degree?[d??ɡri?] n. 程度；度數(shù)；學(xué)位；等級(jí)

形近詞：agreement, Greek

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I struggled a lot go get the college degree.

我?jiàn)^力拼搏以獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位。

現(xiàn)在很多大學(xué)的學(xué)位并不需要奮力拼搏才能獲得了，但是付出了多少，在求職的時(shí)候，一切都藏不住。

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agreement [??ɡri?m?nt] n. 協(xié)定；一致；同意

There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.

解析：so-called所謂的；big deal這里是大宗協(xié)議；access to進(jìn)入什么; a collection of一系列的...；journal期刊；title標(biāo)題；site-licensing網(wǎng)址許可；agreements這里的協(xié)定的意思。

翻譯：?有一個(gè)所謂的大宗協(xié)議，是機(jī)構(gòu)訂閱者付費(fèi)通過(guò)網(wǎng)址許可協(xié)議獲取一系列在線期刊標(biāo)題入口的地方。

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Greek [ɡri?k]

n. 希臘人；希臘文

adj. 希臘的；希臘語(yǔ)的；希臘人的；

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health”.

解析：precious珍貴的

古希臘哲學(xué)家亞里士多德將大笑視為“對(duì)健康來(lái)說(shuō)很珍貴的身體鍛煉”。

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concern [k?n?s??rn]

v. 涉及；關(guān)系到；關(guān)注

n. 關(guān)心；關(guān)切；顧慮；憂慮；利害（關(guān)系）

形近詞：concerned，unconcerned

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Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.

解析：valid除了有效的，還有合理的，有根據(jù)的，符合邏輯的意思；patch補(bǔ)?。籶atchwork拼湊；regulation管理，控制，章程；patchwork regulation翻譯成各自為政；因?yàn)槊绹?guó)就是50個(gè)州的聯(lián)邦。

句子中的result是動(dòng)詞，導(dǎo)致;that是result的賓語(yǔ)，that從句是修飾the patchwork regulation的定語(yǔ)從句。

翻譯：當(dāng)然，如果每個(gè)州都設(shè)置自己的規(guī)則，那么有合理性擔(dān)憂這會(huì)導(dǎo)致的各自為政。

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As Nature?has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes——both new and old——are distributed.

解析：distribute分配，分發(fā)。

翻譯：如《自然》雜志之前指出來(lái)的，關(guān)于科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)如何分配分發(fā)，有一些合法擔(dān)憂。

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concerned [k?n?s??rnd] adj. 關(guān)心的；關(guān)注的；有關(guān)（方面）的；認(rèn)為重要的；擔(dān)心的

On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”?to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.

解析：on first hearinig乍一聽(tīng); chancellor總理，議長(zhǎng)；socially 副詞修飾形容詞concerned；indulgent 放縱的，寬容的；subsidise資助，給...發(fā)津貼，這里subsidises laziness是助長(zhǎng)惰性的意思。

翻譯： 乍一聽(tīng)，這位心系社會(huì)的議長(zhǎng)，試著改善民生，用對(duì)一個(gè)明顯縱容性系統(tǒng)——使新失業(yè)的人幾乎不費(fèi)努力就能找到工作并且助長(zhǎng)惰性的系統(tǒng)的“改革”來(lái)完成。

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unconcerned [??nk?n?s??rnd] adj. 不關(guān)心的；無(wú)關(guān)的；無(wú)憂慮的

Young people are often unconcerned with political issues.

年輕人往往對(duì)政治問(wèn)題漠不關(guān)心。

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concern oneself with: 關(guān)心

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as/so far as ... be concerned: 就...來(lái)說(shuō)

So far as resources disposition be concerned, it is relative to nature economy.

就資源配置方式來(lái)說(shuō)，它與自然經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)。

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allow [??la?] v. 允許；同意；考慮

形近詞：shallow

In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.

解析：mass海量的，mass-market面向大眾的；anticipate預(yù)測(cè)；precisely精確地，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞anticipate; demand這里是名詞需求。

翻譯：在上一個(gè)十年左右，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)讓面向大眾的品牌比如Zara, H&M和優(yōu)衣庫(kù)對(duì)潮流的反應(yīng)更加快速并且更加準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)需求。

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However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.

解析：Justice大寫，代表法官；status身份，狀態(tài)，情形；law enforcement法律實(shí)施。

翻譯：然而，法官們說(shuō)亞利桑那州警方在執(zhí)法過(guò)程中查驗(yàn)人民的合法性。

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shallow [???lo?]

v. 變淺；使變淺

adj. 淺的；膚淺的

a shallow dish 淺盤

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allow for: 考慮到；顧及；允許有

You have to allow for a certain amount of error.

你必須將一定數(shù)量的誤差考慮在內(nèi)。

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product [?prɑ?d?kt] n. 產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物

invest in product development 產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)投資

形近詞：production, productive, productivity

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production [pr??d?k?n] n. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)品；作品

Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

翻譯：只有人們開(kāi)始以一種更加有生產(chǎn)力的方式獲取食物時(shí)，才是獲取其它事物的時(shí)候。

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productivity [?prɑ?d?k?t?v?ti] n. 生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率；生產(chǎn)能力

Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.

解析：likewise副詞adv，同樣地，類似地；boost增加，促進(jìn)，吹捧；

翻譯：同樣地，自動(dòng)化應(yīng)當(dāng)最終促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力，通過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)價(jià)格下降來(lái)刺激需求，并且將工人從辛苦，乏味的工作中解放出來(lái)。

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invention [?n?ven?n] n. 發(fā)明（物）

Fax machine were a wonderful invention at the time.

傳真機(jī)當(dāng)時(shí)是一項(xiàng)了不起的發(fā)明。

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level [?levl] ?

n. 水平；程度；等級(jí)，級(jí)別

adj. 水平的；平的；平穩(wěn)的

v. 弄平；鋪平；使瞄準(zhǔn)；使對(duì)準(zhǔn)

At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.

在州這一級(jí)別，他們的影響力甚至有可能更加可怕。

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low-level [?lo? ?levl] adj. 低水平的；低級(jí)別的；次要的

Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.

解析：首先，這個(gè)句子是謂語(yǔ)前置的倒裝句。主語(yǔ)是information protection信息保護(hù)。

left這里是leave的過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)，句子中是被留給的意思；left 和同樣由過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的seen是并列關(guān)系。to odd, low-level這里逗號(hào)是分隔，是to odd and low-level IT staff的意思；put right恢復(fù)正常，糾正；

翻譯：此前，信息保護(hù)是由奇怪而又低級(jí)別的IT人員糾正的，并且被視為只有像銀行業(yè)，電訊業(yè)和飛機(jī)旅游業(yè)這樣數(shù)據(jù)豐富的行業(yè)才會(huì)關(guān)心的事，而現(xiàn)在，信息保護(hù)是各行各業(yè)老板日程中的高級(jí)別事件。

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level off: 穩(wěn)定，呈平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)

The figures show evidence that murders in the national capital are beginning to level off.

數(shù)據(jù)表明，該國(guó)首都謀殺案開(kāi)始控制在穩(wěn)定的水平。

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on the level: 真誠(chéng)；坦率；誠(chéng)懇

I’m not convinced he’s on the level.

我不相信他是真誠(chéng)的。

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do one’s level best: 全力以赴

You are my impetus, that is why I do my level best.

解析：impetus動(dòng)力，慣性，促進(jìn)。

翻譯：你是我的動(dòng)力，那就是為什么我全力以赴。

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effort [?ef?rt] n. 努力，艱難的嘗試

形近詞：effortless

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the the environment —— including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line ——?Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

解析：Unit 01講impact的時(shí)候，是一模一樣的句子，前面已經(jīng)解析過(guò)這個(gè)句子。重復(fù)一下，though表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

翻譯：盡管多家快時(shí)尚公司已經(jīng)在努力控制其對(duì)勞動(dòng)力和環(huán)境的影響——包括H&M推出了環(huán)?！耙庾R(shí)系列”服裝生產(chǎn)線——但克萊因認(rèn)為持續(xù)的改變只能通過(guò)消費(fèi)者影響。

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effortless [?ef?rtl?s] adj. 不費(fèi)力氣的

He made playing guitar look effortless.

他讓彈吉他看起來(lái)很輕松。

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infer [?n?f??r] v. 推論；推斷

Much of meaning must be inferred from the context.

大部分含義必須從上下文推斷。

注：人工智能在自然語(yǔ)言處理上，要解決一詞多義等問(wèn)題，也遵循了上下文原則。比如google的self-attention機(jī)制。

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形近詞：inferiority, inferior, inference

inferiority [?n?f?ri???r?ti] n. 劣勢(shì)；劣等；下等；次級(jí)；自卑情緒，自卑感

This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

解析：justification除了辯護(hù)，辯解之外還有合理的理由的意思；neglect忽視；rationalization合理化。前面說(shuō)過(guò)除了and，逗號(hào)也可以表示并列和連接。

翻譯：這種說(shuō)法似乎是在為忽視那些需要幫助的人的行為找借口，也似乎是在講剝削以及上層人的優(yōu)越感和底層人的自卑感合理化。

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inferior [?n?f?ri?r]

adj. 低等的；劣等的；下級(jí)的；（質(zhì)量）差的，次的

n. 部下，下屬

According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?

[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.

[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.

[C] They help improve the quality of music

[D] They have only covered masterpieces.

解析：recordings錄音；masterpieces杰作

翻譯：

根據(jù)文本，下列哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于錄音的說(shuō)法是正確的？

[A] 它們?cè)谫|(zhì)量上通常比音樂(lè)會(huì)要差

[B] 對(duì)于大眾來(lái)說(shuō)它們很容易獲得

[C] 它們幫助提高音樂(lè)的質(zhì)量

[D] 它們只涵蓋了杰出的作品

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inference [??nf?r?ns] n. 推論；推理；推斷

The clear inference is university is expanding.

顯然的結(jié)論是宇宙在膨脹。

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deduce [d??du?s] v. 推論；推斷?

We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.

我們可以從人們選擇買什么推斷出很多。

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conclude [k?n?klu?d] v. 得出結(jié)論；推斷出

What do you conclude from that?

你從中得出了什么結(jié)論？

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professional [pr??fe??nl]

n. 專業(yè)人士

adj. 職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的；專門的

形近詞：professionalize, professionalization, professionalism

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If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.

解析：pronounce動(dòng)詞，發(fā)音，正式宣布的意思；pronounced表達(dá)明確的，顯著的，明顯的；examine除了測(cè)驗(yàn)，還有調(diào)查的意思；rank除了排名，級(jí)別，還有成員的意思；feed供養(yǎng)，喂養(yǎng)，這里是輸送人才養(yǎng)料的意思。

翻譯：如果你再去調(diào)查為世界杯和專業(yè)成員輸送人才的歐洲青年國(guó)家隊(duì)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪的現(xiàn)象甚至更加明顯。

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professionalize [pr??fe??n?la?z] v. 使...職業(yè)化；使...專業(yè)化

Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor.

翻譯：除了用這種分離來(lái)讓專業(yè)更加專業(yè)化，頂尖美國(guó)大學(xué)已經(jīng)讓教授專業(yè)化。

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professionalization [pr??fe??n?la?z'e??(?)n] n. 專業(yè)化；職業(yè)化
Analysis?on?Identification?Education?of?Professional?Value?of?Social?Work?under?Professionalization.

《職業(yè)化背景下社會(huì)工作專業(yè)價(jià)值的認(rèn)同教育的分析》

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professionalism [pr??fe??n?l?z?m] n. 職業(yè)水準(zhǔn)或特性；職業(yè)化；專業(yè)化

Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969, a third of American professors did not possess one.

解析：acquisition獲得，得到；doctoral degree博士學(xué)位；prerequisite可作名詞先決條件和形容詞先決條件的，句子中a prerequisite很明顯是名詞，一個(gè)先決條件；

翻譯：專業(yè)化已經(jīng)讓博士學(xué)位的獲取辦成一個(gè)成功學(xué)術(shù)生涯的一個(gè)先決條件：截止到1969年，1/3的美國(guó)教授沒(méi)有一個(gè)博士學(xué)位。

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provide [pr??va?d] v. 供給；提供；給予?

形近詞：provided, provider, provision

The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.

翻譯：該程序追蹤你的進(jìn)步并對(duì)你的表現(xiàn)和提升提供細(xì)節(jié)化的反饋。?

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The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communication choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.

解析：dramatic除了戲劇性的，還有引人注目的，巨大的意思；

翻譯：同樣巨大的技術(shù)編號(hào)為營(yíng)銷人員提供了更多（并且也更多樣）的溝通選擇，也同樣提供了更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——讓狂熱的消費(fèi)者用更快，更明顯和更加破壞性的方式來(lái)發(fā)聲他們的意見(jiàn)。

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provided [pr??va?d?d] conj. 倘若；只要；假如

conj是連詞的意思。

Provided that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to ￡100 a day.?

假設(shè)你的賬戶上有錢，你可以每天提取100人民幣。

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provider [pr??va?d?r] n. 提供者；供應(yīng)者；供應(yīng)商

This trend, which we believe in still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.

解析：infant嬰兒，infancy嬰兒期，初期；

翻譯：這一趨勢(shì)，我們相信仍然在初期，有效地從零售商和像航空和旅館這樣的旅游供應(yīng)商開(kāi)始并且毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)會(huì)走的更遠(yuǎn)。

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provision [pr??v??n] n. 供應(yīng)；提供；（法律的）條文；條款；規(guī)定；準(zhǔn)備

Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______ .

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies

解析：constitutional憲法的；disturb打擾，擾亂；overstep越權(quán)；

翻譯：

亞利桑那州計(jì)劃的三條條款被反轉(zhuǎn)因?yàn)樗鼈僟_____。

[A] 剝奪了聯(lián)邦警察的憲法權(quán)力

[B] 打亂了不同州之間的權(quán)力平衡

[C] 越過(guò)了聯(lián)邦移民法律的許可

[D] 與聯(lián)邦政策和州的政策都矛盾

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supply [s??pla?] v. 供給；補(bǔ)充

Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels.

外國(guó)政府為叛軍提供武器。

2011年的“阿拉伯之春”，敘利亞是民選政府，是外國(guó)政府為反對(duì)派也就是叛軍提供武器。

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offer [???f?r] v. 提供；給予

You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.

翻譯：你現(xiàn)在不被需要；你被提供你生活的目標(biāo)和結(jié)構(gòu)的工作環(huán)境排除在外。

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challenge [?t??l?nd?]

n. 挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨人物；（對(duì)真實(shí)性、價(jià)值、權(quán)威等提出的）懷疑；質(zhì)疑

v. 挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑；質(zhì)疑（真實(shí)性、價(jià)值、權(quán)威等）

形近詞：unchallenged

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It is stated in Paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system ______ .

[A] challenges economists and politicians

[B] takes efforts of generations

[C] demands priority from the government

[D] requires sufficient labor force

翻譯：

第一段陳述的一個(gè)新的教育系統(tǒng)的建立______ 。

[A] 向經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政客提出了挑戰(zhàn)

[B] 需要幾代人的努力

[C] 需要政府給予優(yōu)先權(quán)

[D] 需要充足的勞動(dòng)力

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Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.

解析：instead副詞，反而，相反，代替，卻；desperate絕望的，孤注一擲的，經(jīng)典美劇《desperate wives》，也就是《絕望的主婦》；plant大部分情況下是植物，power plant電廠。

翻譯：反而，這家公司做了它長(zhǎng)期承諾它不會(huì)做的事：在聯(lián)邦法院挑戰(zhàn)佛蒙特州法規(guī)的憲法性，這是它讓佛蒙特洋基核電廠運(yùn)行的孤注一擲努力的一部分。

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Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth an breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.

解析：obscure動(dòng)詞模糊，也是形容詞模糊的意思；illuminate除了點(diǎn)亮，還有闡明的意思。

翻譯：然而它的報(bào)告也許會(huì)通過(guò)模糊國(guó)會(huì)要求闡明的挑戰(zhàn)的深度核廣度讓改革倒退。

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unchallenged [?n?t??l?nd?d] adj. 不成問(wèn)題的；未受到挑戰(zhàn)的；未引起質(zhì)疑的；沒(méi)有異議的

He is in a position of unchallenged authority.

他擁有絕對(duì)的權(quán)威。?