原文標(biāo)題：
Electronics
Pixels in your eye
Making VR displays more realistic
電子設(shè)備
你眼中的像素
使VR顯示圖像更逼真的方法

Micro LEDs produce sharper digital displays
微型LED產(chǎn)生更清晰的數(shù)字顯示屏

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TO ENTER A virtual environment, users must don a set of VR goggles (see picture). Typically, these contain a pair of stereoscopic lenses and a light-emitting diode (LED) display screen.
用戶想要進(jìn)入虛擬環(huán)境，必須戴上一副“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)”眼鏡（如圖）。VR眼鏡通常是由一對(duì)立體透鏡和發(fā)光二極管（LED）顯示屏組成。

The lenses distort the image on the screen so that it appears to be in three dimensions. And various sensors in the goggles track the position of the user’s head, to co-ordinate that with what is being viewed.
透鏡使屏幕上的圖像失真，使其看起來(lái)是三維圖像。眼鏡里的各種傳感器會(huì)跟蹤用戶頭部活動(dòng)位置，以使其與所觀察的圖像相協(xié)調(diào)。

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A group of researchers based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), along with colleagues at universities in France, South Korea and other parts of America, have come up with a way of arranging LED pixels to produce screens with a much higher resolution than is currently possible.

麻省理工學(xué)院的一組研究人員，加上法國(guó)、韓國(guó)和美國(guó)其他大學(xué)的同事，他們提出了一種排列LED像素點(diǎn)的方法，這種方法生產(chǎn)的屏幕分辨率比現(xiàn)有技術(shù)要高清許多。

As they report this week in Nature, their technique could be used to make VR images that appear far more lifelike than today’s.

正如他們本周發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的論文所說(shuō)，他們的技術(shù)可以用來(lái)制作更逼真的VR圖像，且遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)好于現(xiàn)有的效果。

“You could have a completely immersive experience and wouldn’t be able to distinguish virtual from reality,” claims Jiho Shin, one of the team’s members.
研究團(tuán)隊(duì)之一的辛知?jiǎng)渍f(shuō)：“你可以有一種完全沉浸式的體驗(yàn)，以致于無(wú)法區(qū)分虛擬和現(xiàn)實(shí)?！?br>
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To generate displays with higher and higher resolution, LED pixels have been getting smaller and smaller.

顯示器分辨率越來(lái)越高，LED像素點(diǎn)越小越好。

But this makes them ever harder to manufacture reliably. Some in the industry think a practical limit will soon be reached.

但這使得制造難度加大。一些業(yè)內(nèi)人士認(rèn)為，很快會(huì)小到實(shí)際極限。

Yet smaller pixels are especially valuable for improving screens that are viewed up close, as with a VR headset.

然而，對(duì)于近距離觀看的屏幕（如VR眼鏡）來(lái)說(shuō)，更小的像素點(diǎn)對(duì)提高分辨率尤其重要。

Insufficient pixel density can result in unwanted optical illusions, such as perceived stripes in the image.
如果像素密度不足，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致不必要的視覺(jué)錯(cuò)覺(jué)，如圖像中出現(xiàn)可見(jiàn)條紋。

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At present, LEDs are made like silicon chips.

目前，LED的制造方式與制造硅片方式類(lèi)似。

The red, green and blue versions required for a full range of colours are grown on different wafers, then cut out and placed side by side, with microscopic precision, to form pixels.

紅色，綠色，藍(lán)色可以產(chǎn)生各種各樣的顏色，這三個(gè)子像素卡在不同的晶片上，然后切割，再并排放置，以顯微精度形成像素。

Misalignment leads to rejection. And the smaller the LED, the greater the chance of misalignment.

錯(cuò)位會(huì)導(dǎo)致排斥反應(yīng)。且LED越小，錯(cuò)位的概率越大。

Today’s LEDs can be pretty small (less than 100 microns across). But gogglemakers would prefer something far tinier than that.
如今LED可能非常小（直徑小于100微米）。但眼鏡制造商熱衷直徑更小的LED。

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Dr Shin and his colleagues think they can turn out such minuscule LEDs by going about things differently.

辛博士和他的同事認(rèn)為，他們可以通過(guò)不同的方式來(lái)制造微型LED。

They grow their diodes directly on reusable wafers of silicon and other materials to produce a single-crystalline membrane.

他們直接在可反復(fù)利用的硅晶片和其他材料上卡二極管，以生產(chǎn)單晶膜。

These membranes can then be peeled away, stacked one on top of another like layers of a cake, and cut into patterns of tiny vertical pixels, each as little as four microns across.
然后，這些膜可以被剝離，像蛋糕一樣一層一層地疊起來(lái)，然后被切成微小的垂直像素樣式，每個(gè)像素只有4微米寬。

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As with conventional side-by-side LEDs, the team’s vertical ones yield a full spectrum.

與傳統(tǒng)的并排LED一樣，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的垂直LED可以產(chǎn)生全光譜。

The result should be perfect for VR goggles. And screens for goggles could just be the start.

對(duì)于VR眼鏡來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該有完美的效果。虛擬眼鏡屏幕可能只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。

Now that televisions come in curved and foldable forms, they, too, might be used to surround a viewer in a virtual environment.

現(xiàn)在，電視有曲屏和折疊屏，電視也可以用于在虛擬環(huán)境中包圍觀眾的視線。

One day, perhaps, stacked micro LEDs might even take the immersive experience to the silver screen of cinema itself.
或許有一天，堆疊的微型LED甚至可以將沉浸式體驗(yàn)帶到電影院的銀屏上。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語(yǔ)詞匯量476左右）
原文出自：2023年2月4日《The Economist》Science & technology版塊。

精讀筆記來(lái)源于：自由英語(yǔ)之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來(lái)自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡，它是一種硬件設(shè)備，將人的對(duì)外界的視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)封閉，引導(dǎo)用戶產(chǎn)生一種身在虛擬環(huán)境中的感覺(jué)。其顯示原理是左右眼屏幕分別顯示左右眼的圖像，人眼獲取這種帶有差異的信息后在腦海中產(chǎn)生立體感。VR眼鏡的主要配置就是兩片透鏡。VR透鏡屬于成像光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)，透鏡表面設(shè)計(jì)有平凸（非球面）、雙凸和凹凸效果，透鏡邊緣薄，中心厚。凸透鏡能修正晶狀體的光源的角度，使其重新被人眼讀取，達(dá)到增大視角、將畫(huà)面放大、增強(qiáng)立體效果的作用，讓人有身臨其境的感覺(jué)。顯示器里的景象，如果要隨著人頭部的運(yùn)動(dòng)而實(shí)時(shí)產(chǎn)生變化。則必須知道人頭部的朝向，比如，當(dāng)帶著VR眼鏡的人，向上看時(shí)，眼睛里的顯示器，需要實(shí)時(shí)的顯示虛擬的天空。

在普通的OLED電視（或電腦屏幕）上，每個(gè)像素實(shí)際上是由三個(gè)OLED子像素組成的--一個(gè)紅色、一個(gè)綠色、一個(gè)藍(lán)色--它們并排排列。通過(guò)對(duì)這些微小的OLED進(jìn)行不同組合的照明，像素能夠產(chǎn)生廣泛的顏色。

美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)明了一種堆疊二極管以創(chuàng)建垂直、多色像素的方法，該方法可用于制作更清晰、無(wú)缺陷的顯示器。研究成果近日發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上。

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【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個(gè)）
To generate displays with higher and higher resolution, LED pixels have been getting smaller and smaller.
顯示器分辨率越來(lái)越高，LED像素點(diǎn)越小越好。

Insufficient pixel density can result in unwanted optical illusions, such as perceived stripes in the image.
如果像素密度不足，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致不必要的視覺(jué)錯(cuò)覺(jué)，如圖像中出現(xiàn)可見(jiàn)條紋。

Misalignment leads to rejection. And the smaller the LED, the greater the chance of misalignment.
錯(cuò)位會(huì)導(dǎo)致排斥反應(yīng)。且LED越小，錯(cuò)位的概率越大。

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