Intelligence services

Investors are going nuts for ChatGPT-ish artificial intelligence

?going nuts?（發(fā)狂）

投資者正為類似chatgpt的人工智能瘋狂

Even Elon Musk wants his own AI chatbot

就連埃隆·馬斯克也想擁有自己的人工智能聊天機器人

Feb 28th 2023 |?

SINCE CHATGPT’S?launch in November, a mini-industry?has defied the broader slump in tech. Not a week goes by without someone unveiling?a “generative” artificial intelligence (AI) based on “foundation” models—the vast and complex algorithms that give ChatGPT?and other AIs like it their wits. On February 24th Meta, Facebook’s parent company, released a model called LLaMA. Elon Musk, boss of Tesla and Twitter, reportedly wants to create an AI that would be less “woke” than ChatGPT. One catalogue, maintained by Ben Tossell, a British entrepreneur, has just grown to include, among others, Isaac Editor (which helps students write essays) and Ask Seneca (which answers questions based on the stoic philosopher’s writings). ChatGPT?may be much talked about and, with over 100m users, talked to. Yet Mr Tossell’s database hints that the real action in generative AI is in all manner of less chatty services enabled by foundation models.

自 ChatGPT 在11月份推出以來，一個小型產(chǎn)業(yè)在技術(shù)行業(yè)中挺拔而起。每周都有人發(fā)布基于“基礎(chǔ)”模型的“生成式”人工智能（AI）——這些龐大而復(fù)雜的算法給予ChatGPT和其他類似AI以智慧。2月24日，F(xiàn)acebook的母公司Meta發(fā)布了一個名為LLaMA的模型。據(jù)報道，特斯拉和Twitter的老板伊隆·馬斯克想創(chuàng)建一個比ChatGPT更少“覺醒”的AI。英國企業(yè)家本·托塞爾維護的一個目錄，剛剛增加了Isaac Editor（幫助學(xué)生寫作文）和Ask Seneca（基于斯多葛哲學(xué)家的著作回答問題）等等。ChatGPT可能被廣泛談?wù)?，并與超過1億用戶交談。然而，托塞爾先生的數(shù)據(jù)庫暗示，生成式AI的真正行動在于各種基于基礎(chǔ)模型的不那么健談的服務(wù)中。

launch上市，發(fā)行

artificial intelligence人工智能

algorithms算法,

catalogue目錄，編入目錄；列舉，記載

entrepreneur企業(yè)家

stoic philosopher斯多葛派哲學(xué)家

chatt 饒舌的；愛講閑話的；非正式的

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Each model is trained on reams of text, images, sound files or other data. This allows them to interpret instructions in natural language and respond with text, art or music. Though such systems have been around for some time, it took a consumer-facing service such as ChatGPT?to capture the world’s—and investors’—imagination. As Mike Volpi of Index Ventures, a venture-capital (VC) firm, says, this happened just as his fellow tech backers, burned by the cryptocurrency crash and the empty metaverse, were on the lookout for the next big thing. In addition, even more than web browsers and smartphones, foundation models make it easy to build new services and applications on top of them. “You can open your laptop, get an account and start interacting with the model,” says Steve Loughlin of Accel, another VC?firm.

每個模型都是在大量文本、圖像、聲音文件或其他數(shù)據(jù)的訓(xùn)練下完成的。這使得它們能夠解釋自然語言的指令并以文本、藝術(shù)或音樂進行回應(yīng)。雖然這樣的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)存在一段時間了，但是像ChatGPT這樣的面向消費者的服務(wù)使得全世界和投資者的想象力都被吸引。正如風(fēng)險投資公司Index Ventures的Mike Volpi所說，這正好發(fā)生在他的技術(shù)支持者的同行，由于加密貨幣崩盤和空洞的元宇宙而燒錢，正在尋找下一個大事件。此外，與網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器和智能手機相比，基礎(chǔ)模型使得在它們之上構(gòu)建新的服務(wù)和應(yīng)用程序變得更加容易。"你可以打開你的筆記本電腦，獲得一個帳戶，并開始與模型進行交互，"風(fēng)險投資公司Accel的Steve Loughlin說。

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venture-capital,風(fēng)險資本，風(fēng)險投資

cryptocurrency加密電子貨幣

crash破產(chǎn)，倒閉，暴跌,

metaverse元宇宙（虛擬空間）

Money is flooding into the business. In January it was reported that Microsoft poured $10bn in OpenAI, the startup behind ChatGPT, on top of an earlier investment of $1bn. Pete Flint of NfX, another VC?firm, now counts more than 500 generative-AI?startups. They have so far collectively raised more than $11bn—and that is excluding OpenAI?(see chart). Mr Volpi talks of a “Cambrian explosion”.

資金正在涌入這個行業(yè)。據(jù)報道，微軟在一月份向ChatGPT背后的初創(chuàng)公司OpenAI注資了100億美元，這是之前的10億美元投資的加碼。風(fēng)險投資公司NfX的Pete Flint現(xiàn)在數(shù)了數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)有500多個生成式AI初創(chuàng)公司。他們迄今已經(jīng)共籌集了超過110億美元，不包括OpenAI在內(nèi)（見圖表）。Volpi先生談到了“寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)”。

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So which generative-AI?platforms will make the big bucks? For now, this is the subject of head-scratching?in tech circles. “It’s just not clear if there will be a long-term, winner-take-all dynamic in generative AI,” wrote Martin Casado and colleagues at Andreessen Horowitz, one more VC?firm, in a recent blog post. Many startups offer me-too ideas, often more feature than product. Even the resource-intensive foundation models may end up as a low-margin commodity: though proprietary ones such as OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 are ahead, open-source alternatives aren’t far behind.

那么，哪些生成式AI平臺將賺大錢呢？目前，在科技圈內(nèi)，這仍然是一個讓人頭疼的話題。"在生成式AI領(lǐng)域，長期來看是否會出現(xiàn)贏家通吃的動態(tài)，現(xiàn)在還不清楚，"安德森·霍洛維茨的馬丁·卡薩多和同事們在最近的一篇博客文章中寫道。許多初創(chuàng)公司提供的是與眾同行的想法，通常更像是一個功能而非產(chǎn)品。即使是資源密集型的基礎(chǔ)模型也可能最終成為低利潤商品：盡管專有模型如OpenAI的GPT-3.5處于領(lǐng)先地位，但開源替代品也不會落后太遠。

commodity商品，貨物

head-scratching令人頭痛的?

low-margin低利潤

Generative AI?is also tiptoeing into a legal minefield. The models often get things wrong. And they can go off the rails. Sydney, the chatbot Microsoft is developing for its Bing search engine using OpenAI’s tech, has insulted a few users and professed its love to at least one (it has since been reined in). AI platforms may not enjoy the legal protection from liability that shields social media. Copyright holders of web-based content on which existing models are being trained without asking permission or paying compensation are up in arms. Getty Images, a repository of photographs, and individual artists have filed lawsuits against AI art-generators such as Stable Diffusion. Stable Diffusion says, “We take these matters seriously. We are reviewing the documents and will respond accordingly.” News outlets fear text-gobbling AIs, too (see subsequent article).

由于ChatGPT的推出，一場小型工業(yè)已經(jīng)脫穎而出，盡管科技行業(yè)整體低迷，但每周都會有人推出基于“基礎(chǔ)”模型的“生成”人工智能（AI）。這些模型在大量的文本、圖像、聲音文件或其他數(shù)據(jù)的訓(xùn)練下，能夠解釋自然語言的指令，并以文本、藝術(shù)或音樂作出回應(yīng)。雖然這樣的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)存在一段時間了，但消費者面向的服務(wù)ChatGPT使得全球和投資者的想象力受到了吸引。各種類型的非語音服務(wù)也已經(jīng)開始開發(fā)，而這比網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器和智能手機更容易建立在基礎(chǔ)模型之上。資金也大量涌入這個行業(yè)。Pete Flint的NfX公司現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)計了500多個生成AI初創(chuàng)企業(yè)，他們已經(jīng)集資超過110億美元，不包括OpenAI（見圖表）。Martin Casado和他在Andreessen Horowitz的同事在最近的一篇博客文章中寫道：“目前還不清楚，在生成AI中是否會出現(xiàn)長期的贏家通吃的動態(tài)?！保@也是技術(shù)界正在思考的問題。AI平臺也可能沒有社交媒體所享有的法律責(zé)任保護。已有版權(quán)持有人針對在未經(jīng)允許或付費的情況下對現(xiàn)有模型進行訓(xùn)練的基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的內(nèi)容，提出了反對意見。Getty Images和個別藝術(shù)家已對Stable Diffusion等AI藝術(shù)生成器提起訴訟。新聞媒體也擔(dān)心文本攝取AI（請參見后續(xù)文章）。

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liability責(zé)任，義務(wù)

copyright版權(quán)，著作權(quán)

minefield布雷區(qū)；充滿隱伏危險的事物

insult侮辱，冒犯

OpenAI?is already downplaying the launch later this year of GPT-4, the highly anticipated update to its foundation model. It won’t temper VC types’ appetite for generative AI. For more risk-averse investors, the safest bet at the moment is on the providers of the ample processing power needed to train and run foundation models. The share price of Nvidia, which designs chips useful for AI applications, is up by 60% so far this year. Cloud-computing services and data-centre landlords are rubbing their hands, too. Whichever AI?platform comes out top, you can’t go wrong selling picks and shovels in a gold rush. ■

OpenAI已經(jīng)在淡化今年晚些時候推出的GPT-4的發(fā)布，這是其備受期待的基礎(chǔ)模型更新。然而這并不會降低風(fēng)險投資者對生成式AI的熱情。對于更為風(fēng)險厭惡的投資者來說，目前最安全的選擇是提供培訓(xùn)和運行基礎(chǔ)模型所需的大量處理能力的供應(yīng)商。設(shè)計對AI應(yīng)用有用的芯片的Nvidia的股價今年迄今已經(jīng)上漲了60％。云計算服務(wù)和數(shù)據(jù)中心房東也在期待著。無論哪種AI平臺成為主流，賺取一筆黃金熱潮中的提供“鐵鍬和鎬”的服務(wù)都不會有錯。

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downplay 淡化

anticipated 期待的

temper 緩和

risk-averse 風(fēng)險厭惡的

cloud-computing 云計算

data-centre 數(shù)據(jù)中心

rub hands 翹首以盼

[本篇文章翻譯和詞匯整理直接借助chatgpt生成的，文章供學(xué)習(xí)參考用]