。這項(xiàng)法律賦予了公共衛(wèi)生官員和移民官員在特定情況下限制和禁止外國(guó)人進(jìn)入美國(guó)的權(quán)力。在COVID-19大流行期間，美國(guó)政府基于Title 42規(guī)定實(shí)施了入境限制措施，以減緩病毒的傳播。根據(jù)這項(xiàng)規(guī)定，任何試圖從美國(guó)南部邊境非法進(jìn)入美國(guó)的外國(guó)人都可能被拘留并驅(qū)逐出境，而不考慮他們是否尋求庇護(hù)或有其他合法理由進(jìn)入美國(guó)。這項(xiàng)規(guī)定也擴(kuò)大了移民局對(duì)非法入境者的驅(qū)逐權(quán)，并暫停了大部分的庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)程序。Title 42規(guī)定引起了許多爭(zhēng)議，因?yàn)榕u(píng)者認(rèn)為它違反了難民和移民的權(quán)利，并將許多人置于危險(xiǎn)之中。然而，支持者則認(rèn)為它是保護(hù)公眾健康和國(guó)家安全的必要措施。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3個(gè)）
A TRIPLE TRAGEDY is playing out on either side of the border between the United States and Mexico.
三重悲劇正在美墨邊境上演。

Regulating the flow of migrants is hard enough. Stopping the flow of drugs across the border is proving impossible.
管制移民人口流動(dòng)已經(jīng)夠難的了。而阻止毒品跨境流動(dòng)就更加不可能了。

America has been waging a war on drugs for half a century, with negligible success and much collateral damage.
半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直在與毒品作斗爭(zhēng)，但收效甚微，而間接損害卻很大。