阿肯色州美術(shù)博物館 (AMFA) 是州內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的該類(lèi)文化機(jī)構(gòu)，已于2023年4月22日重新向公眾開(kāi)放，坐落于由Studio Gang設(shè)計(jì)的一座新近改造的建筑中。作為Studio Gang打造的首座已完工的藝術(shù)博物館，自2019年開(kāi)展大規(guī)模的擴(kuò)建和翻新后，AMFA再次回到公眾的視野中。

Studio Gang的設(shè)計(jì)為AMFA豎立了大膽的建筑新形象，這座建筑面積達(dá)13.3萬(wàn)平方英尺，與周?chē)某鞘泻凸珗@相融。原有的八座建筑風(fēng)格不同，且建于不同年代，設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)布局重構(gòu)將其凝聚成為相互協(xié)作的整體，從而煥發(fā)出新的活力。設(shè)計(jì)植入的擴(kuò)建部分如同主環(huán)線貫穿整個(gè)建筑中心，統(tǒng)一和重組了博物館現(xiàn)有的功能，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了整個(gè)建筑和場(chǎng)地內(nèi)的順暢無(wú)阻。

“自成立以來(lái)，阿肯色州美術(shù)博物館一直是深受人們喜愛(ài)的社區(qū)支柱，但隨著時(shí)間的推移和主要設(shè)施的擴(kuò)建，建筑逐步與社區(qū)和公園分離開(kāi)來(lái)，”Studio Gang的創(chuàng)始負(fù)責(zé)人兼合伙人Jeanne Gang表示：“我們將這次設(shè)計(jì)視作重新連接建筑與周?chē)h(huán)境的機(jī)會(huì)，也是對(duì)現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和重新構(gòu)想的機(jī)會(huì)，使其廣迎所有訪客并支持內(nèi)部各項(xiàng)活力創(chuàng)意活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展?！?/p>

作為可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)手法的一部分，原有的結(jié)構(gòu)和基礎(chǔ)被充分保留，新建的中央主環(huán)建筑則以有機(jī)的彎曲形式直接化解了室內(nèi)外的限制和挑戰(zhàn)。由現(xiàn)澆混凝土制成的創(chuàng)新折疊板結(jié)構(gòu)組成了獨(dú)特的屋頂，并隨著地形的變化逐漸降低高度，天窗為博物館內(nèi)部帶來(lái)了充沛的自然光，而其遮蔽的懸垂部分有效防止了陽(yáng)光的直射。

室內(nèi)，設(shè)計(jì)在博物館的多元化功能中建立并詮釋了其間的聯(lián)系。富有動(dòng)感的木質(zhì)天花板由單根懸掛的木板條以直線排列而成，直觀地引導(dǎo)游客從新建中庭去往其他分支區(qū)域，其中包括：展有永久藏品也舉辦臨時(shí)展覽的哈里特和沃倫·斯蒂芬斯展廳、面向所有年齡段和專(zhuān)業(yè)方向的學(xué)生并涵蓋八個(gè)新的藝術(shù)工作室的Windgate藝術(shù)學(xué)校，以及擁有350個(gè)座位的表演藝術(shù)劇院、博物館商店和演講廳。

新建的中央主結(jié)構(gòu)仿佛向任一端綻放，將博物館向周?chē)蜷_(kāi)，歡迎公眾的進(jìn)入。北邊的文化客廳是一個(gè)懸垂的透明體量，作為社區(qū)聚會(huì)空間和標(biāo)識(shí)歡迎人們前來(lái)參觀。在南面，深深懸垂的屋頂為新的室內(nèi)外餐廳營(yíng)造出一片帶有遮擋的用餐露臺(tái)。餐廳向下延伸至麥克阿瑟公園。

設(shè)計(jì)將建筑和景觀視為一體化。由SCAPE事務(wù)所更新后的11英畝景觀，將博物館的體驗(yàn)延伸到戶外，以一系列新的植物展現(xiàn)生物多樣性，并為室內(nèi)外的社交空間帶來(lái)了遮蔭和風(fēng)景，讓公眾通過(guò)新的路徑穿行于自然和戶外雕塑中。

除了提供遮陽(yáng)和提升建筑的能源性能，博物館屋頂上獨(dú)特的褶皺還將雨水引至緊鄰建筑的雨水花園中。降水在這些花園中得到過(guò)濾后流向麥克阿瑟公園的整片景觀中，并最終進(jìn)入場(chǎng)地南端的福斯特池塘。

AMFA是Studio Gang持續(xù)致力于對(duì)既有建筑進(jìn)行開(kāi)創(chuàng)性再利用的最新力證。通過(guò)對(duì)既有建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的重新構(gòu)想實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑的碳減排，也是Jeanne Gang作為哈佛大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)研究生院實(shí)踐教授的一項(xiàng)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。事務(wù)所的作品涉及適應(yīng)性再利用項(xiàng)目、對(duì)已有博物館園區(qū)的謹(jǐn)慎擴(kuò)建以及對(duì)工業(yè)建筑的重新塑造。

The Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts (AMFA), the largest cultural institution of its kind in the state, re-opened on April 22, 2023, in a newly transformed building designed by Studio Gang. The museum, which is Studio Gang's first completed art museum, has been closed to the public since 2019 while it underwent its major expansion and renovation.

Studio Gang's design creates a 133,000-square-foot building that embraces the surrounding city and park while also establishing a bold new architectural identity for AMFA. The design revitalizes the Museum's eight existing structures, which were built in different eras and architectural styles, by reconfiguring them in a way that allows them to work together as a cohesive building. It also introduces an addition that runs through the center of the entire building like a stem, unifying and reorganizing the Museum's existing functions and enabling a seamless flow through the building and across the site.

"The Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts has been a beloved community anchor since its founding, but over time its main additions had resulted in a building that was isolated from the neighborhood and park," said Jeanne Gang, Founding Principal and Partner of Studio Gang. "We saw the design as an opportunity to reconnect the building with its surroundings and to adapt and reimagine the existing structures so they would welcome all visitors and support the vibrant, creative activities going on inside."

Both inside and outside, the organic, curving form of the central stem responds directly to the constraints of the existing structure and foundations, which were substantially preserved as part of the design's sustainable approach. Its distinctive roof is an innovative, folded-plate structure made of cast-in-place concrete. Stepping down in height with the site's topography, its clerestory windows fill the interior of the museum with natural light, while its sheltering overhangs protect from the heat of the sun.

Inside, the design establishes and clarifies connections between the museum's diverse program. Its dynamic wood ceiling, composed of individually suspended wood slats arranged in a linear pattern, helps intuitively guides visitors through the spaces that branch off from the central addition's Atrium. These include the Harriet and Warren Stephens Galleries, which displays elements from the permanent collection as well as host temporary exhibitions; the Windgate Art School, which includes eight new art studios for students of all ages and skillsets; the 350-seat Performing Arts Theater, Museum Store, and lecture hall.

At each end, the central stem appears to blossom outward, opening the museum to its surroundings and welcoming the public in. To the north is the Cultural Living Room, a hovering, transparent volume that serves as a community gathering space and as a beacon that welcomes visitors to AMFA. To the south, the deep overhangs of the roof create a sheltered dining terrace for the new indoor-outdoor restaurant that steps down to meet MacArthur Park.

The design also treats architecture and landscape as intrinsically linked. An 11-acre renewed landscape, designed by SCAPE, extends the Museum experience into the outdoors, bringing a biodiverse array of new plantings that provide shade and beauty for indoor/outdoor social spaces, as well as new paths that allow the public to enjoy nature and view outdoor sculptures.

In addition to providing shade and improving the building's energy performance, the distinctive pleats on the Museum's roof are also designed to direct rainwater into the rain gardens next to the building. These gardens capture and filter the water before distributing it throughout the MacArthur Park landscape and, eventually, into Foster Pond at the south end of the site.

AMFA marks the latest example of Studio Gang's ongoing commitment to the creative reuse of existing buildings. Mitigating the impact of embodied carbon in architecture by reimagining existing structures is an ongoing focus of Jeanne Gang's teaching as a Professor in Practice at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. The firm's portfolio includes adaptive reuse projects, sensitive additions to existing museum campuses, and significant reinventions of industrial buildings.

Location:?Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

Design Architect & Architect of Record:?Studio Gang, Chicago

Project Team:

Jeanne Gang, Founding Principal and Partner. Juliane Wolf, Design Principal and Partner.

Margaret Cavenagh, Design Principal, Interiors. Angela Peckham, Senior Project Leader.

Design Team:?Paige Adams, Jill Doran, Emily Licht, AJ Rosales, Stanley Schultz, David Swain, Rolf Temesvari, Peter Yi, and Wen Zhou

Associate Architect:?Polk Stanley Wilcox Architects, Little Rock

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Personnel in architect's firm who should receive special credit:

David Porter, Cindy Pruitt, Wendell Kinzler, Laura Hendrix, Kate Edwards, David Rogers, Dian Bartlett

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Consultants

Landscape Architect:?SCAPE

Structural Engineer and Enclosure Consultant:?Thornton Tomasetti

Civil Engineer:?McClellend Consulting Engineers

MEPFP Engineer and Sustainability Consultant:?dbHMS

Lighting Designer:?Licht Kunst Licht

Acoustical, Theatrical, and AV Systems Designer:??ARUP

Cost Estimator:?Venue Consulting

General contractor:?Nabholz Pepper Doyne Construction Company, LLC

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