圖書試譯：《山河之書》

我的文化山河

Life Through Cultural Paths

我在山河間找路，用短暫的生命貼一貼這顆星球的嶙峋一角。

I?have been searching for the paths in mountains and rivers so that I will go through one of the?rugged?corners of the planet in my short life.

一

Chapter 1

一個人，遲早會經(jīng)歷一次極大的恐懼。

You will be stunned sooner or later in your life.

不是生老病死，不是瘟疫猖獗，不是盜匪來襲，而是在一個陽光明媚的下午，一位美麗的女教師在教室里講“常識”課。她說：“宇宙沒有邊際，地球微不足道，即便是它圍著轉(zhuǎn)的太陽，也只是銀河系中很多恒星中小小的一顆?！?/span>

It is not related to birth or death, pestilence or brigandage. It?might come when a beautiful female teacher was imparting general knowledge to children on a sunny afternoon. “The earth looks tiny in the vast universe and even the sun around?which the earth rotates is just one of the small fixed stars in the Galaxy,” she said.

“銀河系里，大約有多少顆恒星？”一個同學怯生生地問。

“How many fixed stars are there in the Galaxy?approximately?” one of the kids asked timidly.

“三千億顆?！芭處熎届o地回答，卻把“億“讀成重音。

“300 billion,”?she replied calmly and stressed the word “billion”.

課堂里“哺”的一聲。

“Wow!”?the whole class exclaimed.

“銀河系這么大，宇宙里還有別的星系嗎？”同學又問。

“The Milky Way?is huge?but is there any other galaxy in the universe?”?another kid asked.

“太多太多星系了?！闭f。

“Countless.”?

“大概多少？”學生追問。

“How many?”

“也以千億計，至少?！迸處熁卮稹?/span>

“At least 100?billion.”

這么幾句問答，使同學們再也不好意思問地球的事。

Those questions and answers made the children stop inquiring?about the earth.

過了幾天，大家從一位男教師那兒得知，微不足道的地球，倒也已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了四十多億年，而人類的出現(xiàn)才三百多萬年，不到千分之一，相當于一天二十四小時的最后一分鐘。

After several days a male teacher told the children that the small earth had been existing for more than 4?billion years?meanwhile?the human beings for more than 3 million years, less than one in a thousand. The sharp contrast?was just?like the last minute in the 24 hours?of a day.

“請記住”，男教師趕緊補充說，“這最后一分鐘，是在比喻三百萬年。如果要說人類開始創(chuàng)造文明，至多是近一萬年里邊的事兒，太短促了，匆匆一瞬之間，任何比喻都使不上?！?/span>

“Please remember the last minute is a metaphor for the 3?million?years. Human civilization was created nearly 10,000?years?ago, and there is no figure of speech?for such fleetingness,”?he added.

——這番師生問答，產(chǎn)生在孩子們正在形成世界觀、人生觀的時候，實在有一種震天動地的恐懼。

Those words indeed surprised the kids whose views?of the world and life were?budding.

但是，孩子畢竟是孩子，很容易轉(zhuǎn)移情緒。身邊的快樂、爭吵、比賽，立即替代了三千億、四十億這些數(shù)字。在他們心中，大大的真相變成了故事，小小的游戲變成了真實。

But the children would soon have those figures replaced by their joy, quarrels, and sports, and they would take the truth about the universe and civilization?as stories and games as the real life.

只有一個孩子沒有完全轉(zhuǎn)移，那就是我。我不斷地研習這些令人恐懼的話題，而且越來越明白，當年老師所說范圍還是太小、太淺。也許是老師怕傷害了幼小的心靈，他們沒有進一步說明，在宇宙間無數(shù)星系的不息運動中，沒有一種力量可以保證地球不消失，也沒有一種智慧可以判斷消失的時間是很遠，還是很近。

But one of the kids was still thinking about the truth and that was me. Since then I had been probing into those stunning subjects and it dawned on me that the knowledge?given by teachers was very limited. Perhaps they did not want to puzzle the kids so that they made no further explanation?that the ceaseless motions of innumerable?galaxies?would neither provide a kind of power to make the earth exist forever nor wisdom to clearly judge when it would vanish.

即使地球暫時不消失，人類也可以輕易隕滅。非洲加蓬發(fā)現(xiàn)了二十億年前的疑似核反應堆，估計運轉(zhuǎn)了五十萬年；土耳其的一幅古代地圖，似乎只能繪制于宇航之后。越來越多的遺跡讓人漸漸相信，在人類產(chǎn)生之前很久，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過不少“史前超文明”，又都一批批隕滅了。那么，怎么證明，現(xiàn)在的人類能夠破例長存？

Human beings may perish?even though the earth is still running. A?suspected nuclear reactor?2?billion?years ago has been discovered in Gabon, and it is estimated that it had been working for 500,000 years. An ancient map in Turkey?seems to be drawn in the current space age. More and more relics tend to make people believe that prehistoric super civilization?had mushroomed?but become extinct?long before the human beings came into the world. So, how can it be proved that the mankind?nowadays will exist forever as an exception?

這一切，構(gòu)成了我世界觀的基礎：一種徹底看破了周遭功利的宏偉悲觀。但是，這種悲觀中的“悲”也被看破了，因為悲喜本是人類的作態(tài)。

These things are the basics of my world outlook?which is the significant pessimism?beyond all the material interests. But I have been more than a futilitarian?because human life can’t live without happiness or sadness.

?

二

Chapter 2

當然，在看破一切之后也看破了自己：區(qū)區(qū)凡胎肉身，無法逃離脆弱生存，唯一能做的事情是打量同類，再打量自己。

I?have seen through everything including myself?that a mortal will die someday and all he can do is examine his peers and himself.

我的朋友周濤寫過這樣一個場面：兩只螞蟻在大地上相遇了，由于矜持互相沒理。爬過很久都后悔了，畢竟是同類啊，怎么沒有擁抱一下？

One of my friends?Zhou Tao wrote a?short story: two ants met on the ground but they were too reserved to greet each other. After they crawled over a long distance, they regretted that they should have had an embrace?because they belonged to the same group.

我們就是這樣的螞蟻。

We are like the ants.

我們再渺小，也算擁有了生命。生命，有它的本性。

We are small beings but we have life which has its nature.

本性之一是聚集，本性之二是延續(xù)。對于智能高于螞蟻的人類而言，就會因為聚集和延續(xù)，呼應前后左右，既自我安慰，又互相安慰。

The nature has gathering?and continuation, both of which will enable human beings?much smarter than ants?to comfort themselves and bring solace to each other.

人類的自我安慰和互相安慰，主要辦法是尋找“意義”。生存的意義，生命的意義，聚集的意義，延續(xù)的意義……這在早期比較容易，只要有聰明人站出來一說“意義”，大家就相信；一到現(xiàn)代就難了，既然大家從小已經(jīng)知道了銀河系和地球的一點點真相，那就很難再從根本上信任各種“意義”。所以，現(xiàn)代智者特別苦惱，他們必須把知道了的一切當做不知道。用我的話來說，叫做“通過切斷思維來捕獲意義”。這種情景，就像哈維爾（V.Havel）所說的那樣，在汪洋大海中尋找一個“意義的島嶼”。

Through comfort and solace mankind can seek for the purpose of existence, life, gathering, continuation, etc. It was a piece of cake?at the early stage that the mention of meaning by a clever man would make the others believe. But it will be very difficult in modern?times because we have had some understanding of?the?truth about the earth and the Milky Way?since childhood and we can hardly trust?any kind of significance. As a result, the contemporary?intellectuals are so distressed?that they have to pretend to be ignorant of everything they have known. In my opinion, it is to have?connotations through disconnecting?of thoughts, which resembles V.?Havel’s viewpoint: seek for an island of significance in the vast ocean.

圖書試譯：《中國文脈》

中國文脈

The Cultural Landscape of China

在目前必然寂寞的文化良知領域、應該重啟文脈之思......

Cultural thinking should be reemphasized in the era devoid of?thought and intellect.

中國文脈，是指中國文學幾千年發(fā)展中最高等級的生命潛流和審美潛流。

The cultural landscape of China is the symbol of the?deepest trend of thoughts on life and aesthetics?concerning Chinese literature through thousands of years of development.

這種潛流，在近處很難發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有從遠處看去，才能領略大概，就像那一條倔犟的山脊所連成的天際線。

The trend is indiscernible?microscopically?but can be roughly comprehensible?macroscopically?just like the skyline?of rugged ridges.

正是這條天際線，使我們知道那個天地之大，以及那個天地之限，并領略了一種注定要長久包圍我們生命的文化儀式。

The skyline?will enable?us to realize the size and boundary of the cultural world as well as the cultural rituals destined to perpetually encompass?our life.

因為太重要，又處于隱潛狀態(tài)，就特別容易產(chǎn)生誤會。因此，我們必須開宗明義，指出那些最常見的理論岔道，不讓它們來干擾文脈的潛流——

The importance and latency?of the trend, however, may bring about?misunderstandings. Therefore, we must make clear and point out the?most common?wrong ways theoretically?to avoid disturbing the inconspicuously cultural trend. That is to say:

一、這股潛流，在絕大多數(shù)情況下，不是官方主流；

Firstly, the trend is often unofficial;

二、這股潛流，在絕大多數(shù)情況下，不是民間主流；

Secondly, it is often non-folk;

三、這股潛流，屬于文學，并不從屬于哲學學派；

Thirdly, it belongs to literature but is not subject to?any school of philosophy;

四、這股潛流，雖然重要，但體量不大。

Fourthly, it is significant but not that large;

五、這股潛流，并不一以貫之，而是時斷時續(xù)，斷多續(xù)少；

Fifthly, it may not be consistent but is discontinuous with more disconnection?and less connection;

六、這股潛流，對周圍的其他文學現(xiàn)象有吸附力，更有排斥力。

Sixthly, it can attract other literary phenomena?but is much more opposed to them.

尋得這股潛流，是做減法的結(jié)果。我一向主張，研究文化和文學，先做加法，后做減法。減法更為重要，也更為艱難。

To obtain the trend is to be less. I?have?always been of the opinion that?more should come before less for the study of culture and literature. But less will have further?significance and difficulty.

減而見筋，減而顯神，減而得脈。

Less will bring the essence, the spirit and the trend.

減法難做，首先是因為人們千百年來一直處于文化匱乏狀態(tài)，見字而敬，見文而信，見書而畏，不存在敢千大膽取舍的心理高度：其次，即使有了心理高度。也缺少品鑒高度，與多數(shù)轟傳一時的文化現(xiàn)象相比。“得脈”者沒有那么多知音。

It is hard to be less because human beings have always been in cultural deficiency through thousands of years that they have held letters and books in awe and veneration?but lacked a brave?trade-off. Moreover, good taste will be needed even though the?trade-off?may be available. The one who can truly understand the?cultural landscape is scarcely?echoed compared with sensationally?cultural phenomena.

大膽取舍，需要銳利斧鉞。但是，手握這種斧鉞的人，總是在開山辟路。那此只會坐在涼棚下說一道四、指手畫腳的人，大多不懂斧鉞。開山辟路的人沒有時間參與評論，由此造成了等級的倒錯、文脈的失落。

The courageous choice needs the determination as sharp as a battle-axe. The relentless?tend to blaze a trail?meanwhile the ignorant?either gossip or lecture. The pioneers are too preoccupied to argue, which may lead to the reversal?of grade?together with cultural fading.

等級，是文脈的生命。

The good grade should be the quintessence of?cultural landscape.

圖書試譯：《揚州傳》

第一章 ?家國行囊背影（或：走向世界的揚州人）

Chapter 1 The Long Trip Without Return?(or The Female?Envoy)

一 ?西漢江都公主劉細君

Part 1 Princess Jiangdu

中國古代的和親故事，一直是戲劇舞臺上常演不衰的題材。漢代的王昭君，唐代的文成公主，都曾用她們單薄的身體承擔起國家社稷的重任，從而成為中國百姓十分熟悉的舞臺形象。但早在文成公主遠嫁吐蕃、王昭君遠嫁匈奴之前，就有一個揚州女子遠嫁到西域烏孫國。她就是漢武帝時江都王劉建的女兒劉細君，史稱江都公主，或烏孫公主。

The peaceful coexistence between two countries through marriage in ancient China are often dramatized. Wang Zhaojun in Han Dynasty and Princess Wencheng in Tang Dynasty, both of which shouldered national responsibilities through their marriage with foreign leaders, are the household names in Chinese theatrical?art. A young woman from Yangzhou city had become the queen of Usun Kingdom before the Princess Wencheng and Wang Zhaojun married the rulers of Tubo Kingdom and the Huns respectively. She was Liu Xijun, the daughter of Liu Jian, Lord Jiangdu during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and she was historically named as Princess Jiangdu or Princess Usun.

漢朝建立后，北方的匈奴總是不斷南侵，成為中原的心腹之患。漢朝對于匈奴的侵犯，采取了兩種策略，一是武裝打擊，一是聯(lián)姻和親，一文一武，交替為用。和親之法，在漢髙祖劉邦時就已運用，到元帝時以昭君嫁匈奴呼韓邪單于，其間漢家女子出塞和親將近十次。大多數(shù)漢女都出嫁匈奴，惟有劉細君出嫁烏孫。

The Huns in the north had frequently invaded the Central Plains since the Han Dynasty was established. The Han leaders responded to the invasion by means of two strategies: counterattacks and marriage.?The latter one had been adopted since the reign of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty. Wang Zhaojun married Huhanye, the leader of the Huns, during the reign of Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty. In that period of time nearly ten girls had facilitated national stability through marriage in the Han Dynasty, most of them became the wives of leaders of the Huns but only Liu Xijun the wife of the ruler of Usun Kingdom.

建元元年（前140），漢武帝劉徹登基，他反對和親匈奴之策，決心用武力北征。當時西陲有幾十個大小王國，大多受匈奴控制，只有烏孫敢與匈奴抗衡。武帝接受出使西域的大臣張騫的建議，決定聯(lián)絡烏孫，結(jié)為同盟，共同對付匈奴。

Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, opposed to the policy of harmonizing with the Huns through marriage and decided to fight back by force in the first year of his reign with the title Jianyuan in 140 BC. Most of the?kingdoms large and small in the west frontiers were controlled by the Huns while?Usun was the only one challenger. The Emperor Wu accepted the advice of Zhang Qian, a special envoy to the Western Regions, and would unite with the Usun forces against the Huns.

張騫奉命到烏孫國后，受到隆重的禮遇。他向烏孫國的昆莫（國王）表示，漢家天子準備同烏孫結(jié)盟和親，共御匈奴。昆莫聽說后，即與大臣商議，決定先派使者帶幾十匹良馬作為禮物，隨張騫同至長安，答謝漢皇，再議結(jié)盟之事。

Zhang Qian was received with solemn ceremonies after he reached the territory of Usun as ordered. He told Kunmo, the ruler of Usun Kingdom, that Emperor Wu would seek alliance with him through marriage against the Huns. Kunmo discussed this with his ministers and he would send envoys together with dozens of good horses as presents to go with Zhang Qian to the capital Chang’an, and would further negotiate the matter after the gratitude was expressed to Emperor Wu.

劉細君生于江都（今揚州），自幼聰明伶俐，知書識禮，能歌擅文。其父江都王劉建因故自殺，細君便作為罪臣親屬囚禁于長安。論輩份，劉細君系武帝劉徹的侄孫女。雖然她的父親是罪人，但公主沒有罪，由她去聯(lián)姻，武帝覺得甚為放心。

Liu Xijun, born in Jiangdu (current Yangzhou), was a brilliant, knowledgeable, and artistic girl. Her father, Liu Jian, Lord Jiangdu, committed suicide for some reason and she had to be held in captivity as?one of?the relatives of the offender in Chang’an. Emperor Wu thought she, who was his?grandniece and was innocent although her father was guilty, would be the suitable wife for the leader of Usun forces.

自然，無人能夠理會劉細君本人在得知遠嫁烏孫時那一瞬間的心情。她雖是公主，不過是失卻怙恃的孤女，長安宮中的錦衣玉食怎能填實她那凄清空寂的情懷？此一去西天荒漠，不要說永遠見不著江都城下的廣陵大潮，連長安城內(nèi)的漢人衣冠也從此訣別了！

Nobody could guess how she felt?when she knew she would have to marry a foreign husband so far away. She was a princess in name only and she was a lonely daughter whose parents had died and whose forlornness could not be eased by the luxury life in the?imperial?palace, and she would have to say goodbye to everything in her motherland?after she went to a?totally strange place.

送嫁那一天，無數(shù)的漢朝使臣、樂工、雜役與侍女，帶著大量的金銀珠寶、綾羅綢緞等陪嫁妝奩，簇擁著劉細君出京西去。蔽日的旌旗，喧天的鼓樂，把送行的場面妝點得十分壯觀。

Countless envoys, musicians, laborers, and maids carrying?jewels, silks and other dowries would follow Liu Xijun throughout the long journey. The grand flags and loud drumbeats left an impressive scene on the day of departure.

不知走了多少路，過了多少河，翻了多少山，終于聽見遠方傳來的胡樂。昆莫為了迎接漢家公主，在國都赤谷城內(nèi)外布置了夾道歡迎的人群。胡歌、胡舞、胡樂和胡語，都在向漢家公主表示竭誠的歡迎。這一切是那么陌生，又那么善意；是那么奇異，又那么真誠。劉細君終于不能不接受眼前這一切，成了烏孫國王的右夫人。

The local music in the Western Regions finally came to the ears after months of trekking. Kunmo had?citizens welcome the princess of Han Dynasty in and out of the capital Red Millet. She was warmly received with local songs, dances, music, and language. Everything she saw was alien?but kind, bizarre but sincere, which made her determined to be the queen of Kunmo.

剛到烏孫的日子，劉細君很不適應。烏孫作為西域游牧民族建立的國家，風俗與匈奴一樣，吃的、穿的、住的、用的都與漢人迥然不同。在江都和長安長大的劉細君，一下子怎么能適應吃羊肉、住帳篷的異域生活？生活上的不適應，還可以隨著時日的推移逐漸消除，心理上的不適應卻幾乎與日俱增。夢里依稀見到的是江都綺麗的南方景色，是長安繁華的都市風光，那里生活著自己的親戚和朋友，埋葬著自己富貴的身世和短暫的青春。如今命運把自己從人煙稠密的中原一下子拋到“天蒼蒼，野茫茫，風吹草低見牛羊”的邊陲，滿耳只聞異族言語，滿眼都是異國風光。這一切怎能不教一個年輕的漢家女子頓生悲切之情？

It was very difficult for her to adapt herself to the new place at the beginning. Usun, a country of nomadic people, shared the same folk custom with that of the Huns but was totally different from that of the Han people. It would take a long time for her, who grew up in another world, to adjust to the local life such as eating mutton and living in yurts. She felt like a fish out of water although she could gradually have a local lifestyle as time went by. In her dreams she often saw the wonderful scenery in her hometown and Chang’an where her friends and relatives lived and where her noble birth and transient youth were buried. The call of destiny took her from the Central Plains to the distant west frontier where flocks and herds were wandering on pastures and where was abundant with exoticism. But sorrow grew in her heart.

惟一的精神安慰，是離開長安前武帝對她的叮囑。武帝對她說，她的使命關系著大漢邊疆的安寧，一定要同烏孫國人相親相愛，才不負朝廷的厚望、中原的安寧和國家的和平。既然一個弱女子能夠負起如此重大的使命，還有什么可說的呢？劉細君只能堅強起來，只能感到榮幸。

The only solace came from the words told to her by Emperor Wu before she left Chang’an. He said she would carry out a mission of great importance to bring security to border areas of her homeland, and she would love and cherish the Usun people so that she could live up to his?expectations and create national peace. She was resolved and felt honored to accomplish the undertaking.

好在國王昆莫對劉細君很好。昆莫已經(jīng)老了，年齡差不多可以做細君的祖父。他確實是一位勤于政事、明達世理的長者。他與漢朝聯(lián)姻，是為了他的國家著想，而不是貪戀異族的女色。劉細君陪伴著令人尊敬的老國王，心稍稍安了下來。

Kunmo treated her quite well. The elderly king could be her grandfather but he was indeed a wise man dedicated to state affairs. He sought alliance with the Han Dynasty through marriage for the sake of his country rather than for a pretty young woman from another race. Meanwhile she could feel eased during her days of accompanying the venerable king.

不久，又有新的問題來了。原來，老國王日漸年邁，按照烏孫的風俗，年輕的王后必須嫁給王室子孫為妻。這種風俗在中原被視為亂倫，但在烏孫卻是合情合理的。

A new problem, however, emerged. The young queen must marry one of the royal offspring when the king was in his declining years according to the local custom in Usun. Such a practice would be regarded as incest in the girl’s hometown but it was acceptable in Usun.

劉細君終于嫁給了軍須靡。軍須靡的年齡與劉細君相仿，從世俗的眼光看，他們成為夫婦也許比劉細君做老昆莫的夫人更為般配。老昆莫親自主持了他們的婚禮，這是這位老國王在自己的政治生涯中所做的最重要的一件事，也是他在自己生命結(jié)束之前所做的最后一件事。

She?married Junxumi who was about the same age as her and was regarded as a much more suitable husband for her. The elderly Kunmo officiated at their wedding, which was the most important thing that he had ever done in his political career and was also the last thing before his life ended.

不久，老國王病故，軍須靡接位成了新的昆莫。劉細君和新昆莫的感情不錯，他們生了一個女兒，取名少夫，劉細君在西域終于享受到了天倫之樂。

Junxumo became the new king soon after his predecessor passed away. The couple enjoyed their sweet love and had a daughter Shaofu. The Princess Jiangdu could have a happy family life in the remote world.

劉細君長眠在塞外的大草原上。每當朔風掠過荒原，發(fā)出潮水似的呼嘯，她的芳魂會憶起遙遠的廣陵濤聲。只有這時候，她的“愿為黃鵠兮歸故鄉(xiāng)”的夢想，才得以實現(xiàn)。

Her body was buried in the vast grassland and the northern gales howling like tidewater would make her soul recall the sea waves in her hometown and seem to take?it there, just like a line of verse said, “I wish I could go home like a bird.”

圖書試譯：《中國經(jīng)濟學四十年》

第一章 貿(mào)易和開放

Chapter 1 Trade and Opening-up

余淼杰 張 睿

By Yu Miaojie and Zhang Rui

理解中國經(jīng)濟增長奇跡的一大關鍵，在于充分認識開放國際貿(mào)易在這一過程中起到的作用。本文梳理了我國學者在我國國際貿(mào)易相關問題上的重要研究成果，圍繞比較優(yōu)勢、貿(mào)易自由化、匯率波動和融資約束作為主線，系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了我國學者在相關主題上的研究貢獻。

The opening?of?international trade in the economic growth of China plays a key role in the good understanding of its miracle. The major research findings of the international trade issues made by the Chinese scholars are shown in this book which focuses on comparison of advantages, liberalization of trade, exchange fluctuations, and financing constraints meanwhile summarizes the Chinese researchers’ contributions on relevant subjects.

一、引言

I. Introduction

改革開放 40 年以來，我國的經(jīng)濟總量持續(xù)快速增長，人均收入持續(xù)快速提高。如此大的經(jīng)濟體量能實現(xiàn)如此長時間的持續(xù)發(fā)展，是舉世所罕見的。而這一人類歷史上經(jīng)濟增長奇跡的一大明顯特點，便是我國深入而廣泛地參與到全球國際貿(mào)易體系中來。由圖 1 可見，自改革開放以來，我國的進出口增長十分迅速，目前已經(jīng)是全世界第一大貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟體。與改革開放以來逐步通過國際貿(mào)易融入全球體系相伴隨的，是我國以勞動力密集型為主的加工貿(mào)易的蓬勃發(fā)展，企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營效率和技術(shù)水平在全球化競爭中逐步提高，以及制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)在全球價值鏈和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量上的不斷升級?？梢哉f，理解中國經(jīng)濟增長奇跡的一大關鍵，在于認識開放國際貿(mào)易在這一過程中起到了什么樣的作用。

The economic aggregate of China has been accelerating with an increasing per capita income since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented forty years ago. It is rarely seen in the world that China has been able to make continuous improvements in its economic volume. The remarkable economic gain in human history is featured by its?all-round involvement into the global international trading system. Figure 1 shows that it?has had a rapid growth in imports and exports during these forty years and it has become the No.1 trading economy in the world. In addition, it has been gradually integrated into the global system through international trading meanwhile its labor-intensive processing trade has been thriving. The?Chinese?enterprises have been enhancing their production and operation efficiency as well as technological standards, and the manufacturing industries have been upgrading their global value chain and product quality. It can be considered that the opening?of?international trade in the economic growth of China plays a key role in the good understanding of its miracle.

國際貿(mào)易對于我國整體經(jīng)濟的影響是廣泛而深遠的，而其中又可以根據(jù)我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織（World Trade Organization，WTO）這一里程碑式的事件大致劃分為兩條主線：第一條主線是自改革開放以來到加入WTO之前。在這一時段內(nèi)，我國國際貿(mào)易的主要特點在于利用了巨大的人口和勞動力體量所帶來的勞動力密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)和工序上的比較優(yōu)勢。伴隨著國際貿(mào)易壁壘的下降，運輸技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，以及生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)工序的細分化，我國得以利用勞動力豐裕的比較優(yōu)勢深入地融入全球貿(mào)易體系和價值鏈分工體系。一個典型的例子是我國通過進口中間品零關稅的優(yōu)惠政策鼓勵以“兩頭在外，大進大出”為特點的加工貿(mào)易生產(chǎn)。加工貿(mào)易企業(yè)專業(yè)化在生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品流程中勞動力密集的工序和鏈條上，從而充分發(fā)揮了我國的比較優(yōu)勢。與此同時，通過參與加工貿(mào)易，進口中間品和資本品，我國企業(yè)逐漸熟悉和學習國外企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗，逐步提升自身的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營效率。

The international trade has had a profound influence on the Chinese economy. Its accession to the World Trade Organization, a milestone in its history, divided its economic development into two major paths. The country?employed the comparative advantages in labor-intensive industries and processes brought by its huge population and labor force when it adopted the first path prior to its membership in the WTO after its practice of reform and opening-up. The decreasing international trade barriers, the advancing technology in transportation and communications, and the segmentation in production processes enabled its economy to be well integrated into the global trading system and the value chain division system through its rich labor resources. One of the good examples was that China encouraged the processing, trade and production through its?preferential policy of zero tariff on the imported intermediate goods – specifically, it imported raw materials, manufactured products at home, and sold them globally. The local trade processing enterprises specialized in the labor-intensive processes and chains during the production to give full play to the comparative advantages. Meanwhile the enterprises could learn the technology from foreign counterparts and enhance their own production and operation efficiency through their participation in the processing trade and imports of intermediate goods and capital goods.

第二條主線是自加入WTO以來的貿(mào)易自由化進程。這一時段的主要特點在于全方位的貿(mào)易自由化所帶來的多重效應對企業(yè)、產(chǎn)品市場和要素市場的影響。一方面，開放貿(mào)易促進了進口競爭，使得國內(nèi)企業(yè)面對外來的競爭壓力；促進了優(yōu)勝劣汰，使得高效率的企業(yè)可以做大做強，而低效率企業(yè)則被淘汰出局；另一方面，開放貿(mào)易使得國內(nèi)企業(yè)可以用更低的成本購買到質(zhì)量更好的國外投入品，包括中間品和資本品等，這有利于我國企業(yè)的成本節(jié)約和技術(shù)升級。圖 2 顯示，自20世紀90年代以來，我國最終品和中間品平均關稅均有大幅下降。與此同時，國外市場針對我國的貿(mào)易自由化大大拓寬了我國企業(yè)所面臨的全球市場，這一市場規(guī)模效應會刺激企業(yè)進行出口、投資、研發(fā)、創(chuàng)新等具有明顯規(guī)模經(jīng)濟效應的活動。與此同時，依賴勞動力成本優(yōu)勢，附加值占比較低的加工貿(mào)易所占比重逐漸下降，一般貿(mào)易開始占據(jù)主導地位。由圖 3 可見，自加入 WTO 以來，加工貿(mào)易在我國進出口中所占的比重逐年下降，到 2017 年分別占總出口和總進口的約40%和30%。

The second path, which was the trade liberalization process after China joined the WTO, referred to the multiple effects of all-round trade liberalization upon enterprises, product marketing, and factor markets. On the one hand the opening-up in trade facilitated import competitions and brought domestic enterprises under pressure so that the highly efficient ones would become larger and stronger and the low ones would be eliminated. The best would survive. On the other hand it enabled the businesses at home to spend less and purchase much better foreign inputs including intermediate goods and capital goods, which would be good for cost saving and technological upgrade. Figure 2 shows China had sharply reduced average tariffs on final products and intermediate goods since the 1990s. Therefore the Chinese companies could have more access to global markets benefited from trade liberalization, and the market size effect would boost much more profitable imports, investments, researches, and innovations. The processing trade, which relied on labor cost advantage but had low additional value, started to decline, meanwhile the general trade had an increasing leading role. Figure 3 shows the processing trade has had a yearly lessening proportion in China’s imports and exports since its entry into the WTO, and it accounted for 40% and 30% approximately in total exports and imports respectively in 2017.

圖書試譯：《黑夜公主與黎明王子》

《黑夜公主與黎明王子》

Princess Night and Prince Dawn

引言

Preface

遙遠的中國南部，有一座神山叫做居納若羅神山，很久很久以前，古老的納西人就生活在這座神山上。然而，不知道什么原因，一條流淌著黑水與白水的河把神山一分為二，納西人也變成兩個部落：黑暗部落和白晝部落。黑暗部落只有永恒的黑夜，而白晝部落擁有全部的光明。如同中了邪惡的魔咒，兩個部落彼此仇恨，長年征戰(zhàn)，直到有一天，黑夜公主和黎明王子悄然到來……

In the far south of China, there was the divine Mount Junarou where the ancient Naxi people lived long ago. However, a river running black water and white water cut the mountain into two halves for no reason why. As a result, the local Naxi people were divided into the Darknight Tribe with everlasting darkness and the Daylight Tribe with endless brightness. Since then the two cursed clans had been engaged in long-time hatred and wars until Princess Night and Prince Dawn came to the world.

1. 我是黑夜公主，名字叫做庚饒娜姆，我出生在黑暗部落，我的父親米利術(shù)主是這個部落的王。在我們部落里，沒有一絲的光亮，只有永恒的黑暗。

1. I, Geronarmu, Princess Night, was born in the Darknight Tribe which had?been ruled by my father Lord Milichu and had?had everlasting darkness without any trace of light ever since its existence.

2.?我漸漸地長大，頭頂上出現(xiàn)一輪黑色的月亮，把我籠罩在溫柔的黑影里。妹妹月影公主為此非常嫉妒我，她不明白為什么她是月影公主卻沒有黑色的光環(huán)。只有母親知道答?案，她偷偷告訴我：只有世間最美麗的女子頭頂才會出現(xiàn)月光。

2.?As I grew up, a dark moon appeared above my head and covered me all over with tender shadows. My younger sister, Princess Moonshadow, however, was jealous of me because she could not understand why she had no such dark halo. But my mother knew the reason and told me in private: only the most charming lady in the world could be endowed with the distinctive moonlight above her head.

圖書試譯：工匠故事系列

沿著山路盤旋而行，身旁不時清泉潺潺，間或鳥語啾啾，亦有亭臺重重。走得累了，歇上一腳，汲一捧水，喊上一嗓子，回聲遠遠傳來，讓有些孤寂的旅程熱鬧些許。

You may hear the flowing spring and the chirping and see pavilions when you walk on a mountain road in a zigzag manner. When you are tired, you may rest and shout after having some?water scooped with your hands, and then you will hear echoes, which may enliven your solitary journey.

山中有一種泥，名喚：紫金土。該泥在山里頗為常見，只要掀開薄薄的一層砂石，便可大筐大筐地挖掘。當?shù)厝耸朗来米匀坏酿佡?/span>，他們用這種包含礦物質(zhì)的暗紅色的泥燒制一種舉世聞名的瓷器——青瓷。

The purple-golden soil is a kind of mud frequently seen in the mountain. It can be loaded into big baskets after a thin layer of sandstone is dug. The locals cherish the gift given by Nature and they use the dark red mud containing mineral substances to make porcelain in the fire – the worldly well-known celadon ware.

新采的泥并不能馬上使用，它需要經(jīng)歷沉淀、淘洗、過篩，甚至發(fā)酵等一系列的工序。這個過程，費時費力，幸好聰明的山民利用地勢的高差及豐富的水資源，架起一臺臺巨大的水車，幫著完成部分練泥的工作。而在孩子們的眼里，這些龐然大物卻是有趣的玩具，到了枯水季，用來躲貓貓再好不過。

The new mud should not be used at once; instead, it will be set, elutriated, sieved, and even fermented. The process is hard and time-consuming. But the smart locals will install large waterwheels by means of altitude difference of terrain and rich water resources to make the work much more efficient. The kids will take the giant tools as funny toys and use them for hide-and-seek in the dry season.

練泥的最后一步是要排出泥內(nèi)的空氣，這個活計，孩子們最喜歡。除去鞋襪，跳進泥堆，使勁兒踩，任是將自己踩成“泥猴”。母親也不會生氣，還會早早地預備了吃食——今天踩泥有功，可要好好犒賞！

The last step is to empty the air out of the mud, which is an enjoyable thing to the kids. They will take off their shoes and socks, jump into it, and tread on it at full blast. Their mother won’t get angry with her children?covered by mud; instead, she has prepared a delicious dinner for the best performer.

一張張帶有轱轆車的轉(zhuǎn)盤一字排開，盤中的泥開始了真正的幻化之路。在無數(shù)雙巧手之下，泥被屈伸、收放，制作成匠人們設計好的模樣。這樣的拉坯場景，山里的孩子早已熟悉不過，長得略大，就會自覺或不自覺地在轉(zhuǎn)盤前小試身手。一旁忙碌著的長輩們總會時不時瞄上兩眼，心里暗暗記下誰最有靈氣。

The rotary plates installed with wheels are placed at certain intervals, and the mud in them will be on the way to creation, that is to say, it will be skillfully made into perfect forms designed by craftsmen. The children in the mountains are so familiar with the jiggering that they will have a try in the plate when they grow up, meanwhile the busy elders may look at them and find the most promising one.

圖書試譯：《飛越太平洋》

A Benz was going at a gallop on the Freeway 15 to Nevada from Los Angeles, and the worldly known gambling town Las Vegas would be close at hand after driving 600 miles more. What could be seen outside was barren land with an endless expressway, saline-alkali soil, and barely-met trees and houses.

Gold hunters rushing to the castle in the deepest sands threw their available dollars into the illusory city which was said to be a desert ostrich capable of laying golden eggs. The increasingly sumptuous city kept attracting universal comers in a miraculous manner.

Hughchuan Ning was sitting in the car and attentively listening to the glib talk of the driver, her husband. The word gambling came to her mind when she was excited and curious. The tourists of the city were professional gamblers, local scholars, celebrities, government officials, artists, and businessmen and those of from the other parts of the world. Was life a gamble? Yes, it was. That was the answer of her ex Kun Hsia who was so busy with his work that he was hospitalized because of gastric ulcer. She blamed him for his devotion to his career at the expense of his health. With a pale, smiling face he said it would be worthwhile to sacrifice his life for success, and she retorted that life was a gamble and he was a desperate gambler. The memories of her ex made her full of guilt.

She was materially abundant but had unredeemable remorse. Kun told her that life would always have gains and losses. He was right.

A gas station at the roadside could be seen at last. A raven was standing on a timber pile in front of the station and would still stay there even when a car was passing by, and its loneliness could be sensed by her. Her husband drove into the station and slotted coins into the automatic refueling machine. She got off the car and stretched. She was seven years younger than her ex and she had a pretty face, a neat figure, perfect hair, and a refined heart.

When she and Kun were having a relationship, she asked him about her beauty in details. “You are an ordinary Chinese girl who can amaze the world rather than that of in the exquisite wall calendar and on TV.” “That is your sweet talk.” “I mean it. Since I met you, the world has …”