英文文本和鏈接的提供者匿名，對譯者進(jìn)行了一些其他協(xié)助

翻譯：本人（幾乎所有網(wǎng)站用戶名都是赤江鍍），雅思閱讀7.5，生物制藥專業(yè)

以下是關(guān)于一些古生物愛好者對于羽毛納粹這個組織的謠言的澄清。希望各位愛好者不要因望文生義而濫用該組織名或者肆意評價該組織。

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太長不看版：Feather Nazis本身是一個在Deviant Art上建立的繪畫小組，成立的原本目的是科普宣傳羽毛在手盜龍類中的多樣性，只接收符合科學(xué)又兼具藝術(shù)性的作品，并對所有解剖學(xué)方面（骨骼、肌肉等）的復(fù)原都有非常嚴(yán)格的要求。該小組現(xiàn)已重組為council-of-feathers，加入新小組的要求依然是如下本人翻譯的英文文本。

羽毛納粹并不會為恐龍?zhí)砑舆^量羽毛，更不可能為已知或很可能無羽毛的恐龍亂添羽毛（羽絨服霸王龍就是不可能被接受的），甚至不允許給不能飛的猶他盜龍畫不對稱飛羽。

羽毛納粹的創(chuàng)立者之一Chris Masna是盡可能嘗試科學(xué)地描述地獄溪組生態(tài)的游戲《Saurian》的主要藝術(shù)家。該游戲中顯然沒有羽絨服三角龍和羽絨服蜥腳類。其創(chuàng)立羽毛納粹的目的可類比于于“語法納粹”：https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Grammar%20Nazi

語法納粹（Grammar Nazi）的釋義如下：使用優(yōu)秀的語法，并且經(jīng)常溫和地或嚴(yán)厲地指出網(wǎng)民語法錯誤的人。

同理，Chris Masna的本意是：羽毛納粹的成員作為優(yōu)秀的羽毛恐龍愛好者，應(yīng)該指出民眾對于羽毛恐龍的誤解并進(jìn)行相關(guān)辟謠，讓民眾認(rèn)識羽毛恐龍真實(shí)的樣子。該小組僅僅是一個古生物藝術(shù)家組成的小組，并沒有胡亂為恐龍?zhí)砑佑鹈?qiáng)迫任何人接受。

看到這還濫用羽毛納粹這個詞的，拖出去讓鐮刀龍打一百個嘴巴子。

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以下是該DA站小組的主頁上的投稿要求。?

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No lizards allowed嚴(yán)禁蜥蜴

This group is intended to show the great diversity of feathered dinosaurs that lived in the Mesozoic (of course, that excludes today's dinosaurs, the birds). Our goal is to erradicate the awful numeric supremacy of lizard-like depictions of dinosaurs, and to educate people about the most likely appearance of these dinosaurs.

本小組的目的是展示中生代羽毛恐龍的多樣性（當(dāng)然包含存活至今的恐龍，也就是鳥類）。我們的目的是消滅糟糕的大量主流地位的蜥蜴式恐龍復(fù)原，并告知人們這些恐龍最為精確的形象。

Our rules are stricter than most groups, so please follow these guidelines carefully if you want your artwork to be considered here.

我們的規(guī)則比其他小組更加嚴(yán)格，所以如果您希望將您的作品投稿至此，請遵守以下行動準(zhǔn)則。

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BECOMING A MEMBER成為一名小組成員

In order to be accepted as a member of the FeatherNazis group, it is a requirement that artwork consistent with the rules detailed below be present in your gallery with intent to submit. We are solely an art group and join requests by non-artists will not be accepted, but feel free to watch the group instead.

被接受為Feather Nazis小組成員的前提是符合以下規(guī)定的作品已經(jīng)被投稿在您的gallery中，而且您具有強(qiáng)烈的意愿想要加入。我們只是一個藝術(shù)小組，非藝術(shù)家提出的加入請求會被拒絕，但您可以隨意關(guān)注我們的小組作品。

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SUBMITTING ART投稿藝術(shù)作品

We accept only Mesozoic, feathered, and anatomically accurate dinosaurs. Accuracy will be based on a combination of the following factors.我們僅接受中生代有羽毛的解剖學(xué)正確的恐龍。準(zhǔn)確度根據(jù)以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)綜合判斷。

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Anatomy: Follow skeletals. If - for example - the limb proportions, skull shape, tooth number, pubic boot placement, tail shape, and limb placement deviate substantially from what can be inferred as random variation from an accepted skeletal reconstruction, it will be rejected. If no skeletal exists for the animal you're illustrating, or if you are illustrating an animal for which few elements are known, please use common sense and use the known proportions of closely-related animals.

解剖學(xué)：符合骨骼圖。如果作品中的恐龍——舉個例子——四肢的比例、頭骨的形狀、牙齒的數(shù)量、恥骨靴的形狀（注1）、尾巴的形狀、肢體位置與公認(rèn)的骨骼重建的隨機(jī)變化大相徑庭，該作品會被拒絕。

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Musculature: All illustrations submitted to this group must show the musculature fully accurate to what we currently know. This primarily means the shape of the muscles should follow those of up to date studies, and the size/mass of the muscles should follow a range acceptable for individual variation. Correct musculature also means no "shrink-wrapped" animals where every detail of the musculature is visible through the integument, Greg S. Paul style. For muscle mass reference, please see the external links section below.

肌肉系統(tǒng)：投稿到本小組的所有插圖必須完全精確地展示我們目前已知的肌肉系統(tǒng)。這主要意味著肌肉的形態(tài)與最新的研究相符合，而且肌肉的大小必須符合可以接受的個體差異。正確的肌肉組織也意味著不要“皮包骨”的、所有肌肉細(xì)節(jié)都能通過表皮看到的Paul風(fēng)格。對于肌肉形態(tài)的參考請看本文的外部鏈接部分。

Secondly, to be accepted, all dinosaurs must have a tail with the musculature sufficiently suggesting the presence of a large caudofemoralis muscle. This, along with further mass from other muscles such as the ilio-ischiocaudalis means that there should be no clear distinction between the hips, the thigh and the tail. I.e., the upper leg should be enveloped in the mass of the body. Further reference for this can also be found below.

第二，能夠被接受的所有作品中的恐龍都應(yīng)該有一個能夠充分展示大塊的尾股肌。這些肌肉以及更多以腸骨坐骨一帶的肌肉為代表的肌肉組織意味著作品中的恐龍在髖部、大腿和尾巴處不能具有太明顯的分隔，例如腿的上半部分應(yīng)該被包裹在軀干的肌肉內(nèi)部。更多參考在外部鏈接處可見。

Thirdly, the skull and jaw musculature of dinosaurs, especially theropods is quite substantial. It should almost completely obscure all the fenestrae in the skull. Additionally, the pterygoideus posterior muscle should be clearly visible at the back of the skull, as exampled in the musculature links below.

第三，恐龍頭骨和下頜的肌肉組織，特別是獸腳類的這些肌肉是非常牢充實(shí)的。這些肌肉應(yīng)當(dāng)足以使可見的頭骨窗孔結(jié)構(gòu)顯得模糊。而且，翼后肌應(yīng)該在頭骨后部清晰可見，類似于外部鏈接肌肉這一段中列舉的內(nèi)容。

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Feathers: By definition, all illustrations accepted to this group will include feathered animals. For maniraptorans, these animals should be fully-feathered unless you give a specific justification for leaving certain areas unfeathered. We will not accept oviraptorosaurs, deinonychosaurs or basal birds without the primaries clearly attaching to the second finger. For animals where the full extent of the feathering is known from fossils, we will be more nitpicky about feather placement.

羽毛：在定義上，所有的能夠被本小組接受的插圖會包括有羽毛的動物。我們不會接受初級飛羽沒有連接到第二指上的竊蛋龍類、恐爪龍類和基干鳥類。對于手盜龍類，這些動物應(yīng)該是羽毛豐滿的，除非您提供特殊的正當(dāng)理由使作品中動物身體的某些部位沒有羽毛。對于全身羽毛的面積和覆蓋羽毛的位置都能夠從化石中得知的動物，我們對于羽毛的位置要求會更高。

However, feather placement goes both ways. We will also look critically on illustrations that involve unrealistically extensive integument. For example, Utahraptor with asymmetrical primaries would not be accepted. Common sense for feathering is a must!

然而，羽毛的放置具有兩面性。我們也會批判地看待那些含有不現(xiàn)實(shí)的大量體表覆羽的插圖。舉個例子，具有不對稱初級飛羽的猶他盜龍不會被接受。關(guān)于羽毛的常識是必須具備的！

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Environment and interaction: All illustrated backgrounds must exhibit some basic knowledge of the kind of environments in which the animals lived. You don't need to look up every Mesozoic plant included in the formation, but some general rules apply: no flowing fields of grass in the Jurassic, no Archaeopteryx in a florid jungle, no clearly modern plants, etc. Likewise, no anachronistic species interacting will be accepted. Interacting animals must be known or inferred from the same formation.

環(huán)境和互動：所有的插圖背景必須顯示一些關(guān)于動物們生存的環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)知識。您不需要查找地層中包含的每一種中生代植物，但要遵守一些基本規(guī)則：侏羅紀(jì)不能有大片草地、具有開花植物的叢林里不應(yīng)該有始祖鳥、不能有明顯的現(xiàn)代植物等等。同理，跨時空的生物互動是不被接受的?；拥膭游锉仨毷且阎幕虼嬖谟谕坏貙拥摹?/p>

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Coloration: No unrealistically-colored or patterned animals will be accepted. Again, common sense is a must. For example, feather iridescence of any kind in taxa depicted without closed-vaned feathers are unlikely at best. For animals where the specific coloration has been studied and published, following these color schemes is a must. For animals where a huge number of specimens are known, like Microraptor, it is sometimes acceptable to deviate from the published coloration if you point out that the species is not intended to be the same species as the one whose pigmentation was studied, the depiction shows a speculative color morph, or if the afflicted individual has a condition such as albinism. However, such submissions would go into the "hypothetical" folder, and works of this kind that contradict known feather coloration principles will not be accepted at all.

自然色彩：顏色或者顏色樣式不可能存在于現(xiàn)實(shí)中的動物不會被接受。再強(qiáng)調(diào)一遍，常識是基本要求。舉個例子，彩虹色的羽毛基本上不可能存在于屬于不具有閉合羽片（注2）的類群的動物身上。對于特有自然色彩已經(jīng)被研究和發(fā)表的動物，必須符合已發(fā)布的色彩分布方案。對于大量標(biāo)本的顏色已知的動物，比如小盜龍，有些時候你指出這個種可能并不是已發(fā)表自然色彩、研究過色素分布的那個種，該作品展示了一種推測的顏色形態(tài)，或者該個體患有諸如白化病的疾病。然而，這些投稿會被分類在“假說”文件夾里，而且這類和已知羽毛自然顏色法則矛盾的作品完全不會被接受。

Because use of carotenoid pigments (colors derived from eating certain foods) in bird feathers is a unique characteristic of the clade Neoaves, no images of non-neoavian feathered dinosaurs will be accepted if they feature pink, bright red, bright orange, bright yellow, or bright green coloration. Dull reds, dull yellows, iridescent green, etc. coloration is acceptable if it is within the range of other pigments.

由于在鳥類羽毛中利用類胡蘿卜素類色素（從食物中獲得的色素）是新鳥類這一演化支的獨(dú)有特征，所以具有粉色、亮紅色、亮橙色、亮黃色、亮綠色的自然色彩的非新鳥類恐龍的圖像不會被接受。暗紅色、暗黃色、彩虹綠色等自然色彩是可以接受的，如果它們屬于其他類別的色素。

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Artistic quality: The purpose of this group is to provide its watchers with the highest-quality selection of feathered dinosaur art on DA. For that reason, meeting every requirement on a simple accuracy checklist will not be enough to admit a piece of artwork. The artist must display a significant understanding of basic artistic principles, shading, texture and composition. Sketches will only be admitted if they are extraordinary in every other way. Colored images with no shading and/or extremely rough texture will likewise often be rejected unless they are otherwise outstanding. Poor scans, scans with wrinkles, bad photographs of artwork, and artwork on lined paper will probably be rejected.

藝術(shù)質(zhì)量：本小組的目的是為關(guān)注者選擇并提供DA站上最高質(zhì)量的羽毛恐龍作品。因此，完成一個簡單的精確性清單上的所有要求不足以使一件作品被承認(rèn)。藝術(shù)家必須展示明顯的對于藝術(shù)基礎(chǔ)原則、明暗法、質(zhì)感、創(chuàng)作的理解。素描只有在其他方面都非常出色才有可能被接受。沒有明暗法、質(zhì)感極其粗糙的有色圖像同理也會被拒絕，除非在其他方面足夠出色。低質(zhì)量的掃描、出現(xiàn)褶皺的掃描、作品的低質(zhì)量相片、條紋紙上的作品幾乎肯定會被拒絕。

In a similar vein, art may also be rejected if it does not convey a certain sense of realism in body shape and position. For example, a textbook-accurate tyrannosaur may be rejected if it is an awkward, unrealistic-looking pose. For further example, a textbook-accurate dromaeosaur may be rejected if its body shape is clearly "reptilian" and conveys no sense of avian grace. We understand that this is something of a subjective criterion and is difficult to qualify, but it is a hallmark of excellent paleoart and we seek to include only the best. Please be aware before submitting artwork that the group has high standards; there are many other paleo-themed DA groups with more lenient requirements that may be worth looking into.

同理，藝術(shù)作品如果沒有表達(dá)現(xiàn)實(shí)中動物身體形態(tài)和姿勢也會被拒絕。舉個例子，一只精確到教科書級的暴龍如果具有一個尷尬、不現(xiàn)實(shí)的姿勢會被拒絕。再舉個例子，一只精確到教科書級的馳龍如果具有一個明顯是“爬行動物”的身體形態(tài)、沒有鳥類的優(yōu)雅感也會被拒絕。我們理解這是一種主觀的評價準(zhǔn)則，而且它很難通過，但這是一個優(yōu)秀古生物藝術(shù)作品的特征，我們追求的就是僅僅包含最優(yōu)秀的作品。在投稿作品之前請注意本小組的要求很高；DA站還會有很多其他值得注意的、要求更寬松的古生物主題小組。

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Humor folder rules: This folder is for cartoons, caricatures, PSAs, comics and general humorous artwork involving feathered dinosaurs. While this folder isn't intended to be strict paleoart, submissions must still be reasonably accurate. Correct feather placement and avoidance of common mistakes is a must, though leniency may be afforded to anachronisms and reasonable degrees of anthropomorphism.

幽默文件夾的要求：該文件夾用于包含涉及羽毛恐龍的卡通、漫畫表現(xiàn)手法、PSA、漫畫、籠統(tǒng)的幽默作品。雖然該文件夾不是為嚴(yán)格的古生物藝術(shù)而建立的，但投稿依然必須遵守適度的準(zhǔn)確性。必須遵守正確的羽毛分布和規(guī)避常見錯誤，雖然寬松的代價可能是時間混亂和合理范圍內(nèi)的擬人化表現(xiàn)。

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Additional rules:附加規(guī)則

No Jurassic Park, DinoCrisis, etc. dinosaurs covered in feathers. NEVER. Those usually are not dinosaurs but monsters.

不能投稿有羽毛的侏羅紀(jì)公園、恐龍危機(jī)等作品的恐龍。永。遠(yuǎn)。不。能。這些一般不是恐龍而是怪物。

No copyrighted material (unless you are the author). If reference was heavily used that does not belong to you, it MUST be cited in your description.

不能投稿有版權(quán)的作品（除非您是作者）。如果使用了大量非原創(chuàng)的參考，必須在您的描述中指出。

No explicit fanart (even from documentaries like Dinosaur Revolution).

不能投稿明確的同人（即使是來自恐龍革命等紀(jì)錄片的）。

No anthropomorphism outside of the humor folder.

投稿在幽默文件夾以外的作品不能出現(xiàn)任何擬人化表現(xiàn)。

External links: Please utilize this reference material!

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外部鏈接：請利用以下參考材料！

骨骼圖和普遍參考Skeletals & general reference:?

https://www.skeletaldrawing.com/

https://www.deviantart.com/deinonychosauria/gallery/31683395/Skeletals-and-anatomy-studies

姿勢和姿態(tài)Poses and positioning:

http://skeletaldrawing.blogspot.com/2011/03/tails-of-woe.html?m=1

http://dinogoss.blogspot.com/2011/05/know-when-to-fold-em.html?m=1（關(guān)于前肢折疊的參考在此，“羽毛納粹強(qiáng)調(diào)要把所有近鳥類前肢折疊到鳥類水平”是一個典型的謠言）

是否需要添加喙？To beak or not to beak?

http://dinogoss.blogspot.com/2011/01/theropods-that-fit-bill.html?m=1

Teeth：http://dinogoss.blogspot.com/2011/04/youre-doing-it-wrong-birds-with-teeth.html?m=1

肌肉系統(tǒng)參考Musculature reference:?

https://www.deviantart.com/tomozaurus/art/Pterygoideus-posterior-example-253155185

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025763

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004532

http://skeletaldrawing.blogspot.com/2011/03/t-rex-baby-got-back.html?m=1

https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-GTT9SKvIJGs/TXh7UOK5-kI/AAAAAAAAEEQ/CZ8tJipitn8/s1600/sue+caudofem+small.jpg

自然顏色Coloration:

http://dinogoss.blogspot.com/2010/10/guide-to-feather-colors.html?m=1

http://z13.invisionfree.com/Hell_Creek/index.php?showtopic=436?(這個好疑似打不開)

對于某些羽毛恐龍的注意事項（伶盜龍、始祖鳥、黃昏鳥）Dos and Don'ts for specific featheries:?

http://dinogoss.blogspot.com/2010/03/youre-doing-it-wrong-1-archaeopteryx.html?m=1

http://dinogoss.blogspot.com/2011/05/restoring-hesperornis.html?m=1

https://www.deviantart.com/tomozaurus/art/Common-errors-for-Velociraptor-178827028

（注1）恥骨靴：某些恐龍恥骨遠(yuǎn)端一個寬的擴(kuò)張。

（注2）閉合的羽片：羽小枝上的羽小溝接觸相鄰羽小枝上的槽，將羽枝鉤聯(lián)在一起的羽片。

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此外，國外也有一些與國內(nèi)類似的關(guān)于羽毛納粹的誤解，但只能追溯到2018年：https://dinosimulator.fandom.com/wiki/Thread:28374?useskin=oasis

而正統(tǒng)羽毛納粹的提出是在2012年：https://www.deviantart.com/chrismasna/art/Heil-Feather-308309216

（這張圖下原有加入小組的通道，小組解散后被修改成前述的靈感來源的鏈接了。）

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以下是一些組員的復(fù)原作品。

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?當(dāng)然，由于小組成立及條款發(fā)布時間為2012年，其中的建議難免存在時效性。例如近年髫髻山組出產(chǎn)的多屬“近鳥龍科”（不一定為單系群）標(biāo)本具有簡化的絲狀羽毛或開放的羽片，顯示基礎(chǔ)傷齒龍科或鳥翼類仍可發(fā)育較為原始階段的羽毛。

由于組員自身知識結(jié)構(gòu)、觀點(diǎn)擇取和語言表達(dá)難免存在局限和側(cè)重，條款也存在其它值得商議之處。例如盡管侏羅紀(jì)被子植物尚無可信的直接化石證據(jù)，但目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的早白堊世被子植物已較為特化，可以肯定被子植物在侏羅紀(jì)已存在，分子鐘甚至指向更早期。因此，條款的舉例中直接拒絕對侏羅紀(jì)顯花植物和類似草地的描寫應(yīng)當(dāng)不妥，可改為需要在作品中提供特設(shè)性的文字說明，或投稿至“假說”文件夾。

無論如何，這些問題都可以通過平和地、有依據(jù)的討論而解決，絕不存在任何簡陋強(qiáng)制的“所有恐龍必須加羽毛”式的錯誤。