康斯坦丁沙皇是帝國時代2決定版保加利亞戰(zhàn)役伊瓦伊洛中登場的角色，出現(xiàn)在游戲里的第一關(guān)，由于國內(nèi)關(guān)于康斯坦丁沙皇的資料記載不多，于是決定搬運(yùn)并進(jìn)行翻譯，翻譯水平有限，如果有錯誤歡迎大家指正。

Konstantin Tih?(Bulgarian:?Константин Тих Асен;?fl.?1257–77) or?Constantine I Tikh?(Константин I), was the?tsar of Bulgaria?from 1257 to 1277.

康斯坦丁·蒂赫（或稱康斯坦丁一世·蒂赫），是1257年到1277年在位的保加利亞沙皇。

Konstantin Tih was a wealthy Bulgarian?boyar?(or nobleman) whose estates were located in the region of?Sofia?or Skopje.Konstantin stated in his charter to the Saint George Monastery near?Skopje?that?Stefan Nemanja of Serbia?was his grandfather.?The Byzantine historian,?George Pachymeres, described him as a "half-Serbian".?He could have been related to the?Serbian royal house?through either his mother or father.?If he was a?patrilinear?relative of Nemanja, his father, Tih, may have been the son of Nemanja's brother,?Tihomir, according to historian?Srdjan Pirivatri?.?Pirivatri??and other scholars?also say, Konstantin may have been a son or a nephew of the Bulgarian boyar John Tihomir, who controlled Skopje in the late 12th century. If Konstantin was related to the Serbian royal house through his mother, a daughter or a niece of Nemanja must have been his mother.

康斯坦丁·蒂赫是保加利亞的波雅爾（一作波耶，東歐地區(qū)的一種貴族的稱呼），其莊園位于索非亞或斯科普里地區(qū)。?康斯坦丁在給斯科普里附近的圣喬治修道院的憲章中聲明，塞爾維亞的斯特凡·尼曼雅是他的祖先。拜占庭歷史學(xué)家喬治烏斯·帕西邁利斯稱他為"半個塞爾維亞人"。 因?yàn)楦改傅木壒?，他可能與塞爾維亞王室有親戚關(guān)系。?根據(jù)歷史學(xué)家斯?fàn)栒病てだ锿咛乩锲娴恼f法，如果他是尼曼雅的父系親戚，他的父親蒂赫可能是尼曼雅的兄弟蒂霍米爾的兒子。?皮里瓦特里奇和其他學(xué)者也說， 康斯坦丁可能是保加利亞的波雅爾約翰 · 蒂霍米爾的兒子或侄子， 他在于12 世紀(jì)末控制了斯科普里。如果康斯坦丁通過他的母親與塞爾維亞王室有親戚關(guān)系，他的母親一定是尼曼雅的女兒或侄女。

上位之路

Konstantin Tih mounted the Bulgarian throne after the death of?Michael II Asen,but the circumstances of his ascension are obscure.Michael Asen was murdered by his cousin,?Kaliman?in late 1256 or early 1257.?Before long, Kaliman was also killed, and the male line of the?Asen dynasty?died out.

康斯坦丁·蒂赫在米哈伊爾二世·阿森去世后登上成為保加利亞沙皇，但他的當(dāng)上沙皇的過程尚不清楚。米哈伊爾二世·阿森于1256年末或1257年初被他的堂兄卡里曼謀殺。不久，卡里曼也被謀殺了，阿森王朝的男性繼承人血脈也隨之消亡。

Rostislav Mikhailovich,?Duke of Macsó?(who was Michael and Kaliman's father-in-law), and the boyar?Mitso?(who was Michael's brother-in-law), laid claim to Bulgaria.Rostislav captured?Vidin, Mitso held sway over southeastern Bulgaria, but none of them could secure the support of the boyars who controlled?Tarnovo.?The latter offered the throne Konstantin who accepted the election.

米哈伊爾二世和卡里曼的岳父，馬克索大公羅斯蒂斯拉夫·米哈伊洛維奇和米哈伊爾二世的姐夫，波雅爾米特索對保加利亞分別宣示了主權(quán)。羅斯蒂斯拉夫占領(lǐng)了維丁，米特索控制了保加利亞東南部，但他們中沒有一人能夠獲得控制大特爾諾沃的波雅爾們的支持。波雅爾們決定推舉康斯坦丁坐上保加利亞沙皇的位置上。

Konstantin divorced his first wife (whose name is unknown), and married?Irene Doukaina Laskarina?in 1258.Irene was the daughter of?Theodore II Laskaris,?emperor of Nicaea, and?Elena of Bulgaria, a daughter of?Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria.?The marriage with a descendant of the Bulgarian royal family strengthened his position.He was thereafter called Konstantin Asen.The marriage also forged an alliance between Bulgaria and Nicaea,which was confirmed one or two years later, when the Byzantine historian and official?George Akropolites?came to Tarnovo.

康斯坦丁與第一任妻子（姓名不詳）離婚，并于1258年與伊琳娜·杜卡伊娜·拉斯卡里娜結(jié)婚。伊琳娜是尼西亞皇帝提奧多雷二世和保加利亞伊凡·阿森二世的女兒——保加利亞的埃琳娜兩人的女兒。與保加利亞皇室后裔的聯(lián)姻鞏固了康斯坦丁的地位。此后，他被稱為康斯坦丁·阿森。這一婚姻也在加強(qiáng)了保加利亞和尼西亞之間的聯(lián)盟，一年或兩年后，拜占庭歷史學(xué)家和官員喬治·阿克洛普利斯來到大特諾沃時證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。

與匈牙利的沖突

Rostislav Mikhailovich invaded Bulgaria with Hungarian assistance in 1259. In the following year, Rostislav left his duchy to join the campaign of his father-in-law, Béla IV of Hungary, against Bohemia.Taking advantage of Rostislav's absence, Konstantin broke into his realm and reoccupied Vidin.He also sent an army to attack the Banate of Severin, but the Hungarian commander, Lawrence, fought the invaders off.

1259年，羅斯蒂斯拉夫·米哈伊洛維奇在匈牙利的協(xié)助下入侵保加利亞。第二年，羅斯蒂斯拉夫離開了他的公國，參加了他的岳父——匈牙利的貝拉四世國王（登場于庫曼可泰安汗戰(zhàn)役，蒙古入侵時的匈牙利國王，是他邀請了可泰安汗到匈牙利避難）對抗波希米亞的戰(zhàn)役。利用羅斯蒂斯拉夫外出之際，康斯坦丁進(jìn)攻了他的領(lǐng)地，重新占領(lǐng)了維丁。他還派遣軍隊(duì)襲擊了塞維林的班納特，但匈牙利指揮官勞倫斯擊退了入侵者。

The Bulgarian invasion of Severin outraged Béla IV.Soon after he concluded a peace treaty with Ottokar II of Bohemia in March 1261, Hungarian troops stormed into Bulgaria under the command of Béla IV's son and heir, Stephen.They captured Vidin and besieged Lom on the Lower Danube,but they were unable to bring Konstantin to a pitched battle, because he withdrew to Tarnovo.The Hungarian army left Bulgaria before the end of the year, but the campaign restored northwestern Bulgaria to Rostislav.

保加利亞入侵塞韋林的事情激怒了貝拉四世。1261年3月，他與波希米亞的奧托卡二世簽訂和平條約，不久后匈牙利軍隊(duì)在貝拉四世的兒子和繼承人伊什特萬的指揮下沖入保加利亞。他們占領(lǐng)了維丁，并圍困了多瑙河下游的洛姆，但他們無法把康斯坦丁卷入混戰(zhàn)之中，因?yàn)樗坊氐搅舜筇貭栔Z沃。匈牙利軍隊(duì)在年底前離開了保加利亞，但這次戰(zhàn)役將保加利亞西北部給了羅斯蒂斯拉夫。

與拜占庭帝國的戰(zhàn)爭

Konstantin's?minor?brother-in-law,?John IV Laskaris, was dethroned and blinded by his former guardian and co-ruler,?Michael VIII Palaiologos, before the end of 1261.?Michael VIII's army had occupied?Constantinople?already in July, thus the coup made him the sole ruler of the restored?Byzantine Empire.?The rebirth of the empire changed the traditional relations between the powers of the?Balkan Peninsula.Furthermore, Konstantine's wife decided to take vengeance of her brother's mutilation and persuaded Konstantine to turn against Michael.

康斯坦丁的舅子約翰四世·拉斯卡里斯在1261年底前被他的攝政和共治皇帝米哈伊爾八世·巴列奧略廢黜并刺瞎。米哈伊爾八世的軍隊(duì)于7月占領(lǐng)了君士坦丁堡，因此這一次政變使他成為恢復(fù)拜占庭帝國的唯一統(tǒng)治者。拜占庭的復(fù)國改變了巴爾干半島列強(qiáng)之間的傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系。此外，康斯坦丁的妻子決定報(bào)復(fù)米哈伊爾八世對她兄弟的殘害，并說服康斯坦丁轉(zhuǎn)而反對米哈伊爾八世。

Mitso, who still held southeastern Bulgaria, made an alliance with the Byzantines, but another powerful nobleman,?Jacob Svetoslav, who had taken control of the southwestern region, was loyal to Konstantine.Benefiting from a war between the Byzantine Empire, the?Republic of Venice,?Achaea?and?Epirus, Konstantine invaded Thrace and captured Stanimaka and Philippopolis (now?Asenovgrad?and?Plovdiv?in Bulgaria) in the autumn of 1262.?Mitso was also forced to flee to Mesembria (now?Nesebar?in Bulgaria).After Konstantine laid siege to the town, Mitso sought assistance from the Byzantines, offering to surrender Mesembria to them in exchange for landed property in the Byzantine Empire.Michael VIII accepted the offer and sent?Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes?to help Mitso in 1263.

仍然控制保加利亞東南部的米特索與拜占庭人結(jié)盟，但另一位控制了西南地區(qū)的強(qiáng)大貴族雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫?qū)邓固苟⌒е摇５靡嬗诎菡纪サ蹏?、威尼斯共和國、亞該亞和伊庇魯斯之間的戰(zhàn)爭，1262年秋，康斯坦丁入侵色雷斯，占領(lǐng)了斯坦尼馬卡和菲利波波利斯（現(xiàn)保加利亞的阿塞諾夫格勒和普洛夫迪夫，菲利波波利斯在阿提拉戰(zhàn)役第三關(guān)出現(xiàn)過）。米特索也被迫逃往梅森布里亞（現(xiàn)保加利亞的內(nèi)塞伯爾，庫曼可泰安汗戰(zhàn)役里面保加利亞要收復(fù)的城市）。康斯坦丁圍困該城后，米特索尋求拜占庭人的援助，米哈伊爾八世接受了這一求助，并于1263年派遣米哈伊爾·格拉巴斯·塔查奈奧特斯（伊瓦伊洛第四關(guān)開場發(fā)話要抓伊瓦伊洛的那位拜占庭將軍）幫助米特索。

A second Byzantine army stormed into Thrace and recaptured Stanimaka and Philippopolis.After seizing Mesembria from Mitso, Glabas Tarchaneiotes continued his campaign along the?Black Sea?and occupied Agathopolis, Sozopolis and Anchialos (now?Ahtopol,?Sozopol?and?Pomorie?in Bulgaria).Meanwhile, the Byzantine fleet took control of?Vicina?and other ports at the?Danube Delta.Glabas Tarchaneiotes attacked Jacob Svetoslav who could only resist with Hungarian assistance, thus he accepted Béla IV's suzerainty.

一時間拜占庭軍隊(duì)沖入色雷斯，奪回了斯坦尼馬卡和菲利波波利斯。從米特索手中奪取了梅森布里亞后，格拉巴斯·塔查奈奧特斯繼續(xù)沿黑海作戰(zhàn)，占領(lǐng)了阿加索波利斯、索佐波利斯和安奇亞洛斯（現(xiàn)保加利亞的阿托波爾、索佐波爾和波莫里）與此同時，拜占庭艦隊(duì)控制了維奇納和多瑙河三角洲的其他港口。格拉巴斯·塔查奈奧特斯襲擊了雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫，后者只能在匈牙利的協(xié)助下抵抗，因?yàn)樗邮芰素惱氖赖淖谥鳈?quán)。

As a consequence of the war with the Byzantines, by the end of 1263, Bulgaria lost significant territories to his two principal enemies, the Byzantine Empire and Hungary.Konstantin could only seek assistance from the Tatars of the?Golden Horde?to put an end to his isolation.?The Tatar?khans?had been the?overlords?of the Bulgarian monarchs for almost two decades, although their rule was only formal.?A former?Sultan of Rum,?Kaykaus II, who had been imprisoned at Michael VIII's order, also wanted to regain his throne with the Tatars' help.One of his uncles was a prominent leader of the Golden Horde and he sent messages to him to persuade the Tatars to invade the Byzantine Empire with Bulgarian assistance.According to the Byzantine historian,?Nicephorus Gregoras, Kaykaus also approached Konstantin, offering much money to him if he came to release him.

因?yàn)楹桶菡纪ト说膽?zhàn)爭，到1263年底，保加利亞被它的兩個的主要敵人，拜占庭和匈牙利奪去了許多主要的領(lǐng)土?？邓固苟≈荒芟蚪饚ず箛捻^靼人尋求幫助，以結(jié)束他的孤立狀態(tài)。近二十年來保加利亞沙皇一直是韃靼可汗的附庸，盡管保加利亞沙皇的統(tǒng)治是正式的。前羅姆蘇丹凱考斯二世曾在米哈伊爾八世的命令下被監(jiān)禁，他還想在韃靼人的幫助下重新奪回王位。他的一個叔叔是金帳汗國的著名領(lǐng)袖，他給他的叔叔發(fā)了送信，說服韃靼人在保加利亞的幫助下入侵拜占庭帝國。拜占庭歷史學(xué)家尼斯福魯斯·格雷戈拉斯說，凱考斯也接觸了康斯坦丁，如果康斯坦丁能夠來幫助釋放他，就給康斯坦丁大筆酬金。

Thousands of Tatars crossed the frozen Lower Danube to invade the Byzantine Empire in late 1264.?Konstantin soon joined them,?although he had fallen from a horse and broken his leg.?The united Tatar and Bulgarian armies launched a sudden attack against Michael VIII who was returning from?Thessaly?to Constantinople, but they could not capture the emperor.?Konstantin laid siege the Byzantine fortress of Ainos (now?Enez?in Turkey), forcing the defenders to surrender.?The Byzantines also agreed to release Kaykaus (who soon left for the Golden Horde), but his family was kept imprisoned even thereafter.

1264年末，數(shù)千名韃靼人穿越冰凍的多瑙河下游入侵拜占庭帝國。盡管康斯坦丁從馬上摔下來摔斷了腿。但他很快加入了他們的軍隊(duì)。韃靼—保加利亞聯(lián)軍對從塞薩利返回君士坦丁堡的米哈伊爾八世發(fā)動了突然襲擊，但他們未能俘虜皇帝?？邓固苟“鼑税菡纪サ陌Z斯要塞（現(xiàn)在土耳其的埃內(nèi)斯），迫使守軍投降。拜占庭人也同意釋放凱考斯（凱考斯很快就去了金帳汗國），但他的家人卻一直被關(guān)押在監(jiān)獄里。

大廈之傾

Konstantine's alliance with the Tatars strengthened his position.Jacob Svetoslav again accepted his suzerainty.Taking advantage of a civil war in Hungary, Jacob Svetoslav also invaded the Banate of Severin.The Hungarian civil war ended with the division of the country between Béla IV and Stephen in March 1266. Stephen launched a military campaign against Bulgaria and captured Vidin in June. Konstantin tried to resist, but the Hungarians defeated his army and plundered the region of Tarnovo.The Hungarians captured Pleven and other fortresses on the Danube and forced Jacob Svetoslav to again do homage to Stephen.Thereafter Jacob Svetoslav was styled as "emperor of Bulgaria" in the Hungarian royal charters.

康斯坦丁與韃靼人結(jié)盟鞏固了他的地位。雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫再次承認(rèn)了他的宗主權(quán)。趁匈牙利內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之際，雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫也入侵了塞韋林的巴納特。1266年3月，隨著貝拉四世和伊什特萬之間的決裂，匈牙利內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束。伊什特萬對保加利亞發(fā)動了軍事行動，并于6月占領(lǐng)了維丁。康斯坦丁試圖抵抗，但匈牙利人打敗了他的軍隊(duì)并掠奪了大特爾諾沃地區(qū)。匈牙利人占領(lǐng)了普列文和多瑙河上的其他要塞，迫使雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫再次向伊什特萬屈服。此后，雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫在匈牙利皇家憲章中被稱為“保加利亞皇帝”。

Charles I of Anjou and Baldwin II, the dispossessed Latin emperor of Constantinople, made an alliance against the Byzantine Empire in 1267.To prevent Bulgaria from joining the anti-Byzantine coalition, Michael VIII offered his niece, Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene, to the widowed Konstantin in 1268.The emperor also pledged that he would return Mesembria and Anchialos to Bulgaria as her dowry if she gave birth to a son.Konstantin married Maria, but Michael VIII broke his promise and did not renounce the two towns after the birth of Konstantin and Maria's son, Michael. Outraged by the emperor's betrayal, Konstantin sent envoys to Charles to Naples in September 1271. The negotiations continued during the following years, showing that Konstantin was willing to support Charles against the Byzantines.

1267年，安茹的查理一世和被搶去君士坦丁堡和土地的拉丁皇帝鮑德溫二世結(jié)成反拜占庭聯(lián)盟。為了阻止保加利亞加入反拜占庭聯(lián)盟，1268年，米哈伊爾八世將他的侄女瑪麗亞·巴列奧略·坎塔庫澤努斯嫁給了康斯坦丁。皇帝向寡居的康斯坦丁保證，如果她生了一個兒子，他將把梅森布里亞和安切洛斯作為她的嫁妝歸還保加利亞?？邓固苟∪⒘爽旣悂啠坠翣柊耸肋`背了他的諾言，在康斯坦丁和瑪麗亞的兒子米哈伊爾出生后，他沒有放棄這兩個城鎮(zhèn)?？邓固苟实鄣谋撑迅械綉嵟?271年9月派遣特使前往那不勒斯與查理進(jìn)行談判。談判在隨后的幾年中繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，康斯坦丁表明愿意支持查理對抗拜占庭人。

Konstantin broke into Thrace in 1271 or 1272, but Michael VIII persuaded Nogai, the dominant figure in the westernmost territory of the Golden Horde, to invade Bulgaria. The Tatars plundered the country, forcing Konstantin to return and abandon his claim to the two towns. Nogai set up his capital in Isaccea near the Danube Delta, thus he could easily attack Bulgaria.

康斯坦丁于1271年或1272年攻入色雷斯，但米哈伊爾八世說服了那海（伊瓦伊洛后期的大Boss）入侵保加利亞，那海是金帳汗國最西端領(lǐng)土上的主要人物。韃靼人掠奪保加利亞，迫使康斯坦丁折返并放棄對這兩個城鎮(zhèn)的所有權(quán)。那海在多瑙河三角洲附近的伊薩切亞建立了他的首都，從而他可以輕易地攻擊保加利亞。

Konstantin had been seriously injured after a riding accident and could not move without assistance, because he was paralyzed from the waist down. His ambitious wife took control of the government. After Michael VIII's envoys accepted Pope Gregory X's proposal to a church union at the Second Council of Lyon in summer 1274, she became one of the leading opponents of the union. She even tried to persuade Baibars, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, to attack the Byzantine Empire. Maria was also determined to secure the throne to her son. Jacob Svetoslav, however, had a strong claim to succeed Konstantin, because his wife was a granddaughter of Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. Maria first adopted Jacob Svetoslav to persuade him to acknowledge her son's right to the throne, but later she had him poisoned.?She?also had other noblemen captured or executed, which made Konstantin's rule.

康斯坦丁在一次騎馬事故中受了重傷，因?yàn)樗恳韵陆匕c，在沒有幫助的情況下無法移動。他雄心勃勃的妻子控制了中央。1274年夏天，米哈伊爾八世的使節(jié)接受了教皇格里高利十世（長腿愛德華在十字軍東征時期的戰(zhàn)友，維斯康提家族的成員）在里昂第二屆議會上提出的建立教會聯(lián)盟的建議后，瑪麗亞成為該聯(lián)盟的主要反對者之一，她甚至試圖說服埃及馬穆魯克蘇丹拜伯爾斯（不列顛長腿愛德華戰(zhàn)役第二關(guān)的綠色敵方勢力）攻擊拜占庭帝國，瑪麗亞還決心把王位留給她的兒子。然而，雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫強(qiáng)烈要求繼承康斯坦丁的王位，因?yàn)樗钠拮邮潜＜永麃喴练病ぐ⑸赖膶O女。瑪麗亞首先收養(yǎng)了雅各布·斯維托斯拉夫，以說服他承認(rèn)她兒子的王位權(quán)利，但后來她毒死了他（這就是為什么伊瓦伊洛第二關(guān)過場劇情里提到瑪麗亞毒死了一位有權(quán)勢的波雅爾）。她還逮捕或處決了其他貴族，這使得康斯坦丁的統(tǒng)治不得人心。

The paralyzed Konstantin could not prevent Nogai's Tatars from making regular plundering raids against Bulgaria.?The local inhabitants of the regions which were most exposed to the Tatar raids had to organize the defense without the monarch's support.

癱瘓的康斯坦丁無法阻止那海的韃靼人定期對保加利亞進(jìn)行掠奪性襲擊。受到韃靼襲擊最嚴(yán)重地區(qū)的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癫坏貌辉跊]有君主支持的情況下組織防御。（所以像伊瓦伊洛等農(nóng)民只能自發(fā)組織民兵隊(duì)來對抗韃靼人的侵?jǐn)_，而波雅爾卻醉生夢死，魚肉百姓）

Due to the expensive and unsuccessful wars, repeated Mongol raids, and economic instability (Constantine was the first Bulgarian ruler to mint his own coins on a vast scale), the government was faced with a?revolt in 1277.?The social and economic aspects of this movement have been stressed by Marxist historians,?but its true character is elusive. What is clear is that a swineherd or swine-owner named?Ivaylo?became a leader of the discontented and attracted many (presumably mostly lower-class)?followers, asserting his control over a significant area.?Constantine set out against?Ivaylo?with his guard, but was decisively defeated and slain in his chariot.

由于代價(jià)高昂且失敗的戰(zhàn)爭（第一關(guān)劇情提到“新王給保加利亞帶來和平”，大霧）蒙古人的多次襲擊和經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定（康斯坦丁是第一位大規(guī)模鑄造自己貨幣的保加利亞統(tǒng)治者），中央在1277年面臨叛亂。馬克思主義歷史學(xué)家著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了這場運(yùn)動的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，但其真正性質(zhì)仍不明確。很明顯的是，一個名叫伊瓦伊洛（保加利亞戰(zhàn)役的主角）的豬倌或養(yǎng)豬主成為了不滿情緒的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，吸引了許多（許多人大概是是下層階級）追隨者，聲稱他控制了一個重要地區(qū)?？邓固苟е男l(wèi)隊(duì)出發(fā)對決伊瓦伊洛，但被徹底擊敗，并在他的戰(zhàn)車中被殺。（伊瓦伊洛第一關(guān)結(jié)尾劇情，因?yàn)閎ibi太多伊瓦伊洛，所以反派死于話多，大霧）