原文標(biāo)題：
AI and schools
Teacher’s pet
How ChatGPT could help teachers and lower the cost of college
人工智能與學(xué)校
教師的寵兒
ChatGPT如何幫助教師并降低大學(xué)費(fèi)用

The college essay may be dying, but AI has plenty of upsides in education
大學(xué)論文可能會消亡，但人工智能在教育領(lǐng)域有很大作用

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MANY HAVE mused on how ChatGPT could change the world, not least schools.

許多人都在思考ChatGPT會怎樣改變世界，尤其會怎樣改變學(xué)校教育。

Plenty fear the worst. The college essay has been pronounced dead.

很多人擔(dān)心最壞的情況。大學(xué)論文已宣布消亡。

ChatGPT is causing an educational “crisis”, claims Inside Higher Ed. Maybe so; but ChatGPT could also be a teacher’s friend.

美國高等教育內(nèi)幕稱，ChatGPT導(dǎo)致教育 "危機(jī)"，可能如此；但ChatGPT也可以成為老師的朋友。

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It is easier to see the threat. Users can ask ChatGPT to compare Milton Friedman with Paul Samuelson, and it will create a five-point summary that contrasts their views.
人們更容易看到威脅。用戶可以要求ChatGPT對米爾頓.弗里德曼和保羅.薩繆爾森進(jìn)行比較，會得到5點(diǎn)關(guān)于兩人思想的對比總結(jié)。

Ask it to create a rap about Friedman, and it delivers lines like: “He was an economist with a unique vision / Spittin’ truth about free markets with precision”.
要求它創(chuàng)作一段關(guān)于弗里德曼的說唱歌詞，它會提供這樣的臺詞："他是一位具有獨(dú)特見解的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家/能夠精確地吐露了自由市場的真相"。

This sophistication and creativity worries lots of teachers and schools.
答案的復(fù)雜性和創(chuàng)造性讓很多教師和學(xué)校感到擔(dān)憂。

New York City public schools, America’s largest school district, banned ChatGPT in January, only to reverse the decision in May.
紐約市公立學(xué)校是美國最大的學(xué)區(qū)，它在1月份禁用了ChatGPT，但在5月份又撤銷了這一決定。

Some universities abroad have banned its use.
國外的一些大學(xué)已經(jīng)禁止其使用。

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“Initially…everybody was thinking that the sky was falling,” says Jonathan Torres, an assistant professor of English at Quinnipiac University in Connecticut.
康涅狄格州昆尼皮亞克大學(xué)的英語助理教授喬納森.托雷斯說:"最初......每個人都認(rèn)為天要塌下來。"

He also trains teachers at Quinnipiac, and argues that AI can push them to become better.
他也是昆尼皮亞克的師訓(xùn)老師，他認(rèn)為人工智能可以幫助老師們變得優(yōu)秀。

For example, before ChatGPT came along, an economics teacher might ask pupils to write an essay describing Keynesianism.
例如，在ChatGPT出現(xiàn)之前，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)老師可能會要求學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于凱恩斯主義的文章。

With ChatGPT as an option, the teacher might ask the students to assess and revise the chatbot’s response to the same question—a more difficult task.
如果可以選擇ChatGPT，老師可能會要求學(xué)生評估和修改聊天機(jī)器人對同一問題的回答--這是一項(xiàng)更難的任務(wù)。

AIs have other practical uses for teachers. They can help write lesson plans and worksheets at different reading levels and even in different languages.
對教師來說，人工智能還有其他實(shí)際用途。它們可以幫助老師們寫各種教案和工作表，以適用不同閱讀水平的學(xué)生，甚至可以用不同的語言。

They can also cut down the time spent on duties, such as writing recommendation letters, that devour time that could be spent teaching.
它們還可以減少老師們花在寫推薦信等職責(zé)上的時間，這些時間占用了本可以用于教學(xué)的時間。

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Some organisations are going even further.
一些組織甚至更進(jìn)一步。

Khan Academy, an education non-profit, recently launched a pilot of Khanmigo, its virtual guide that uses GPT-4, the latest upgrade of ChatGPT, to support pupils and teachers.
可汗學(xué)院是一家非營利教育機(jī)構(gòu)，最近啟動了 Khanmigo 的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，它的虛擬指南使用了GPT-4（ChatGPT的最新升級版），支持學(xué)生端和教師端。

If pupils gets a wrong answer to a maths problem, the chatbot helps them solve it on their own.
如果學(xué)生答錯了數(shù)學(xué)題，他們可以使用聊天機(jī)器人來解答這個題目。

In science, the program evaluates open-ended questions. In English class, it asks pupils questions about their essays. And in history, a pupil can debate with the bot to prepare for an in-class discussion.
在科學(xué)課上，該程序會評估開放式問題。在英語課上，它會問學(xué)生有關(guān)他們論文的問題。在歷史課上，學(xué)生可以與機(jī)器人辯論，為課堂討論做準(zhǔn)備。

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The program provides teachers with a report on their pupils’ activities.
該程序向教師提供有關(guān)學(xué)生活動的報(bào)告。

Khanmigo can help teachers create lessons and test pupils’ knowledge afterwards. It can support pupils in different languages.
Khanmigo可以幫助教師創(chuàng)建課程并設(shè)置課后測試題。它可以支持不同語言的學(xué)生。

It even allows pupils to “talk” to historical figures or literary characters via simulations.
它甚至允許學(xué)生通過模擬形式與歷史人物或文學(xué)人物 "對話"。

“This gives us the opportunity to give every student a one-on-one tutor, every teacher a teaching assistant, and more,” says Sal Khan, the founder of Khan Academy.
可汗學(xué)院的創(chuàng)始人薩爾.可汗說："這讓我們有機(jī)會為每個學(xué)生提供一對一輔導(dǎo)，為每個老師提供助教等等?！?br>
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For those in charge of school and college administrations the benefits are, if anything, clearer.
對學(xué)校和學(xué)院管理者來說，好處更加明顯。

David Harris, president of Union College, a liberal-arts college in New York state, decided to play around with ChatGPT.
聯(lián)合學(xué)院是紐約州的一所文理學(xué)院，該院長大衛(wèi).哈里斯決定嘗試使用 ChatGPT。

He asked it to write a letter announcing that the college would no longer require the covid-19 booster jab after the spring term.
他要求ChatGPT寫一封信，宣布該學(xué)院在春季學(xué)期后將不再要求新冠疫苗加強(qiáng)針。

The results were good enough for him to show examples to each of his senior staff—a letter to students about changing the campus mascot for his communications director, an Instagram post for campus photos on spring break, a final warning for an employee with chronic lateness for human resources.
他對結(jié)果很滿意，他把這些結(jié)果發(fā)給每個高級員工--例如給通信主任一封寫給學(xué)生關(guān)于改變校園吉祥物的信，關(guān)于春假校園照片的Instagram帖子，給人事部一封關(guān)于經(jīng)常遲到員工的最后警告信。

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Dr Harris is excited about what all this could mean for college costs.

哈里斯博士對于這個可能會對大學(xué)費(fèi)用產(chǎn)生的影響感到非常興奮。

Many universities, including Union College, Stanford University and others, will charge about $80,000 a year next year for tuition, room and board.
諸如聯(lián)合學(xué)院、斯坦福大學(xué)等大學(xué)明年將收取大約 8萬美元的學(xué)費(fèi)、食宿費(fèi)。

In 2021 the median household income in America was $71,000.
而2021年美國的家庭收入中位數(shù)是7.1萬美元。

College administration in America has become bloated. AI could eliminate the need for some of these jobs, and maybe enable colleges to pass savings on to students.
美國的大學(xué)管理崗位臃腫。人工智能可以精簡一些崗位，大學(xué)成本降低或許能夠幫助學(xué)生節(jié)省費(fèi)用。

ChatGPT may have killed the college essay, but with all its potential in and out of the classroom, perhaps that is OK.
ChatGPT可能使大學(xué)論文消亡，但憑借其課堂內(nèi)外的潛在作用，或許使用它也無妨。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量678左右）
原文出自：2023年6月17日《The Economist》United States版塊

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
米爾頓·弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）生于1912年，逝世于2006年。弗里德曼以其自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論和貨幣政策觀點(diǎn)而聞名。弗里德曼認(rèn)為，自由市場是最有效的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，可以提供最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和個人自由。他主張政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)的程度應(yīng)該盡量小，市場的自由競爭可以產(chǎn)生最佳的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)果。弗里德曼還曾獲得1976年的諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎，以表彰其對貨幣理論和經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的貢獻(xiàn)。

保羅·薩繆爾森（Paul Samuelson）他生于1915年，逝世于2009年。薩繆爾森是現(xiàn)代宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的奠基人之一，被譽(yù)為“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之父”。薩繆爾森的最重要的貢獻(xiàn)之一是他的著作《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》（Economics: An Introductory Analysis），該書被廣泛使用于全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教育，影響了幾代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)生。薩繆爾森于1970年獲得諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎，以表彰他對現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的貢獻(xiàn)。

凱恩斯主義Keynesianism是以英國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯（John Maynard Keynes）為基礎(chǔ)的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論和政策。凱恩斯主義在20世紀(jì)30年代的大蕭條時期崛起，并在二戰(zhàn)后的重建時期取得了廣泛的影響。凱恩斯主義主張通過增加政府支出、降低利率和實(shí)施貨幣寬松政策等手段來刺激消費(fèi)和投資，從而提高總需求，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。凱恩斯主義強(qiáng)調(diào)政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的角色。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3個）
This sophistication and creativity worries lots of teachers and schools.
答案的復(fù)雜性和創(chuàng)造性讓很多教師和學(xué)校感到擔(dān)憂。

With ChatGPT as an option, the teacher might ask the students to assess and revise the chatbot’s response to the same question—a more difficult task.
如果可以選擇ChatGPT，老師可能會要求學(xué)生評估和修改聊天機(jī)器人對同一問題的回答--這是一項(xiàng)更困難的任務(wù)。

For those in charge of school and college administrations the benefits are, if anything, clearer.
對學(xué)校和學(xué)院管理者來說，好處更加明顯。