Hello，這里是SDC的海角。近期將戰(zhàn)雷中的反坦克導(dǎo)彈的一些基本概念原理做了翻譯整合。

Here?we go!

按制導(dǎo)模式劃分：

第一代：人工指令瞄準(zhǔn)線（Manual command to line of sight）（即MCLOS）

工作原理：在瞄準(zhǔn)線指令制導(dǎo)體制下，發(fā)射瞄準(zhǔn)手必須同時(shí)跟蹤導(dǎo)彈與目標(biāo)，通過類似于潛望鏡的望遠(yuǎn)鏡目視觀察，用類似游戲手柄的裝置操控導(dǎo)彈。導(dǎo)彈尾部裝有發(fā)焰器，發(fā)射后自動(dòng)點(diǎn)燃以示蹤高速飛行的導(dǎo)彈，類似于曳光彈。（摘自搜狗百科）

游戲玩法：

First-Generation: Also known as MCLOS, this missile requires manual input from the controller to control it. Use the default movement keys WASD to move the missile. A to steer left, D to steer right, W to steer down and S to steer up. Note that while you are controlling the missile, you will not be able to move from your firing position so make sure you are in a safe place.

這種導(dǎo)彈需要控制器手動(dòng)輸入來控制它。使用默認(rèn)的移動(dòng)鍵WASD來控制導(dǎo)彈。A向左轉(zhuǎn)，D向右轉(zhuǎn)，W向下轉(zhuǎn)，S向上轉(zhuǎn)。請(qǐng)注意，當(dāng)你控制導(dǎo)彈時(shí)，你將無法從你的射擊位置移動(dòng)，所以要確保你在一個(gè)安全的地方。（翻譯自戰(zhàn)雷維基）

代表型號(hào)：SS.11，9M14“嬰兒”。

第二代：半自動(dòng)指令瞄準(zhǔn)線（Semi-automatic command to line of sight）（即SACLOS）

工作原理：操縱手在導(dǎo)彈飛行中必須把瞄準(zhǔn)器（sighting device）對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)；瞄準(zhǔn)器的電子設(shè)備自動(dòng)把導(dǎo)彈制導(dǎo)向目標(biāo)。 瞄準(zhǔn)具到飛行中的導(dǎo)彈通常采用線導(dǎo)、無線電制導(dǎo)、駕束制導(dǎo)。（摘自搜狗百科）

游戲玩法：

Also known as SACLOS, this is a lot simpler than MCLOS. The missile is automatically guided by your crosshair sights and will adjust accordingly if you move your aiming reticle, so your vehicle is no longer forced to stand in place after firing the missile. So hold your crosshair onto your target as the missile flies into the air to score a hit. Alternatively, you can override the automatic system by aiming at something the missile has already passed to control the missile manually with your crosshair movement. This allows the vehicle to aim the missile at targets it cannot see.

它比MCLOS簡(jiǎn)單多了。導(dǎo)彈由你的十字準(zhǔn)星自動(dòng)引導(dǎo)，如果你移動(dòng)瞄準(zhǔn)線，導(dǎo)彈也將相應(yīng)地調(diào)整飛行姿態(tài)。你可以在行進(jìn)中發(fā)射引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈。所以在發(fā)射導(dǎo)彈后，請(qǐng)將十字準(zhǔn)星對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)以確保命中。當(dāng)然你也可以通過將準(zhǔn)心對(duì)準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)彈已經(jīng)掠過的東西來“隔山打?！薄＿@樣就可以打擊導(dǎo)彈無法直擊的目標(biāo)。（翻譯自戰(zhàn)雷維基）

代表型號(hào)：9M113“競(jìng)賽”，“旋火”，9M127“渦流”，9M120“攻擊”，“米蘭”，BGM-71“陶”。

第三代：發(fā)射后不管（fire-and-forget）

工作原理：

Using a laser or an IR sight to find a target in any environment, the missile uses a "fire-and-forget" system that allows for the operator to move from his position right after the missile is fired.[1] This missile gives the operator a greater degree of safety than the others and can be found in most modern missile launchers, such as the FGM-148 Javelin in U.S. inventory.

在作戰(zhàn)環(huán)境中使用一個(gè)激光或紅外瞄準(zhǔn)器發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)，導(dǎo)彈所使用的一種“發(fā)射-遺忘”系統(tǒng)允許射手在導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射后立即從發(fā)射位撤離。這種導(dǎo)彈相比其他導(dǎo)彈可以給導(dǎo)彈射手以更大程度上的安全保障，并且其列裝于大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射裝置，例如美國庫存中的FGM-148“標(biāo)槍”。（翻譯自戰(zhàn)雷維基）

游戲玩法：鎖上拍完空格就跑。

代表型號(hào)：PARS 3 LR“長(zhǎng)程”

根據(jù)發(fā)射方法的不同劃分：

直接攻擊發(fā)射器:

Direct attack launchers: These ATGM are standard and are fired straight out the launch tubes. These can be seen as supplementary weapons (such as on the Warrior) or as dedicated ATGM-launching vehicles (such as the RakJPz 2). Missile characteristics are quite diverse in this attack method, but usually possess very high launch speed, penetration values and/or post-penetration damage, though how much better would depend in the launcher vehicle's position in the matchmaking. However, the dedicated ATGM vehicles tend to have higher range and speed than the rest of its contemporaries. Some dedicated launchers even have design perks in term of optic and missile placement being higher than the hull body to make the most of a hull-down position.

這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的反坦克導(dǎo)彈使用方法是直接從導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射管發(fā)射。它們可以被視為輔助武器(如“武士”)或?qū)ｉT裝備于反坦克導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射車輛(如RakJPz 2)。使用這種攻擊方式的導(dǎo)彈的特性豐富多樣，但它們通常具有很高發(fā)射速度、穿深和后效。不過好到什么程度取決于發(fā)射車輛在配套系統(tǒng)中的重要程度。比如，ATGM專用車型的導(dǎo)彈往往比其他同類車型具有更遠(yuǎn)的射程和更快速度。一些導(dǎo)彈運(yùn)載車甚至在光學(xué)和導(dǎo)彈放置位置上有額外的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，它們比車體更高，以此可以將車體藏在掩體里。

向上攻擊發(fā)射器:

Upward attack launchers: Prior to the development of 3rd-generation missiles, one characteristic burdened on the ATGM users is that to guide the missile, the user must remain exposed to maintain visual target to guide the missile onto target. This leaves the user very vulnerable and open to fire. One solution to this problem was a change in firing method. Instead of firing in a straight trajectory, the missile would have an upward launch motion to clear any obstructions in front, like cover for the vehicle. This can be seen in vehicles like the Strv 81 (Rb.52) and Striker designs, with the missiles aligned upwards to clear any cover protecting the vehicle. These missiles over distance eventually level out back into a straight trajectory, however if the target is close enough before this happens, one may exploit the flight pattern to perform a top-down attack onto the enemy's weaker roof armour and hit the enemy while they're behind cover. Higher generation missiles of this kind are more manoeuvrable, can speed up to acceptable level over time, and use tandem-charge to negate ERA effects.

在第三代導(dǎo)彈問世前，反坦克導(dǎo)彈射手的一個(gè)特色便是引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈，射手必須暴露自己以持續(xù)照射目標(biāo)直到導(dǎo)彈命中。這點(diǎn)讓射手非常容易受到攻擊。解決這個(gè)問題的一個(gè)方法是改變導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射方法。導(dǎo)彈不是沿著直線發(fā)射，而是向上發(fā)射，以越過前方的障礙物，比如車輛的掩體。Strv 81 (Rb.52)和“打擊者”的設(shè)計(jì)便采用了這種方法，導(dǎo)彈向上發(fā)射以越過保護(hù)車輛的掩體。這些導(dǎo)彈在飛行一段距離后最終會(huì)變回一個(gè)直線軌道。然而，如果目標(biāo)距離比較近，近到導(dǎo)彈來不及變回直線軌道，則可以利用這一飛行模式來越過敵人的掩體，“攻頂”以打擊敵人較為薄弱的車頂裝甲。這種類型的新一代導(dǎo)彈機(jī)動(dòng)性更好，隨著時(shí)間的推移可以加速到還行的水平，并且使用串聯(lián)裝藥來抵消爆炸反應(yīng)裝甲的效應(yīng)。

炮射導(dǎo)彈:

The problem with missiles on vehicles is the inherent specialization the vehicle is required to have to make use of the weapon. As time went, technology became more and more fledged out, and so attempts on merging ATGM and tanks to produce the best of the two types of vehicle as a hybrid. One of the earlier tank hybrids was M551. The idea was to launch ATGM right out of cannon barrel, and then guide it with gunner's optics. As a more modern pieces of technology, these ATGMs are generally the fastest out there and can be launched on move at any speed, and with that they are able to compete with dedicated ATGM launchers, but force longer reload time. In the game, this kind of technology is mostly used by BR 9.0 and higher US and USSR tanks, mainly against hostile close air support and far away targets, attacking which with APFSDS would take too much time. For example: tanks like XM-803 and T-80B can use them to fight against helicopters and lighter vehicles from afar.

車載導(dǎo)彈的問題是固有的專業(yè)化車輛只能使用這一種武器。隨著時(shí)間的推移，技術(shù)變得越來越成熟，因此開始嘗試將坦克和反坦克導(dǎo)彈結(jié)合起來，以生產(chǎn)這兩項(xiàng)技術(shù)結(jié)合后的最優(yōu)秀的混合體。早期的混合坦克之一是M551。這個(gè)方法是直接從炮管發(fā)射反坦克導(dǎo)彈，然后通過炮手的光學(xué)瞄準(zhǔn)鏡來引導(dǎo)它。作為一種更現(xiàn)代的技術(shù)，這些反坦克導(dǎo)彈的速度通常是最快的，可以在移動(dòng)中以任何速度發(fā)射，因此它們能夠與專用的反坦克導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射裝置相媲美，但它們需要更長(zhǎng)的裝填時(shí)間。在游戲中，這種技術(shù)主要被應(yīng)用在權(quán)重在9.0及以上的美蘇坦克上，主要用于對(duì)抗敵方的近距離空中支援和遠(yuǎn)距離目標(biāo)，用APFSDS攻擊這些目標(biāo)會(huì)花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間。例如:像XM-803和T-80B這樣的坦克可以使用它們從遠(yuǎn)處對(duì)抗直升機(jī)和輕型車輛。

本期完，祝大家萬事順意！