https://www.reddit.com/r/psychoanalysis/comments/re266y/how_do_you_understand_the_sinthome/

侵刪

原文: The Sinthome, from what I understand is the shift in the drive-powered identification identification of Object a, instead of the Desire-filled identification with the Ego-Ideal. You stop trying to "Be" and just kind of "Do." Because desires and ego identifications are based on a Lack, you're always hestitating to do or embrace what you really want because Desire is Desire for the Other, and since you're caught in the Big Other's net all you know is what others have allowed you to know. You may have an enjoyment of your own that the Other doesn't know, but because you're captured in language by the Other, you're not "Allowed" to enjoy it vis a vis drive so that drive becomes a desire of jouissance (Pleasure onto death, pleasure with a pentalty of pain). This is percieved by the subject as a Symptom- suffering prettymuch.

Sinthome is when you're able to let go of the Other, short-circuit their intervention as it were, and finally enjoy/identify with your Symptom. You're happy to live with it rather than exist in neurotic struggle with the Other that would deny your way of being or a private fulfilled existence. The thing that makes you estranged, rejected born broken now is the key to your existence, the thing that makes you whole. It's kinda "Reclaiming your scars" in a way. The golden swan and all that. You self-make yourself as what you actually are instead of suffering or trying to repress it.

The example Slavoj Zizek uses one time is Arthur Fleck's laugh in the Joker. People in the film reject him because of how he seems maladjusted and misplaced, and his laugh seems to serve no place in the symbolic order due to it being a medical condition. By the end of the film he embraces what others have catagorized him as and the horrific senseless laugh that blighted him before now exists as his signature trait, something he proudly possesses rather than disowns. Laughing randomly, and being the butt of the Joke goes from a senseless symptom to his own Sintome.

A sinthome in my opinion can be anything- Biking, porn, science, film, bird-watching, spirituality, martial arts, surfing, writing, tattoos, a particular hobby, choice or lifestyle. Someone building model-ships in a jar or solving crossword puzzles, or building sandcastles only for them to blow away in the tides everysingle noon has found peace with their Sinthome. The important thing to grasp is it's an activity driven by Drive (self-directed) rather than Desire (for the Other) - you do it because you enjoy it and nothing else. It confers no status, signifiers, or reward, or negative status even but you do it still because you enjoy it, and it makes you completely 'you'. It's meaningless, egoless, but gives you enough personal satsfication to continue doing it outside any symbolic mandates. In buddhism there's a sort of correlated understanding of this saintly concept.

渣翻：圣狀，在我看來是從充滿欲望的對(duì)自我理想的認(rèn)同轉(zhuǎn)移到由驅(qū)力驅(qū)動(dòng)的對(duì)對(duì)象a的認(rèn)同。你不再試圖“成為”什么，而僅僅是去“做”你想做的事。由于欲望與自我認(rèn)同是建基于匱乏之上的，你總是會(huì)猶豫著，不敢去做或接受你真正想要的事物，因?yàn)橛谴笏叩挠矣捎谀惚徊东@在大他者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，你所知道的都是他者讓你知道的。你也許有著一種不為大他者所知的執(zhí)爽，但由于你被大他者捕獲在語言中，你“不被允許”直面驅(qū)力而享樂，因此那驅(qū)力變成了執(zhí)爽的欲望（死亡之樂，痛中帶樂）。這便會(huì)被主體視為一種癥狀，可以說就是受苦。

圣狀即是你放手大他者，或者說讓它們的干預(yù)發(fā)生短路，并終于得以享受/認(rèn)同你的癥狀。你能快樂地與它共處，而不是深陷于與那否定你成為圓滿存在的方式的大他者的神經(jīng)癥式斗爭(zhēng)之中。那曾經(jīng)讓你無所適從、被人排斥、生而痛苦的東西如今是你存在的核心，讓你得以完整。這有點(diǎn)類似于“找回你的傷疤”，金天鵝之類的（譯注：金天鵝不知道是什么東西）。你把自己塑造成真正的自己，而不是壓抑你的真實(shí)存在并因此而受苦。

斯拉維·紀(jì)杰克曾以電影里“小丑”的笑容為例。在電影里人們因他與世界格格不入、無所適從而排斥他，他那畸形的笑容更是在符號(hào)秩序里沒有容身之地。然而在影片末尾，他接受了他人對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)，接受了那曾折磨他的可怖而無意義的笑聲；如今它是小丑的招牌特質(zhì)，讓他感到驕傲而非恥辱。隨意放聲大笑，成為他人的笑柄就這樣從無意義的癥狀成為了他的圣狀。

圣狀，在我看來，可以是很多東西——騎行、澀情、科學(xué)、電影、觀鳥、靈性、武術(shù)、沖浪、寫作、紋身，一種特定的愛好，選擇或生活方式。那些喜歡在玻璃瓶里做船模的，做字謎的，或是每天中午在沙灘上堆沙堡的人可以說是找到了他們的圣狀。重點(diǎn)在于它是某種被自我導(dǎo)向的驅(qū)力而非為大他者服務(wù)的欲望所驅(qū)動(dòng)的活動(dòng)——你之所以這么做是因?yàn)槟阆硎苓@么做，而不是因?yàn)閯e的什么。它不會(huì)賦予你任何地位、能指、或是獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，它甚至可能會(huì)帶給你負(fù)面的狀況，但你還是那么做了，因?yàn)槟阆硎苓@么做，這么做讓你得以成為“你”。它毫無意義，無關(guān)自我，但能給你足夠的個(gè)人滿足感來讓你在任何象征性委任外繼續(xù)這么做。在佛教中也有與這一圣徒般的概念有關(guān)的理解。