原文標(biāo)題：
Climate change and biodiversity
The laws of nature
Why climate change is intimately tied to biodiversity
氣候變化與生物多樣性
自然法則
為何氣候變化與生物多樣性緊密聯(lián)系
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There is a financial case?for investing in biodiversity
生物多樣性投資具有經(jīng)濟(jì)意義
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[1]
The natural world is a source of beauty and wonder, but it also provides humans with essential services.
自然界不僅是美麗與奇跡的源泉，亦是人類賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。
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Jungles, savannahs and mangroves act as buffers against infectious diseases and storm surges.
叢林、大草原和紅樹林抵御著傳染病和風(fēng)暴潮。
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Forests channel?moisture into rivers that irrigate crops, while their roots prevent landslides.
森林將水分匯入河流，灌溉莊稼，同時(shí)它們的根部可阻擋滑坡。
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At a gathering on Monday in Montreal, 196 governments from around the world pledged to protect and restore 30% or more of the Earth’s water and land by 2030.
周一于蒙特利爾舉行的一次會(huì)議上，來自世界各地的196個(gè)政府承諾到2030年保護(hù)并恢復(fù)地球上30%及以上的水土資源。
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[2]
Lofty promises about preserving the world’s biodiversity have been made and broken many times before.
類似的關(guān)于保護(hù)地球生物多樣性的空頭支票早已有之。
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One step towards avoiding yet more disappointment is to emphasise the close link between preserving biodiversity and the widely held goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions.
為避免再次期望落空，需要強(qiáng)調(diào)生物多樣性和達(dá)到凈零碳排放普世目標(biāo)之間的緊密聯(lián)系。
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[3]
The destruction of natural environments is depressing, relentless?and hard to ignore.
自然環(huán)境日漸惡化,無絲毫減弱之意，已至難以忽視之境。
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The area of coral reefs has halved since the 1950s and the rate of loss is accelerating.
自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，珊瑚礁的面積縮小了一半，并仍在加速縮減。
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Some 10m hectares of forest are lost worldwide every year.
全球各地每年約有1000萬公頃的森林遭到破壞。
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Less known is the link between biodiversity and climate change.
生物多樣性和氣候變化之間的聯(lián)系更是少有人知。
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Each year more than a quarter of the carbon dioxide emitted by industry and agriculture is absorbed by natural ecosystems.

每年工農(nóng)業(yè)排放的二氧化碳中有1/4以上被自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)吸收。

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[4]
Around the world, investment in the energy transition?is accelerating.
全球在能源轉(zhuǎn)型上的投資不斷增加。
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Spending in 2022 on clean energy, for example, should reach $1.4trn, roughly a fifth above the pre-pandemic level.
例如，2022年在清潔能源上的花費(fèi)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了 1.4萬億，這大約是疫情前水平的 1/5。?
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Scores of countries and thousands of big companies have plans to get to net-zero emissions within the next 20-30 years.
許多國家和成千上百的大企業(yè)計(jì)劃在接下來的20年到30年間實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放。?
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Given that biodiversity has an important role in meeting these carbon-reduction goals, you might think that it would feature?highly in these plans.
考慮到生物多樣性在實(shí)現(xiàn)減碳目標(biāo)上發(fā)揮著重要作用，你可能會(huì)以為生物多樣性是這些計(jì)劃的重要內(nèi)容。
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[5]
Not so. For example, Joe Biden’s chief piece of climate legislation, the Inflation Reduction Act, contains about $400bn of subsidies for clean energy and other initiatives?yet has too little to say about biodiversity.
其實(shí)不然。比如喬·拜登的氣候立法的首要文件《美國降低通貨膨脹法案》，其中包括投入約4000億美元用于清潔能源和其他倡議，但很少提及生物多樣性。?
Faced with tighter regulation of emissions and carbon-pricing schemes, many bosses are now dedicating more time and cash to cutting their firms’ carbon footprints.
面對愈發(fā)嚴(yán)格的排放規(guī)定和碳定價(jià)機(jī)制，現(xiàn)在許多老板把更多的時(shí)間和資金投入到減少他們公司碳足跡足跡上。
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But most still regard biodiversity as a nice-to-have luxury that is far beyond their.
但更多的是將生物多樣性視作遠(yuǎn)超出他們職責(zé)范圍的奢侈品。
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[6]
That needs to change.
這亟需改變。
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Safeguarding biodiversity is an efficient way to control carbon emissions.
保護(hù)生物多樣性是控制碳排放的有效方法。

More of the rising amounts of government spending being thrown at mitigating and adapting to climate change should be spent on it.

政府在緩解和適應(yīng)氣候變化上投入大量資金，這部分資金應(yīng)該更多地用在生物多樣性保護(hù)上。

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[7]
In addition, companies and investment firms that are allocating huge sums to developing clean-energy sources, re-engineering industrial processes and developing carbon-capture technologies should pay more attention to the opportunities from preserving ecosystems.
此外，許多企業(yè)和投資公司分配了大量金額去開發(fā)清潔能源、重新規(guī)劃工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展碳捕捉技術(shù)，而它們更應(yīng)該把注意力放在保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上。
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By investing in biodiversity—directing capital to projects that repair an ecosystem, for example—companies can offset their emissions.
把資金投入到像恢復(fù)一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)這樣的項(xiàng)目上，公司就可以用投資生物多樣性來抵消排放。?
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By some estimates, schemes to manage carbon-rich peatlands and wetlands and to reforest cleared land could provide more than one-third of the emissions reductions that are needed to prevent more than 2°C of global warming.
據(jù)估計(jì)，管理碳豐富的泥炭地和濕地和在空地上重新造林的計(jì)劃可以減少1/3以上的排放量，而這些減排量可抵消2°C以上的全球氣候變暖。?
[8]
Key to marshalling more capital is better measurement, so that the link between investment in natural projects, biodiversity and carbon is made clear.

投入更多資金的關(guān)鍵是有更好的措施，這樣自然項(xiàng)目投資、生物多樣性和碳排放之間的聯(lián)系就很明確。

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Today some so-called carbon-offset schemes that involve firms paying money to, say, plant a forest, are dubious?and opaque—and belong to the realm of con-artists and scams rather than science.
如今一些所謂的碳抵消計(jì)劃包括公司投入更多的資金去，比如說，種一片森林，這種計(jì)劃并不可靠且令人費(fèi)解--不過是騙子的把戲而非科學(xué)。
Better guidelines and practice can help and so can new technology.

更好的指導(dǎo)方針、實(shí)踐、新技術(shù)有所裨益。

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Drones and satellites can improve the measurement of biodiversity and accounting systems can measure how spending on biodiversity compares with funnelling cash into other kinds of carbon management.
無人機(jī)和衛(wèi)星能促進(jìn)生物多樣性評(píng)估，會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)可以衡量生物多樣性投資與其他類型碳管理投資的對比情況。?
[9]
The services ecology
反哺生態(tài)
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The planet is in a vicious cycle in which global warming damages ecosystems, in turn impairing their ability to absorb carbon.
地球處于惡性循環(huán)中，全球變暖破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，轉(zhuǎn)而破壞他們的吸碳能力。
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Over the past 20 years the Amazon has become a net source of carbon dioxide, emitting 13% more than it captures.

過去20年中，亞馬遜河已經(jīng)變成了二氧化碳的凈來源，排放量比捕捉量多13%。?

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Spending money on nature need not only be an act of philanthropy. It can also be attractive for governments and firms investing in mitigating climate change.

投資大自然不僅是一種慈善行為，也可以吸引政府和企業(yè)在緩解氣候變化上投資。

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（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量636左右）
原文出自：2022年12月24日《The Economist》Leaders版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Guo Zhenyan

本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
凈零碳排放指的是一個(gè)國家、公司或產(chǎn)品，不會(huì)帶來溫室氣體排放。這通常是通過減少排放，利用吸碳努力（如植樹）平衡剩余排放，來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
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《美國降低通貨膨脹法案》(也稱美國通脹削減法案）：是美國有史以來針對氣候能源領(lǐng)域的最大投資計(jì)劃。2022年8月16日，美國總統(tǒng)拜登簽署該案。法案包括未來十年投入約4300億美元用于氣候和清潔能源以及醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域等內(nèi)容。
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碳定價(jià)被視為減排領(lǐng)域中成本有效性最高的政策工具。碳定價(jià)（CarbonPricing）源于英文短語putapriceoncarbon，即將碳排放的外部成本內(nèi)化為碳價(jià)。旨在通過提高碳密集型產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的價(jià)格來反映其對環(huán)境與社會(huì)的影響。簡言之，就是對溫室氣體（GHG）排放以每噸二氧化碳為單位給予明確定價(jià)的機(jī)制，主要包括碳稅、碳排放交易體系（ETS）、碳信用機(jī)制、基于結(jié)果的氣候金融（RBCF）、內(nèi)部碳定價(jià)五種形式。
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碳足跡Carbon Footprint，是指企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)、活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品或個(gè)人通過交通運(yùn)輸、食品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)以及各類生產(chǎn)過程等引起的溫室氣體排放的集合。它描述了一個(gè)人的能源意識(shí)和行為對自然界產(chǎn)生的影響，號(hào)召人們從自我做起。已有部分企業(yè)開始踐行減少碳足跡的環(huán)保理念。
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碳捕捉，就是捕捉釋放到大氣中的二氧化碳，壓縮之后，壓回到枯竭的油田和天然氣領(lǐng)域或者其他安全的地下場所。吸引力在于能夠減少燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生的有害氣體——溫室氣體。在世界石油會(huì)議（WPC）上，能源行業(yè)的老總們都熱切希望把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)解決氣候?qū)⒆兣姆桨?。但是，技術(shù)瓶頸仍然存在，大規(guī)模發(fā)展的價(jià)格依然昂貴，讓項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行困難重重。
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碳抵消機(jī)制的目的是正在執(zhí)行/已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的減排活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)核查后產(chǎn)生的減排量在碳交易市場進(jìn)行交易并能夠用作排放量的抵消，減排量一般指常規(guī)情景外避免或封存的排放量。因?yàn)樘嫉窒麢C(jī)制源于自愿原則，但是其他定價(jià)機(jī)制中，受約束的企業(yè)一般有強(qiáng)制性的要求，所以“總量控制與排放交易”機(jī)制下的“配額”和“基線減排與信用交易”機(jī)制下的“減排量抵消額度”是有區(qū)別的。
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【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個(gè)）
The natural world is a source of beauty and wonder, but it also provides humans with essential services.
自然界不僅是美麗與奇跡的源泉，亦是人類賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。
?
Lofty promises about preserving the world’s biodiversity have been made and broken many times before.
類似的關(guān)于保護(hù)地球生物多樣性的空頭支票早已有之。
?
Safeguarding biodiversity is an efficient way to control carbon emissions.
保護(hù)生物多樣性是控制碳排放的有效方法。