2023年華東師范大學(xué)MTI

漢譯英真題解析

雖悲劇但震撼

原文：

在我的印象中，鐘先生是不大做風(fēng)景畫(huà)的，倘偶一為之，觀者便會(huì)為他不凡的手筆1所傾倒2。鐘先生愛(ài)自然，但更愛(ài)人間。雖然人世曾給了他一份受傷的心，他的畫(huà)筆卻總是飽含著強(qiáng)烈的情感直面人生的3。他要表現(xiàn)的4便是他深深?lèi)?ài)著、同情著的那些個(gè)普普通通的人。與有些畫(huà)中那些生活中的強(qiáng)者激昂與自信的形象相比，先生筆下的人物大都是平庸之輩，沉默、平和而自在，顯得十分的謙和，十分的淡泊5。不論是《被遺忘的藝術(shù)家》、《婦女》，抑或是《余音裊裊》，其中的人物，一眼便令人感受到6他們大都具有經(jīng)歷過(guò)人生的磨難以后才有的那種平和寧?kù)o，感受到那寓于平和寧?kù)o中淡淡的、無(wú)聲的憂傷，構(gòu)不成嚴(yán)峻而激烈的悲劇沖突，但正是因了它的平淡沖和卻是從最高的層次上完成了它的悲劇性，使他的作品具有了震撼人心的力量。

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譯注：

1手筆：手筆

(1)∶親筆寫(xiě)或畫(huà)的東西 ?(2) ∶文字或書(shū)畫(huà)的造詣

原文可能指的是（1）或者（2），只要翻譯出一種意思即可。

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2 顛倒也，心折服也。南朝宋、劉義慶《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)·賞譽(yù)下》：「庾公曰：『衛(wèi)風(fēng)韻雖不及卿諸人，傾倒處亦不近。』；唐、杜甫〈奉贈(zèng)射洪李四丈〉詩(shī)：「志士懷感傷，心胸已傾倒。」

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3 他用畫(huà)筆創(chuàng)作了飽含深情的作品，讓人們看到了他直面人生。

直面人生說(shuō)的是鐘先生直面人生，飽含深情是說(shuō)的是先生的作品飽含深情，也可以說(shuō)是先生飽含深情，用畫(huà)筆進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作。

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4 他要盡力表現(xiàn)的是……

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5 此句眾多形容詞給人創(chuàng)造了一種強(qiáng)烈的圖畫(huà)感，比如祝福中對(duì)祥林嫂的描寫(xiě)改換后的分析：

效果判斷題 1.簡(jiǎn)要分析下面句子變換后與原文有何不同。 ???

原文：她一手提著竹籃，內(nèi)中一個(gè)破碗，空的；一手拄著一支比她更長(zhǎng)的竹竿，下端開(kāi)了裂：她分明已經(jīng)純乎是一個(gè)乞丐了。 ???

變換：她一手提著竹籃，內(nèi)中一個(gè)空的破碗；一手拄著一支比她更長(zhǎng)的下端開(kāi)了裂的竹竿：她分明已經(jīng)純乎是一個(gè)乞丐了。

答： 變換之后，句子成為一般性的描寫(xiě)，僅說(shuō)明祥林嫂現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是一個(gè)乞丐了。魯迅先生的經(jīng)典描寫(xiě)，意在強(qiáng)調(diào)祥林嫂的悲慘狀況，與下面“純乎”照應(yīng)；同時(shí)體現(xiàn)先生的白描手法，富有韻致，讓人印象深刻。

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6 一眼便感受到說(shuō)的是觀眾一眼便感受到……

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Bleuciel1 藍(lán)天英語(yǔ) 譯文：

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In my impression, Mr. Zhong?does not do much landscape painting. If he does once in a while, the watchers1?will be completely convinced2?by his extraordinary3?brushwork4. Mr. Zhong?loves nature, but he loves the human world more. Although the world has broken his?heart, he even faces the life with emotions5?with his brushes6. What he tries?to show is that he deeply loves and sympathizes with the?ordinary people. Compared with the passionate and confident images of the strong people in life in some paintings, most of his?characters7?are such silent, peaceful and comfortable mediocrity8?that they?seem?modest9?and indifferent10?a lot. From the first sight,?characters in?his works such as, "Forgotten Artist", "Women", or "Lingering Voice",?are sensed?that most of them have experienced hardships in?life?before getting peace and quietness of sort. It is also sensed?that the subtle11?sadness?can’t make?severe12?and fierce13?tragic conflicts. However, it is the insipidness14?that sponsor15?to its tragedy at?the highest level?and a shocking power to his works.

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譯注：

1同義詞辨析

Watcher, audience, observer, onlooker, spectator

watcher n. 觀察者

〔辨析〕指因愛(ài)好或工作而觀察某人、某事物的人。

〔例證〕More than ten thousand bird watchers visit annually.

每年有萬(wàn)余名觀鳥(niǎo)者到訪。

Where is the fire watcher?

火災(zāi)警戒員在哪里？

At that moment, the watchers became strangely quiet.

在那個(gè)時(shí)刻，那些觀察家變得出奇地安靜。

audience n. 〈英〉觀眾，聽(tīng)眾

〔辨析〕指戲劇、電影等的觀眾或演講、音樂(lè)（會(huì)）等的聽(tīng)眾，為集合名詞；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體則其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若強(qiáng)調(diào)多個(gè)成員則其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

〔例證〕The audience was enormous.

觀眾人很多。

The audience were greatly moved by his words.

聽(tīng)了他的話，觀眾們很感動(dòng)。

The performance caused a roar of laughter in the audience.

表演引起了觀眾的哄堂大笑。

His lecture drew a large audience.

他的講座吸引了一大批聽(tīng)眾。

observer n. 觀察者，觀察員

〔辨析〕指對(duì)某些事件、局勢(shì)、事物等進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期或定期觀察的人，這些人被視為相關(guān)方面的專(zhuān)家。

〔例證〕conomic/political observers

經(jīng)濟(jì)觀察家/政治觀察員

The observer should take full notes on the atmospheric conditions.

觀測(cè)者應(yīng)對(duì)大氣狀況作詳細(xì)記錄。

An acute observer usually sees the essence of things at first sight.

敏銳的觀察家通常一眼即可看出事物的本質(zhì)。

onlooker n. 旁觀者，觀看者

〔辨析〕指只在一旁靜觀事件發(fā)生或事態(tài)發(fā)展而不介入其中的人。

〔例證〕Onlookers gathered around the scene of the accident.

旁觀者圍聚在事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

Her manner is that of an onlooker.

她采取的是一種旁觀者的態(tài)度。

Some onlookers joined the marching demonstrators.

一些旁觀的人加入了游行示威的隊(duì)伍。

spectator n. 觀眾，觀看者

〔辨析〕尤指體育賽事的觀眾，也指某些公共活動(dòng)（如演出、游行等）的觀看者。

〔例證〕About 10,000 spectators were watching the game.

約有1萬(wàn)名觀眾在觀看比賽。

Thousands of spectators came to the city for the horse race.

數(shù)以千計(jì)的觀眾來(lái)到這座城市觀看賽馬。

The policeman asked the spectators to stand back.

警察要觀看者退后。

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2 convince: make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

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3 extraordinary不平常的；不一般的；非凡的；卓越的

not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual

an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就

She was a truly extraordinary woman. 她是位非常杰出的女性。

They went to extraordinary lengths to explain their behaviour.

他們竭力為自己的行為辯解。

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4 也可譯作attainments

attainment: N-COUNT 成就；造詣；才能

An attainment is a skill you have learned or something you have achieved.

...their educational attainments.

他們的學(xué)業(yè)成就

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5 emotion強(qiáng)烈的感情；激情；情感；情緒

a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person's character that consists of feelings

emotion已經(jīng)包含了strong，翻譯時(shí)不必譯出strong

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Passion, emotion, feeling, sensation

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passion n. 激情；情欲；熱愛(ài)

〔辨析〕指強(qiáng)烈的感情或?qū)δ呈挛锏目駸釔?ài)好；也指兩性間強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài)情或肉欲。

〔例證〕The professor spoke with considerable passion about the importance of philosophy.

教授激動(dòng)地談起哲學(xué)的重要性。

Recent food issues have aroused strong passions.

最近一些食品問(wèn)題已激起人們強(qiáng)烈的情緒。

My friend has a passion for British literature.

我的朋友酷愛(ài)英國(guó)文學(xué)。

The poet expressed his burning passion for the girl he loved.

詩(shī)人表達(dá)了他對(duì)心儀的姑娘火一般的愛(ài)戀之情。

emotion n. 情感，情緒

〔辨析〕指強(qiáng)烈的情感或情緒，如愛(ài)、恨、恐懼 、憤怒等。

〔例證〕Retee listened with mixed emotions.

雷蒂聽(tīng)得百感交集。

He showed no emotion at the verdict.

他對(duì)這一裁定無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。

She never hides her emotions in front of her friends.

在朋友面前，她從來(lái)不掩飾自己的情感。

feeling n. 感情，情感

〔辨析〕普通用詞，指內(nèi)心和感官的感受；也指相對(duì)思想觀念而言的情感，作此義解時(shí)通常用復(fù)數(shù)。

〔例證〕I've got a feeling of hunger.

我感到餓了。

We can understand her feelings.

我們能理解她的心情。

He never cares about the feelings of others.

他從不顧及他人的感受。

Her feelings were seriously hurt.

她的感情受到了嚴(yán)重的傷害。

As an adult, you should learn to be considerate of other people's feelings.

作為一名成年人，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)顧及他人的感情。

sensation n. 感覺(jué)，感受

〔辨析〕指由某一事件、經(jīng)歷或記憶引起的難以描述的感受；也指感官的感覺(jué)，尤指觸覺(jué)。

〔例證〕It was a strange sensation - she felt they used to be close with each other.

這是一種奇怪的感覺(jué)——她覺(jué)得他們以前曾經(jīng)很親密。

Suddenly, he had a burning sensation in his left hand.

他左手突然有種灼熱的感覺(jué)。

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6也可以翻譯為：

He was often seen to face the life through his works full of emotions.

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7 character（書(shū)籍、戲劇或電影中的）人物，角色

a person or an animal in a book, play or film/movie

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a major/minor character in the book?書(shū)中的主要 / 次要人物

cartoon characters??動(dòng)畫(huà)片中的角色

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8 mediocrity [?mi?di??kr?ti]

平庸之人；碌碌無(wú)為者

a person who is not very good at sth

a brilliant leader, surrounded by mediocrities

周?chē)切┯共诺慕艹鲱I(lǐng)導(dǎo)

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9 modest謙虛的；謙遜的

not talking much about your own abilities or possessions

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同義詞辨析：humble, lowly, modest

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humble adj. 謙恭的，卑微的

〔辨析〕指態(tài)度謙遜的，也指社會(huì)地位等低微的，含對(duì)人低聲下氣之意。

〔例證〕a humble apology 恭敬的道歉

eat humble pie ?承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤

He is very humble towards his superiors. 他對(duì)上司很謙恭。

He started his career as a humble clerk. 他從一個(gè)卑微的職員起家。

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lowly adj. 卑微的，低下的

〔辨析〕指社會(huì)地位、職位等低下的，有時(shí)為幽默用法，可與 humble 換用。

〔例證〕The lowly are often most intelligent. 卑賤者往往最聰明。

He was not ashamed of his lowly/humble origins.

他并不以自己出身低微為恥。

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modest adj. 謙虛的，謙遜的

〔辨析〕指行為、態(tài)度等不自大、不虛榮、不傲慢的。

〔例證〕He is very modest about his success. 他對(duì)自己的成就很謙虛。

She is modest and amiable to everyone. ?她待人謙和。

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10 indifferent 漠不關(guān)心；不感興趣

having or showing no interest in sb/sth

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同義詞辨析：impersonal, aloof, apathetic, cold ,cool, indifferent

impersonal adj. 冷漠的

〔辨析〕指沒(méi)有人情味、不友好的。

〔例證〕Most of the letters from her were impersonal and formal.

她的來(lái)信多數(shù)都是既沒(méi)有人情味又模式化的。

All his colleagues knew him as an impersonal man.

他的同事們都知道他是一個(gè)冷漠的人。

aloof adj. 冷漠的，疏遠(yuǎn)的

〔辨析〕指主觀上不愿意和別人多說(shuō)話的，強(qiáng)調(diào)不合群，含不友好之意，通常作表語(yǔ)，常后接介詞 from。

〔例證〕She is so aloof. ?她很不合群。

He is a man who stays aloof from his neighbours. 他這個(gè)人一直和鄰居很疏遠(yuǎn)。

She has few friends due to her aloof exterior. 她外表冷漠，因此幾乎沒(méi)什么朋友。

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apathetic adj. 冷淡的，無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的

〔辨析〕指對(duì)某事物或某種狀況不感興趣、不愿努力作出改變的。

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〔例證〕He became apathetic after his failure. ?他失敗后變得很冷漠。

She feels too apathetic to even move. 她毫無(wú)興趣，甚至連動(dòng)都不想動(dòng)。

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cold adj. 冷漠的，冷淡的

〔辨析〕指沒(méi)有同情心、幽默感等正常的情感且待人不友善的。

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〔例證〕She is always cold to others. 她對(duì)人總是冷冰冰的。

His voice was so cold that she didn't have the guts to tell him the truth.

他的聲音冷冰冰的，致使她不敢告訴他真相。

She was cold towards everyone at the party. 她在聚會(huì)上對(duì)每一個(gè)人都很冷淡。

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cool adj. 冷漠的，冷淡的

〔辨析〕指不友好的，也可指沒(méi)有興趣或熱情的。

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〔例證〕a cool ruthless manner ?冷漠無(wú)情的態(tài)度

The president received a cool welcome when he visited Japan.

總統(tǒng)訪問(wèn)日本時(shí)受到了冷遇。

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indifferent adj. 不在乎的，不關(guān)心的

〔辨析〕指對(duì)某人或某事物漠不關(guān)心、毫無(wú)興趣的，常后接介詞 to。

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〔例證〕Nobody knew why she was so indifferent to him.

沒(méi)人明白她為什么對(duì)他這么冷淡。

She was absolutely indifferent to this topic.

她對(duì)這個(gè)話題完全沒(méi)興趣。

He is indifferent to the girls around him.

他對(duì)周?chē)呐兒敛辉谝狻?/p>

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11 subtle不易察覺(jué)的；不明顯的；微妙的

not very noticeable or obvious

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同義詞辨析回頂部

fine delicate subtle【詞義：細(xì)微的，微妙的】

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fine adj. 細(xì)微的

〔辨析〕指細(xì)節(jié)、變化、區(qū)別等十分微小，因而難以理解或覺(jué)察的，通常作定語(yǔ)。

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〔例證〕She pursues perfection and pays attention to all the fine details.

她追求完美，關(guān)注一切細(xì)節(jié)。

Have you noticed that fine distinction?

你注意到那個(gè)細(xì)微的差別了嗎？

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delicate adj. 微妙的

〔辨析〕指局勢(shì)、問(wèn)題、討論等需要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待的，以免引起問(wèn)題或觸怒某人。

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〔例證〕You'd better give a second thought to the matter because this is a delicate problem.

這是一個(gè)微妙的問(wèn)題，你最好再好好想一想。

This delicate situation requires you look before you leap.

這種微妙的局面需要你三思而后行。

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subtle adj. 細(xì)微的，微妙的

〔辨析〕指氣味、差別、行為等只有通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察才能注意或感受到的，常含褒義。

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〔例證〕The subtle fragrance made him sleepy.

淡淡的香氣使他昏昏欲睡。

Although from the same designer, there are subtle differences between the two styles.

盡管出自同一位設(shè)計(jì)師之手，這兩種風(fēng)格之間還是有細(xì)微差別的。

He was a little slow this morning and paid no attention to her subtle hint.

他今早反應(yīng)有點(diǎn)兒慢，沒(méi)注意到她微妙的暗示。

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12 severe艱難的；艱巨的；難度很大的

extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or ability

The marathon is a severe test of stamina.

馬拉松賽跑是對(duì)耐力的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。

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同義詞辨析

severe ,cold-hearted,?hard,?harsh【詞義：嚴(yán)厲的】

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severe adj. 嚴(yán)厲的

〔辨析〕形容人時(shí)指某人神態(tài)嚴(yán)肅的或待人處事要求嚴(yán)格、不講情面的；形容事物時(shí)指法律、批評(píng)等異常嚴(yán)厲的，近乎苛刻。

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〔例證〕The general had a severe manner.

那位將軍態(tài)度嚴(yán)肅。

My teacher was equally severe on students who were late for class.

我的老師對(duì)所有遲到的學(xué)生都同樣嚴(yán)厲。

The Prime Minister came under severe criticism for his handling of the crisis.

首相對(duì)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的處理受到了強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)。

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cold-hearted adj. 冷酷無(wú)情的，鐵石心腸的

〔辨析〕指人的舉動(dòng)令人覺(jué)得毫無(wú)憐憫之心的。

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〔例證〕He is a cold-hearted man.

他是一個(gè)冷酷無(wú)情的人。

I had no idea he could be so cold-hearted.

我沒(méi)想到他會(huì)這么鐵石心腸。

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hard adj. 冷酷無(wú)情的，嚴(yán)厲刻薄的

〔辨析〕指對(duì)他人過(guò)分嚴(yán)厲的、苛刻的。

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〔例證〕His father was a hard man.

他父親是個(gè)不講情面的人。

She is too hard on her assistant.

她對(duì)待自己的助手太苛刻了。

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harsh adj. 嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的

〔辨析〕指對(duì)待他人或?qū)λ说呐u(píng)非常嚴(yán)厲的、苛刻的。

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〔例證〕He suffered harsh criticism from his colleagues.

他受到了同事們的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。

He received a harsh punishment from his English teacher yesterday.

昨天英語(yǔ)老師嚴(yán)厲責(zé)罰了他。

The critics had nothing but harsh words for her new book.

批評(píng)家對(duì)她的新著只有苛刻的批評(píng)。

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13 fierce 極度的;巨大的;強(qiáng)烈的

fierce conditions are very intense, great, or strong.

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14 insipidness

lacking any distinctive or interesting taste property

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15 sponsor

主辦；舉辦；促成

to arrange for sth official to take place

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本文為譯者原創(chuàng)，只作交流參考，嚴(yán)禁商用。