Pronunciation Tips (British English or BrE)

學(xué)習(xí)鏈接：英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)|語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)|連讀弱讀|同化省音|外教|雙語(yǔ)字幕|BBC經(jīng)典教程

1. 連音 Catenation

e.g. He’s holding an egg.

???????????????/?neɡ/

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- He’s in the garden.

????/z?n/

- I used to believe in Father Christmas, but not any more.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/v?n/? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??/t?en.i/

- I had to give up jogging.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/ɡ?vv?p/

- He had it in his office.

??????/d?t/

* catenation (consonant to vowel linking):

????When a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound, the two words can link together.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以輔音結(jié)尾而下一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，這兩個(gè)單詞可以連接在一起

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***2. 連讀 The linking /j/

e.g. I always ...

? ???/a?.j???l.we?z/

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- When I go on holidays, I just want to lie on the beach.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??/j?n/

- The end of the film was brilliant.

? ? ? /jend/

- I ate the whole cake in one go.

??/je?t/

- It was too high up for me to reach.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/j?p/

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* linking /j/:

????When a word ends in /a?/, /i?/, /e?/ or /??/ and the next word begins with a vowel, a small /j/ sound can link the words together.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /a?/、/i?/、/e?/ 或 /??/ 結(jié)尾，而下一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，一個(gè)小的 /j/ 聲音可以將這些單詞連接在一起

3. 連讀 The linking /r/

e.g. War and Peace

? ? ? ? /w??r?n.pi?s/

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- You know I really like my mother in-law.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/r?n/

- Have you been to the Tower of London.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/r?v/

- You’ve got something in your eye.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/ra?/

- Never again.

? ? ??/r??ɡen/

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* linking /r/:

????Words that are spelt with an /r/ at the end use the /r/ sound to link to the next word if that word begins with a vowel.

????如果一個(gè)單詞結(jié)尾有 /r/ 音，當(dāng)下一個(gè)單詞以元音字母開(kāi)頭時(shí)，會(huì)使用 /r/ 音來(lái)連接這兩個(gè)單詞

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**4. 連讀 The linking /w/

e.g. The shoe is on the wrong foot

? ? ? ? ? ? ??/?u?w?z/

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- When do I have to be there?

? ? ? ?? ?/du?wa?/

- I haven’t got a clue at all.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/w?t/ or /w?t/

- That glue is really strong.

? ? ? ? ? ???/w?z/

- I really can’t do it.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? /du?w?t/

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* linking /w/:

????When a word ends in /u?/ and the next word begins with a vowel sound the two words can link together with a small /w/ sound.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /u?/ 音結(jié)束，下一個(gè)單詞以元音音素開(kāi)頭時(shí)，這兩個(gè)單詞可以用一個(gè)小的 /w/ 音來(lái)連接在一起

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5. 合并?Germination (twinning) /t/

e.g. It takes two to tango.

? ? ? ??(t)s are merged

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- It took him twenty years to get to the top.

????(t)s are merged? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????(t)s are merged

- You don’t have to cheat to pass the test!

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????(t)s are merged

- You were right to the upset.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????????(t)s are merged

- We took the overnight train to Venice.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???????(t)s are merged

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* germination /t/:

????When a word ends in /t/ and the next begins with /t/, the two /t/ sounds can join together to make one sound.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /t/ 結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以 /t/ 開(kāi)始時(shí)，這兩個(gè) /t/ 音可以合并成一個(gè)音

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6. 合并 Germination (twinning) /s/

e.g. He looks sad.

? ? ? ? ? ?????/l?ks?d/

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- She’s silly!

? ???/?i?.?s?l.i/

- He’s sitting over there.

? ? ? /hi?.s?t.??/

- Can you come this Saturday?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?/e?.?s?t.?.de?/

- That’s so unfair!

? ? ????/e?.s??/

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* germination:

????When a word ends in /s/ and the next word begins with /s/, the two sounds come together.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /s/ 結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以 /s/ 開(kāi)始時(shí)，這兩個(gè)音會(huì)合并在一起

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7. 弱讀 Weak form: 'and' -> /n/

e.g. Fish and Chips

? ? ? ? ? /f??.n.t??ps/

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- I’m going to go and get the shopping.

?????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ?? /n/

- Apples and oranges are my favourite fruits.

? ? ? ? ? ? ???/n/

- I’ve been thinking and thinking but I can’t decide.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????????/n/

- We went for a coffee and something to eat.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????????/n/

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* and:

????When ‘a(chǎn)nd’ is an unstressed conjunction, the /d/ sound at the end is often not pronounced and the /?/ becomes /?/ or is not pronounced at all.

????當(dāng) "and" 是一個(gè)無(wú)重音的連詞時(shí)，結(jié)尾的 /d/ 音通常不發(fā)音，而 /?/ 音會(huì)變成 /?/，或者干脆不發(fā)音

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8. 弱讀 Weak form: 'been' ->?/b?n/

e.g. I have been in London seven years.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/b?n/

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- I’ve been working here for several years.

? ? ? ???/b?n/

- How long’ve you been waiting?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/b?n/

- It’s been years since I went to the cinema.

? ? ? ? /b?n/

- What’ve you been up to since we last met?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/b?n/

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* weak form been:

????When the auxiliary ‘been’ is unstressed, its pronunciation changes from /bi?n/ to /b?n/.

????當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞 "been" 無(wú)重音時(shí)，它的發(fā)音會(huì)從 /bi?n/ 變?yōu)?/b?n/

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9. 弱讀 Weak form: 'can' -> /k?n/

e.g. I can speak two languages.

? ? ? ??/k?n/

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- Can you help me bring in the shopping, please?

? /kn/

- I can swim further than I can run.

???/kn/? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /kn/

- You can succeed if you work hard.

? ? ? ?? /kn/

- How far can you throw a tennis ball?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /kn/

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* weak form can:

????When the modal auxiliary ‘can’ is not stressed, the pronunciation changes from /k?n/ to /k?n/ or /kn/.

????當(dāng)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 "can" 無(wú)重音時(shí)，發(fā)音會(huì)從 /k?n/ 變?yōu)?/k?n/ 或 /kn/

10. 弱讀 Weak form: 'Have to' ->?/h?f.t?/

e.g.?I have to get up at 8 o’clock.

? ? ? ????/h?f.t?/

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- They have to be there by ten.

? ? ? ? ???/h?f.t?/

- We have to find another flat.

? ? ? ??/h?f.t?/

- You have to tell me the gossip.

? ? ? ? ?/h?f.t?/

- I always have to take the train.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?/h?f.t?/

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* have to:

????When the verb ‘have to’ means an obligation, ‘have’ is pronounced /h?f/ and ‘to’ is pronounced /t?/.

????當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“have to”表示義務(wù)時(shí)，“have” 發(fā)音為 /h?f/，而“to”發(fā)音為 /t?/

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11. 弱讀 Weak form: 'have' -> /?v/

e.g.?I’d’ve been late.

? ? ????/d?v/

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- Your parcel should’ve been delivered yesterday.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/d?v/

- I would’ve done it differently.

? ? ? ? ? ?/d?v/

- We might’ve made a mistake.

? ? ? ? ? ?? ? /t?v/

- The police’ve arrived.

? ? ? ? ? ?? ? /s?v/

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* contracted ‘have’:

????When the auxiliary ‘have’ is contracted after a consonant sound, it is pronounced /?v/.

????當(dāng)輔助動(dòng)詞 “have” 在輔音音節(jié)后縮寫(xiě)時(shí)，其發(fā)音為 /?v/

*12. 弱讀 Weak form:?'he'?-> /i?/, 'her' -> /?/

e.g. He looks like he’s had an accident.

? ? ? ?/hi?/? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/ki?z/

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- I really like his cooking.

? ? ? ? ? ? ????/ki?z/

- We think he’s left the country.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?/ki?z/

- They let him leave early.

? ? ? ? ????/ti?m/

- They offered her a promotion.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/d?r?/

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* pronouncing 'he':

????At the beginning of a sentence or clause, 'he'?is pronounced as /hi?/. In the middle of a sentence or clause and after a consonant, the /h/ is often not pronounced. The same is true for words like 'his'?and?'her'.

????在句子或從句的開(kāi)頭，“he” 的發(fā)音為 /hi?/。在句子或從句的中間以及輔音后面，“h” 通常不發(fā)音。對(duì)于單詞 “his” 和 “her” 也是如此

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13. 弱讀 Weak form:?'was' -> /w?z/, 'were' -> /w?/

e.g. I was out drinking.

? ? ? ? ?/w?z/

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- I was there when it happened.

? ??/w?z/

- We were delighted with the results.

? ? ? ??/w?/

- We were having a good time until it rained.

? ? ? ???/w?/

- He was feeling much better last night.

? ? ???/w?z/

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* weak forms was & were:

????When ‘was’ and ‘were’ are unstressed they are pronounced with schwa as /w?z/ and /w?/.

????當(dāng) “was” 和 “were” 在無(wú)重音時(shí)，它們的發(fā)音使用弱讀音標(biāo)，分別為 /w?z/ 和 /w?/

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14. 音變 The

e.g. I prefer the blue one to the orange one.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/e?/? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/ei?/

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- In a restaurant, I always order the apple pie.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/ei?/

- I think the autumn is the best time of year.

? ? ? ? ? ???/ei?/

- The earlier I get up, the happier I am.

???/ei?/

- It’s the one over there.

? ? ? ??/e?/

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* the:

????When unstressed, the pronunciation of 'the'?before a consonant sound is /e?/. Before a vowel sound it’s /ei?/.

????當(dāng)冠詞“the”在輔音音節(jié)前面是不重讀時(shí)，其發(fā)音為 /e?/；而在元音音節(jié)前面時(shí)，其發(fā)音為 /ei?/

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15. 懶音 Schwa

e.g. It’s a piece of cake.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?/??pis?/

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- I like a cup of tea in the morning.

? ? ? ? ??/??k?p?/ ??????/e?/

- Could you get me a packet of biscuits?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/?/? ? ? ? ??/?v/

- Can you give it to me?

? /k?n/ /j?/? ? ? ? ? /t?/

- I had an apple for lunch today.

? ? ? ? ??/?n??p.l/ ?/f?/? ? ? ???/t??de?/

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* /?/ - schwa:

????/?/ is the most common sound in English, it’s never stressed and is in all kinds of words from articles and prepositions to nouns with more than one syllable.

????/?/ 是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的音標(biāo)，它從冠詞、介詞到多音節(jié)的名詞等各種詞匯中都有。/?/ 音標(biāo)從未被重讀過(guò)

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16. 省音 Elision /d/

e.g. I prefer steamed potatoes to boiled potatoes.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/d/ is not pronounced - elision

I peeled my finger.

? ? ? ? ?? /d/ is not pronounced also.

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- My best friend let me borrow his car.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????(d)

- Don’t hold back, say what you mean.

? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(d)

- His bike rolled down the hill without him.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????(d)

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* elision:

????When a /d/ sound comes between two consonant sounds, it is often not pronounced.

????當(dāng) /d/ 音標(biāo)出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)之間時(shí)，通常會(huì)省略不發(fā)音，這也是常見(jiàn)的英文“弱讀音規(guī)則”之一。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“輔音刪除法”或“d音輕聲”。因此，在正常的發(fā)音中，需要注意這種情況，使其更加自然也更加地流暢

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17. 省音 Elision /t/

e.g. Sorry, I can’t do that.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????(t) is not pronounced here.

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- I can’t stand the rain.

? ? ? ? ? ? (t)

- It must be time to leave.

? ? ? ? ? ???(t)

- Am I the first person here?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(t)

- I don’t want it.

? ? ? ? ? ?(t)

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* elision:

????When a /t/ sound comes between two consonant sounds, it is often not pronounced.

????當(dāng) /t/ 音標(biāo)出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)之間時(shí)，通常會(huì)省略不發(fā)音，這也是英文的一個(gè)常見(jiàn)“弱讀規(guī)則”。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“輔音刪除法”或 “t音輕聲”

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***18. 無(wú)聲除阻 Unreleased stop

e.g. I’d like to visit Greece.

? ? ? ? ? (d) is not fully pronounced here

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- How about a quick chat?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?(k) is not fully pronounced

- You should thank her.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?(d) is not fully pronounced

- It was a sad time in his life.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?(d) is not fully pronounced

- Why don’t you sit down?

? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(t) is not fully pronounced

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* unreleased stop:

????When a plosive (/d/, /t/, /b/, /p/,?/ɡ/, /k/) comes before another consonant sound, the plosive is not fully pronounced as the release of the blocked air is not heard.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)破璧音（如/d/，/t/，/b/，/p/，/k/或/ɡ/）出現(xiàn)在另一個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)之前時(shí)，在發(fā)音中一般這個(gè)破璧音不能被完整地發(fā)出，因?yàn)橐魳?biāo)后的聲音阻礙了其空氣的釋放。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“未完全發(fā)音的破璧音”。這在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中非常常見(jiàn)

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***19. 加音 Intrusive /r/

e.g. Law and order

? ? ? ? ???(r) is intrusively added since it flows better?though a bit controversial

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- Can you draw a circle freehand?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???(r) is added

- My dog hurt its paw on some broken glass.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(r) is added

- There was a flaw in the argument.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????(r) is added

- I saw a good film last night.

? ? ? ? ?(r) is added

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* intrusion

????When a word ends in an /??/ sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound, an /r/ sound is sometimes added, even if there is no ‘r’ in the spelling.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /??/ 音結(jié)束，并且下一個(gè)單詞以元音音開(kāi)始時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)添加一個(gè) /r/ 音，即使在單詞拼寫(xiě)中并沒(méi)有“r”

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20. 同化 Assimilation /d/ comes before /b/

e.g. Speed boat

? ? ? ? /spi?b??t/

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- My son is a really good boy.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????(d) is merged into b

- I’m sorry if I was rude before.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????(d) is merged into b

- My car had to be towed back to the ‘garage.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(d) is merged into b

- You should buy him a present.

? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(d) is merged into b

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* assimilation: /d/ comes before /b/:

????When a word ends in a vowel sound then /d/ and the next word starts with /b/, the /d/ changes to /b/ and merges with the following /b/.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以元音音 /d/ 結(jié)尾，并且下一個(gè)單詞以 /b/ 開(kāi)始時(shí)，/d/ 會(huì)變成 /b/ 并與后面的 /b/ 融合在一起

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21. 同化 Assimilation /d/ comes before (/ɡ/ or /k/)

e.g. The dog has been a bad girl

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? (d) changes to /ɡ/

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- He’s a really good cook.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????????(d) changes to /ɡ/

- Last night we had guests for dinner.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????(d) changes to /ɡ/

- Can you print out a hard copy?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(d) changes to /ɡ/

- I’d love to walk down the red carpet one day.

?????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????(d) changes to /ɡ/

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* assimilation /d/ comes before (/ɡ/ or /k/):

????When a word ends in /d/ and the next word begins with /k/ or /ɡ/, the /d/ can change to /ɡ/.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /d/ 音結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以 /k/ 或 /ɡ/ 音開(kāi)始時(shí)，/d/ 音可以變成 /ɡ/ 音

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*22. 同化 Assimilation /d/ comes before /j/

e.g. Would you do me a favour?

? ? ? ? ? /w?d?u?/ or even /w?d??/

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- I'm sad you decided to quit.

? ? ? ? ?? /d?/

- Could you get here by midnight?

? ? ? ?? /d?/

- Should you see him, can you give him a message?

? ? ? ? ? ?/d?/

- I don't think the gold you bought was real.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/d?/

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* assimilation /d/ comes before /j/:

????When a word ends in a vowel sound then /d/ and the next word begins with /j/, the /d/ and /j/ can join together and change to /d?/.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以元音音 + /d/音結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以 /j/ 音開(kāi)始時(shí)，/d/ 和 /j/ 可以合并并變成 /d?/ 音

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23. 同化 Assimilation /n/ + (/b/, /p/, /w/ or /m/)

e.g. Green Park

? ? ? ? ?? /ɡri?m/

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- I own ten pairs of socks.

? ? ? ? ? ? ???/m/

- He didn’t do it on purpose.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/m/

- I would love to live in Paris.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /m/

- Can you come on Wednesday?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???????/m/

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* assimilation:

????When a word ends in /n/ and the next word begins with /p/, /b/, /w/ or /m/, the /n/ may change to /m/.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /n/ 音結(jié)束，下一個(gè)單詞以/p/、/b/、/w/或/m/音開(kāi)始時(shí)，/n/ 音可能會(huì)變成 /m/ 音

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*24. 同化 Assimilation /s/ + (/j/ or /?/)

e.g. Bless you!

? ? ? ? /ble?ju?/

????? ?This shirt

????? ? ?/e?.???t/

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- Can you jus(t) shut the door, please?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/?/

- This yacht is beautiful.

? ? ?? ?/?/

- Don’t worry, that’s usual.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/?/

- He always makes you feel good.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????/?/

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* assimilation /s/ + (/j/ or /?/):

????When a word ends in /s/ and the next begins with /j/ or /?/, the /s/ can change to /?/.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /s/ 音結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)單詞以 /j/ 或 /?/ 音開(kāi)始時(shí)，/s/ 可以變成 /?/ 音

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*25. 同化 Assimilation /t/ + /j/

e.g. Nice to meet you. (How do you do)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??/mi?t?u?/

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- That shirt won’t suit you.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? /t?/

- Don’t you want to come to the party?

? ? ? ? ?/t?/

- I bet your boss doesn’t know.

? ? ????/t?/

- Can I get you anything?

?????? ? ? ?? ?/t?/

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* assimilation /t/ + /j/ = /t?/:

????If a word ends in the sound /t/ and the next word begins with /j/, both sounds may come together to make /t?/.

????如果一個(gè)單詞以 /t/ 音結(jié)束，下一個(gè)單詞以 /j/ 音開(kāi)始，這兩個(gè)音可能會(huì)合并成 /t?/ 音

?

26. 同化 Assimilation /t/ + /k/

e.g. Credit card

? ? ? ?/?kred?kɑ?d/

?

- Don’t let it get cold!

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? /k/

- You have to do it quickly.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/k/

- There’s not a short cut to learning a language.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? /k/

- I didn’t like that cake.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???/k/

?

* assimilation /t/ + /k/:

????If the sound /t/ comes after a vowel and before /k/, it can change to /k/.

????當(dāng) /t/ 音出現(xiàn)在元音音之后并在 /k/ 音之前時(shí)，/t/ 音可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?/k/ 音

?

27. 同化 Assimilation /t/ + /p/

e.g. a white piece of paper

? ? ? ? ? /wa?p pi?s/

?

- There are lots of great parks in London.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????/p/

- I love split pea soup.

? ? ? ? ? ? ????/p/

- I hate potatoes.

? ? ? ? ? /p/

- My mate picked us up from the airport.

? ? ? ? ? ??? /p/

?

* assimilation /t/ + /p/:

????When a word ends in /t/ and the next word begins with /p/, the two sounds come together with the /t/ changing to /p/.

????當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞以 /t/ 結(jié)尾，并且下一個(gè)單詞以 /p/ 音開(kāi)始時(shí)，這兩個(gè)音會(huì)合并并且 /t/ 音變成 /p/ 音

?

28. 同化 Assimilation /nd/ + (/b/, /p/, /m/, /w/)

e.g. It’s an egg sandwich.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????/?s?n.w?d?/

?

- My grandparents have been married for 50 years.

? ? ? ? ? ? ??/m/

- I got a standby ticket.

? ? ? ? ? ? ??????/m/

- The band played until midnight.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?/m/

- I left my handbag on the train.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????/m/

?

* elision and assimilation:

????/nd/ changes to /m/ before the consonants /b/, /p/, /m/ or /w/.

? ? 在輔音 /b/、/p/、/m/ 或 /w/?之前，音素?/nd/ 會(huì)變成音素 /m/